Stripe Symptoms Research Articles

Production of antiserum to a non-structural potyviral protein and its use to detect narcissus yellow stripe and other potyviruses

A protein, of apparent molecular weight 72000, was purified from experimentally infected narcissus plants with yellow stripe symptoms utilising SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein was excised from the gels and used to prepare antiserum, which reacted specifically with cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions in ultra-thin sections of virus-infected cells and, in immunoblots, with the 72 kDa protein in preparations containing cytoplasmic inclusions. The antiserum reacted in ELISA with leaf extracts from yellow stripe diseased plants of four narcissus cultivars but not with extracts from comparable symptomless plants. In tests with extracts of plants infected with seven definitive potyviruses, reactions were obtained with bean yellow mosaic and iris mild mosaic viruses. Virus-specific reactions in dot-blot ELISA were dependent on the presence of Tween 20 in the extraction buffer. In contrast, an antiserum to the putative cytoplasmic inclusion protein of alstroemeria mosaic virus reacted only with SDS-treated leaf extracts of infected plants. In limited tests, the method of purifying cytoplasmic inclusion protein was successfully applied to four definitive potyviruses, suggesting that it may be generally applicable to potyviruses and of use for preparing antisera when purification of virus particles is difficult.

The effect of sugarcane mosaic virus on the yield of eleven grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars

The effect of a Johnson grass strain of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV-Jg) on 11 grain sorghum cultivars was assessed in three experiments in which young plants were inoculated with the virus. The 11 cultivars were Alpha, Dekalb B17, Dekalb C42t, Dekalb C42Y, Dekalb E57, Goldrush, Pride, 051 61, Q5161 VR, Tx6I0SR and Yates 233. Severe yield depression (>50%) was observed in those cultivars that developed the red stripe and red leaf symptoms. The effect on cultivars producing mosaic symptoms ranged from tolerance (Tx610SR) to yield losses of ca 25%. Yield depression was primarily due to fewer grains per panicle and reduced grain weight. The number of panicles per ha was the least affected of the yield components. In most instances, the disease delayed maturity and decreased height. A virus-resistant cultivar (Q5161 VR) showed an increase in yield when inoculated with SCMV-Jg.

Viruses isolated from Narcissus (Narcissus spp.) in Japan V

A virus was isolated from a large cupped narcissus plant which showed yellow stripe symptoms collected in Niigata Prefecture in 1971. The virus was readily transmitted by juice inoculation. Among the test plants of 46 species in 14 families, 37 species in 13 families, namely, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Aizoaceae, Caryophylaceae, Papaveraceae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Violaceae, Solanaceae, Pedaliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Compositae, Amaryllidaceae, were found susceptible to the virus.The virus was not transmitted by Myzus persicae, but was transmitted by nematode (Xiphinema bakeri). An evidence of soil transmission was provided by greenhouse tests using soil which was infested with nematodes including Xiphinema bakeri. Lots of 25 X. bakeri sieved from soil in which infected petunia had been grown for 2 to 3 weeks were placed near the roots of potted healthy petunia. After 6 weeks the virus was detected by juice inoculation and by serological test in all inoculated petunia plants. No infection occurred in control petunia plants grown in soil free from X. bakeri. The virus was proved to be transmitted also through seeds of soybean.The virus in vitro withstood heating at 60C for 10 minutes, but not 65C, and 21 days of storage at 22C, but not 28 days. The virus particles were found to be spherical about 25nm in diameter.Antiserum prepared injecting rabbit with a semi-purified virus preparation showed homologous precipitin tube titre of 1/1024. By agar gel diffusion tests, the virus showed negative reaction to antisera against tomato black ring virus (kindly sent from Dr. B.D. Harrison) and against tobacco ringspot virus and tomato ringspot virus (kindly sent from Dr. R. Stace-Smith), but showed positive reaction to the antiserum against arabis mosaic virus (kindly sent from Dr. B.D. Harrison).From the above results, the virus was identified as arabis mosaic virus, which has hitherto not been reported in Japan.Virus-free narcissus seedling juice-inoculated with the virus remained apparently healthy for 15 months, although the virus was recovered from these plants.

Pseudomonas rubrlineans . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas rubrlineans . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum . Also found infecting Paspalum nutans, P. paniculatum (35: 750) and Zea mays (37: 205). Produces symptoms on Sorghum spp. when artificially inoculated. DISEASE: Red stripe disease of sugarcane. Two types of symptom occur: leaf stripe , in which long, narrow, sharply delineated, dark red stripes are observed and top rot , which may occur with or without leaf stripe symptoms. The latter phase of the disease causes much greater economic losses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely dispersed throughout the world and reported from many sugarcane areas (CMI Map 39, ed. 3, 1966). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is spread by wind and rain, especially in warm humid weather. Cottrell-Dormer showed that liquid exuded from stomata and hydathodes in such weather may contain large numbers of bacteria. Penetration is through stomata or wounds. The disease can be introduced into new areas with infected setts.

A New Strain of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Caused by Influencing the Metabolism of the Host

The paper describes a new strain of tobacco mosaic virus which has been named S-strain of TMV because of its characteristic stripe symptoms. The Al-strain of tobacco mosaic virus was used as the initial material.