Strip Footings Research Articles

Undrained Bearing Capacity and Failure Mechanism of Strip Footings on Slopes Considering Multilayered Soils

Undrained Bearing Capacity and Failure Mechanism of Strip Footings on Slopes Considering Multilayered Soils

Numerical Investigation Study on the Performance of Strip Footing Under Eccentric Loading Condition Embedded in Nonhomogeneous Clay Soils

Numerical Investigation Study on the Performance of Strip Footing Under Eccentric Loading Condition Embedded in Nonhomogeneous Clay Soils

Effect of soil stiffness on end bearing resistance of foundations in clay from large deformation numerical modelling

Accurately predicting the installation resistance is of great benefit to a rational and economical design of foundations. This research performs a large-deformation finite-element analysis to investigate the effect of soil stiffness on the end bearing resistance in uniform clay. Different types of geotechnical structures and foundations, e.g., cone penetrometer, strip foundation, bucket foundation, and deep piled foundation are considered. Results show that soil stiffness has a negligible impact during shallow penetration but becomes pronounced at deep penetration. It is found that for strip footings, effect of soil stiffness is minimal, whereas the end bearing resistances of CPT and deep piled foundation with a partial plug are highly dependent on the soil stiffness. For a rough pile foundation, the resistance factor Nc,pf increases by approximately 30% as soil rigidity Ir increases from 50 to 500. For a bucket foundation, the effect of soil stiffness on the end bearing resistance falls between that of “shallow” and “deep” foundations. Based on the numerical results, empirical expressions are proposed to predict the end bearing resistance factor accounting for the effect of soil stiffness.

Numerical Study of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Two Adjacent Rough Strip Footings on Granular Soil: Effects of Rotational and Horizontal Constraints of Footings

In this paper, the numerical study of the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of two closely spaced strip footings on granular soil is investigated using the finite element method (FEM) and upper bound limit analysis (UBLA). Although the UBC of two adjacent footings has previously been studied in other experimental and numerical research, in all the previously reported studies, the footings were not allowed to rotate and move horizontally freely. Due to the deformation of the soil medium, two closely spaced footings are subjected to horizontal movements and tilting, even under central vertical loads. When the two adjacent footings are not permitted to rotate and move in the horizontal directions, the unwanted bending moment and horizontal force act on the footings. Indeed, the UBC of two closely spaced rough footings is evaluated under incorrect constraints in earlier research. In the present research, the UBC of two adjacent rough footings is evaluated with and without these incorrect constraints. The key finding of this study is that constraining the horizontal and rotational movement of the foundation artificially increases the UBC, which does not reflect field conditions. When foundations are permitted to rotate and move horizontally, there is no increase in UBC; however, there is an increased risk of differential settlement and structural instability.

Experimental Investigation on the Behavior of Strip Footing on Prestressed Geocell Reinforced Sand

Experimental Investigation on the Behavior of Strip Footing on Prestressed Geocell Reinforced Sand

Correction: 3-Dimensional Bearing Capacity of Strip and Square Footings on Two-Layered Clay

Correction: 3-Dimensional Bearing Capacity of Strip and Square Footings on Two-Layered Clay

A numerical investigation into the equivalent parameters of a compressible soil treated by stone columns

A series of triaxial test simulations are adopted to estimate the equivalent strength parameters for compressible soil samples reinforced with stone columns. The simulations utilize the finite difference code, Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in three dimensions FLAC3D. An elasto-plastic model is applied to utilize a Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. The equivalent strength parameters are estimated using newly proposed formulas for geo-composite materials. The researchers compare the obtained results to the analytical formulas proposed in the literature. Additionally, the equivalent parameters are used in equivalent area models. This study investigates the effect of the replacement area ratio. This study offers two applications. Firstly, it evaluates the safety factor of embankments constructed on compressible soil improved with stone columns. Secondly, it estimates the bearing capacity of strip footings on compressible soil treated with stone columns. In all applications, both individual column and equivalent area models are considered. The proposed equations for the equivalent elastic parameters (E, ν) and the mechanical properties, equivalent cohesion, and internal frictional angle (c and φ) give results that agree with the solutions reported in the existing literature.

Evaluating the N γ Coefficient for Shallow Strip Footings on Sloping Ground by the Method of Stress Characteristics

Evaluating the <i> N _γ </i> Coefficient for Shallow Strip Footings on Sloping Ground by the Method of Stress Characteristics

Appraisal of numerous machine learning techniques for the prediction of bearing capacity of strip footings subjected to inclined loading

Appraisal of numerous machine learning techniques for the prediction of bearing capacity of strip footings subjected to inclined loading

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Strip Footing Behavior on Sand with a Weak Layer of Varying Thicknesses and Overburden Loads

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Strip Footing Behavior on Sand with a Weak Layer of Varying Thicknesses and Overburden Loads

Numerical study on bearing capacity of geocell-reinforced strip footings resting on slopes

Numerical study on bearing capacity of geocell-reinforced strip footings resting on slopes

3-Dimensional Bearing Capacity of Strip and Square Footings on Two-Layered Clay

3-Dimensional Bearing Capacity of Strip and Square Footings on Two-Layered Clay

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Strip Footing on Shear Band Development and Lateral Pressure Distribution in Helical Soil-Nailed Walls

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Strip Footing on Shear Band Development and Lateral Pressure Distribution in Helical Soil-Nailed Walls

Deformation Responses of a Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil-Integrated Bridge System Under Static Loading and Sensitivity Analysis of Influential Factors Based on the Improved Grey Relational Method

A numerical parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effects of various parameters on the deformation responses of a geosynthetic reinforced soil-integrated bridge system (GRS-IBS) under static load. The investigated parameters include the abutment height, reinforcement spacing, reinforcement length, reinforcement stiffness, bridge load, and backfill internal friction angle. The improved grey relational method is used to investigate the sensitivity of influential factors on the deformation responses of the GRS-IBS. The simulation results indicate that the abutment height, reinforcement spacing, and bridge load have a significant impact on the performance of the GRS-IBS with respect to lateral displacement and settlement, while the effects of reinforcement length, reinforcement stiffness, and backfill internal friction angle on the deformation behavior of the abutment are negligible. Differential settlements between the girder and approach are minimal under all conditions. The potential failure envelope of the GRS-IBS exhibits a “L” shaped configuration where the potential failure surface starts beneath the inner edge of the strip footing, extending vertically downward to half of the wall height and further bifurcating toward the strip footing and the toe of the wall. The results of the improved grey relational analysis show that reinforcement spacing is the most sensitive to the lateral displacement of the GRS-IBS. The abutment height and bridge load are more sensitive to abutment deformation than other influential factors. These three parameters are crucial to the deformation behavior and should be given primary consideration when designing a GRS-IBS.

Finite element and evolutionary polynomial regression analyses of the effect of a cavity on the bearing capacity factor $${{\varvec{N}}}_{{\varvec{c}}}$$ of strip footing

Finite element and evolutionary polynomial regression analyses of the effect of a cavity on the bearing capacity factor $${{\varvec{N}}}_{{\varvec{c}}}$$ of strip footing

Seismic bearing capacity of strip footings placed on reinforced soil slopes using slip line method

This study investigates the seismic vertical bearing capacity of strip footings positioned on reinforced soil structures employing a two-phase approach and the slip line method. The investigation aims to establish a slip line field and determine the critical slip surface without any assumptions of predefined surfaces. The obtained results are compared with previous studies, demonstrating a good agreement and validating the accuracy of the proposed approach. The variation of the bearing capacity factor with the horizontal seismic coefficient, soil internal friction angle, setback distance normalized by footing width, and slope incline angle. An increase in the horizontal seismic coefficient leads to a decrease in bearing capacity factor, while an increase in the soil internal friction angle has the opposite effect. The influence of the setback distance on the bearing capacity is also examined, highlighting significant improvements with increased setback distances. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of the tensile strength ratio and setback distance on the ultimate bearing capacity factor and the bearing capacity ratio. The distribution of reinforcement forces beneath the footing is analyzed and presented through contour plots, providing valuable insights into the seismic behavior of footings on reinforced soil slopes.

Influence of the superposition and flow rule assumptions on the bearing capacity of shallow strip footings

Influence of the superposition and flow rule assumptions on the bearing capacity of shallow strip footings

Stability of Hillslopes with Compound Convex-Concave Profile Under Vertically Loaded Strip Footings

Stability of Hillslopes with Compound Convex-Concave Profile Under Vertically Loaded Strip Footings

Effects of including fully wraparound geogrid layers on the load-bearing capacity and settlement of a strip footing resting on sandy soil

In this study, a series of small-scale physical model tests were conducted to investigate the effects of fully wrapped geogrid sheets on the load‒settlement response of medium-dense sandy soil beneath a single-strip foundation. Recent research has provided evidence of how different parameters affect the behavior of dense sandy soil when reinforced with fully wraparound geogrid sheets. Additionally, a parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of various factors on the system. These factors include the presence of a folded geogrid sheet, the depth and length of an embedded wraparound geogrid sheet, the thickness of the fully wrapped geogrid layer, the impact of tensile strains along the geogrid sheet, and the effect of additional confinement pressure. The inclusion of a single sheet of full wraparound geogrid sheets has been found to significantly affect the pressure-bearing capacity of medium-dense sandy soil and settlement beneath the strip footing. The carrying capacity increases by 280%, and the settlement ratios decrease by 50% when using one layer of full wraparound geogrid. Moreover, when using one fully folded geogrid sheet, the strain induced beneath the center of the footing decreases significantly by approximately 45.5% and the applied pressure by approximately 15.5% in comparison with two inclusions of planar geogrid layers. In addition, the stress distributions are spread over a larger region within the soil mass. One significant finding is that the presence of two overlapping parts prevents the rupture of the geogrid sheet, as opposed to the planar geogrid sheet.

3D-printed geocells in footing systems: A comprehensive physical and numerical studies on scaling and performance under centric and eccentric loading scenarios

The complexities of scaling have long presented challenges in applying small-scale test results of geocell-reinforced footings to field conditions in geosynthetic engineering. There has been no research that thoroughly examines the scaling of both geometry and material stiffness in geocell-reinforced footing systems although limited studies have attempted to scale geocells using alternative materials with lower strength, such as simile paper, non-woven geotextile etc. Therefore, this is a leading study to address the complexities of scaling using 3D-printing technology, where both geometry and tensile stiffness of geocell were accurately scaled using scaling laws. In the present study, the impact of scaling on the performance of strip footings reinforced with both traditional fabricated and 3D-printed geocells in terms of pressure-settlement response and improvement factors were assessed. The results indicated that 3D-printed geocells offered significant advantages in customization and rapid prototyping of field scale. Specifically, the strip footings reinforced with fabricated geocells showed up to 65% higher improvement factors in both loose and dense soils compared to those using the scaled 3D-printed geocells. Furthermore, the footings reinforced with scaled geocells using 3D-printing technologies closely aligned with existing large-scale test results regarding improvement factors, which were further validated through various numerical analyses. These findings offer new perspectives for optimizing and applying 3D-printed geocells in geotechnical engineering and address the longstanding challenge of scaling geocell-reinforcement systems in small-scale model tests.