Abstract
Upon carrying out logging, residues remain in the cutting area. Logging residues are an additional source of wood raw material for the production of fuel chips to be used in bioenergetics. In order to plan the logging residues collection and processing technology, it is necessary to gather information on the amount of this type of waste and its distribution within the cutting area.The article deals with the line intersect (LIS) method.The aim of this article was to assess the accuracy of the LIS method for quantifying logging residues after cut-to-length logging (CTL), uniformly distributed within the technology traffic lanes (strips) of width b on the cutting area of arbitrary shape S.The studies were conducted using computer simulations. In the models, logging residues are represented as clusters in the form of circles. The laws of distribution of the radius of the clusters and their position in the plot were determined by field measurements.In the simulations, clusters uniformly distributed along the X-axis and stripes on the Y-axis were considered. The samples of lines were the set of lines of different length and mutually perpendicular and parallel to the coordinate axes X, Y.In the simulations, four types of stripes were considered with a different angle to the Y-axis. Type 1 – angle = 0°, type 2 – angle = 15°, type 3 angle = 30°, type 4 – angle = 45°.It was determined through simulation that the estimated mean radius of the clusters is greater by 24% than the true mean radius.The LIS method formula is appropriate for estimating the amount of forest residues after CTL logging provided the true mean radius is taken. According to the results of simulation experiments, it was found that the results are in good agreement with the theoretical formulas if the location of the sample lines is mutually perpendicular and parallel to the coordinate axes X, Y of the area. Differences remain within the limits of 20% error.
Highlights
Logging residues are widely used as raw material for bioenergy, for example, for fuel chips production
The purpose of this paper is to provide information on the line intersect (LIS) method for estimating logging residues in the form of separate heaps – clusters after cut-to-length logging (CTL) logging on a cutting area of any arbitrary shape S with sample li
A small number of scientific works were devoted to modelling clusters of logging residues after CTL logging (Karpachev et al 2010, Karpachev et al 2017)
Summary
Logging residues are widely used as raw material for bioenergy, for example, for fuel chips production. Statistical estimation is widely used for the quantification of logging residues; this includes the line intersect (LIS) method. The LIS method is based on the solution of the famous Buffon’s needle problem. This method was first tested to estimate the amount of forest residues in New Zealand (Warren and Olsen 1964). The essence of the method lies in the fact that, after logging, one or more lines are laid in the cutting area called lines of sampling (Fig. 1). On the basis of this data, the volume of wood raw material per area is to be estimated
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