Strict Upbringing Research Articles

The Process Individuation of the Main Character in I Tonya Movie

I, Tonya movie tells the story of Tonya Harding, an American female figure skater, from a young age Tonya was faced with her mother's strict upbringing, which made Tonya grow up with a tomboyish and stubborn attitude. This study aims to show the process of individuation that occurs in Tonya so that Tonya can achieve the self-archetype. The objective of this study is to analyze the process of individuation of the main Character Tonya Harding in I, Tonya movie. This study applies the theory by Carl Gustaf Jung. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. Data collection was carried out through four steps: watching, screenshots, note-taking, data analysis, and identifying data. The results of this study indicate that the film I Tonya shows three personas, four shadows, four animus, and oneself, before reaching the self-archetype through the Individualization process, in the film it is shown that the process of individuation occurs by eliminating the causes for the emergence of various archetypes to achieve self-archetype. In this case, Tonya can be seen that she was able to go through the process of individuation with many obstacles leading to the self archetype where she was able to control the persona, animus, shadow, and self.

TOWARDS A NEW UNDERSTADING OF THE CURSE OF EVE: FEMALE SEXUAL PAIN IN GENESIS 3:16 AND OTHER ANCIENT TEXTS

Painful sexual intercourse is the lived experience of many women, but little research has been done on the condition, and it is seldom discussed, either in private conversations or in the media. This appears to also have been true in ancient society, where few texts mention pain associated with sexual intercourse. Three ancient sources may reference or address the condition, these being Ramesseum Medical Papyrus IV , dating from the 13 th Dynasty of Egypt during the 18 th century BCE, Enki and Ninhursaĝa , a Sumerian mythical narrative, and Gen 3:16, the so-called Curse of Eve. This article will examine these three sources, analysing the translations of specific words and how these affect the understanding of the relevant passages. The paper will further investigate specifically the message which Gen 3:16 gives to women suffering from painful sexual intercourse, and how religious orthodoxy and a strict upbringing can be both a factor in the development of painful sexual intercourse, as well as an inhibiting factor in the treatment thereof.

The Image of Foreigner in Emirati’s Women Novel (with an Example of Rayḥānah, by Maysūn Şaqr al-Qāsimī)

This kind of research, especially in the field of comparative studies, is crucial, because it provides a better understanding of people, culture, thought, and their way of thinking, seeing and dealing with the other. Therefore, choosing to study the image of the foreigner in Emirati women’s writing can help to examine the deep dimensions of relationship with the other who does not belong to family, class, and homeland, in this society. The study, hence, aims to shed a light on women awareness and their ways to articulate their own issues, and experiences after long history of isolation and suppression that women in this country and region in general had witnessed. Moreover, the study focuses on Maysūn al Qāsimī and her first narrative controversial work Rayḥānah, aspires to reveal how the strict upbringing and education had its impacts on women’s personality and thinking, and thus their ways of looking at the stranger in their home or homeland. The expected results of this study are to demonstrate women awareness and capability to disclose, to certain extents, the depth of female agony in very complicated network of political, social, economic and cultural factors that would shape the history of the whole region in postcolonial time. In addition, the study is expected to help to reach better understanding of the different roles that the foreigners have played in this society, from the female locals’ point of views, and therefore, their narration.

Factors predicting domestic violence among Thai Muslim married couples in Pattani province

This study examined factors predicting domestic violence among Thai Muslim married couples in Pattani province and created a prediction equation for domestic violence. The data were collected from 1,536 subjects who were selected using multi stage sampling and data were analyzed using the R program to calculate Pearson's product moment correlation coefficients and multiple linear correlation coefficients. The results of the study revealed five predictors of domestic violence among Thai Muslim married couples in Pattani Province with predictability at a significance level of .001. Three predictors were found to have positive relationships with domestic violence: strict upbringing (X1), violent behavior in childhood (X6), and females' inferior status (X7) while severe punishment in childhood (X4) and the emphasis on male dominance (X8) had negative relationships with domestic violence and their prediction efficiency was 87.5 percent (R2 = 0.875, p < .001). Females' inferior status (X7) had the highest level of relationship, and severe punishment in childhood (X4) was the lowest.

Family background in upbringing, experience of violence, and authority relationship among married, Thai, Muslim couples in Pattani province experiencing domestic violence

The objectives of this study were to investigate family background in upbringing, experience of violence, and authority relationship among married, Thai, Muslim couples in Pattani province experiencing domestic violence. The informants of this study consisted of 20 spouses experiencing domestic violence, 20 parents and 20 relatives of the spouses. The data were collected through discussions and in-depth interviews, and then analyzed using comparative logic of concepts, theories, research reports, and context. The study found that married, Thai, Muslim couples in Pattani province experiencing domestic violence had had a strict upbringing, experienced violence in witnessing their parents quarreling and beating each other, had experienced severe punishment in childhood, believed that women have an inferior status to men, and that men are dominant.

Family Background Risk Factors Associated with Domestic Violence among Married Thai Muslims Couples in Pattani Province

This study examined family background risk factors associated with domestic violence among married ThaiMuslim couples in Pattani Province. The informants were 1,536 wives who were representatives of their families.The R program was used for data analysis to determine the frequency, percentage, chi-square value, odds value,and logistic coefficient. The results were that 38.3 percent of the Thai Muslim couples in Pattani Province useddomestic violence, and the risk factors of family background found to be associated with domestic violence at asignificance level of .001 were four variables: strict upbringing, violent behavior in childhood, witnessingparents quarreling in childhood, and violent behavior in childhood. The married couples with chances to usedomestic violence were as follows: those who witnessed their parents quarreling in childhood regularly (2.46times); once in while (1.73 times); had severe punishment in their childhood regularly (0.65 times); once in awhile (0.51 times); had very strict upbringing (0.53 times); had moderately strict upbringing (0.41 times); hadviolent behavior in childhood regularly (0.52 times); and once in a while (0.43 times), respectively. The resultsof this study would be beneficial in forming policy and taking preventive measures for children witnessing theirparents quarreling in order to end the cycle of domestic violence.

Factors Associated with Bullying Behavior in Islamic Private Schools, Pattani Province, Southern Thailand

The purpose of this research was to investigate the associations between students’ bullying behaviors in Islamic private schools, Pattani province and classroom management factors (democracy, authoritarian, and permissive classroom management), family upbringing factors (strict, permissive, and democracy upbringing), environment violence factors (influence of peers violence, community violence, and parents violence), and to identify risk factors for bullying behaviors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,500 students were interviewed to collect relevant data by using a screening inventory for students at risk of exposure to bullying behavior in Islamic private schools (Laeheem & Sungkharat, 2012). Pearson Product-moment correlation test was used to analyze the associations between bullying outcome and various determinants linked to classroom management factors, family upbringing factors, and environment violence factors. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for bullying. The study indicated that there were significant associations between bullying behavior and authoritarian classroom management, strict upbringing, influence of peers violence, and influence of parents violence. The influence of parents violence was clearly the most strongly associated predictors in explaining the students bullying behavior (Beta value= 2.26). The strict upbringing, authoritarian classroom management, and influence of peers violence were also made some contribution in explaining the variance in the students bullying behavior (Beta value= 1.93, 0.23, and -3.27), respectively.

Obesity in Middle-Aged Adults Linked to Childhood Abuse

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Clinical & Research NewsFull AccessObesity in Middle-Aged Adults Linked to Childhood AbuseJoan Arehart-TreichelJoan Arehart-TreichelSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:15 Aug 2008https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.43.16.0016aAs the obesity epidemic spreads throughout the world—China seems to be the latest casualty, according to the July/August Health Affairs—psychiatric researchers are stepping up their efforts to discover the mental health ramifications of obesity.For example, they have found associations between anxiety, depression, and binge eating and obesity, although whether these mental disorders contribute to obesity or result from it is not clear (Psychiatric News, September 16, 2005; August 18, 2006). They have linked late-teen depression with early-adulthood obesity in women (Psychiatric News, November 21, 2003). And now Claudia Thomas, Ph.D., of University College London and colleagues have coupled physical abuse in childhood with midlife obesity. Results were published in the May Pediatrics.A general population sample representative of United Kingdom adults in midlife—some 9,400 subjects born in 1958—participated in this study. At ages 7, 11, and 16, each subject was visited by a study investigator and evaluated for negative experiences such as physical or emotional neglect, domestic tension, parental alcoholism, or mother having little interest in a child's education.At age 45 each subject provided his or her recollections about negative experiences that he or she had encountered as a child—say, verbal, physical, or sexual abuse; parental depression; an authoritarian upbringing; or parental separation or divorce. Also at age 45, each subject's body mass index was determined.The researchers then used the prospectively and retrospectively obtained negative-experience findings, as well as subjects' body mass index at age 45, to determine whether negative childhood experiences could be linked with obesity at age 45.They found that such a link did in fact exist. Even when possibly confounding factors were considered, a highly significant link was found between physical abuse and midlife obesity, and statistically significant links were found between verbal abuse, a strict upbringing, and a mother having little interest in her child's education and midlife obesity.In contrast, no significant association was found between other negative childhood experiences—such as not getting along with parents, parental separation or divorce, or parental alcoholism—and midlife obesity. Intriguingly, a significant inverse association was found between maternal depression during childhood and midlife obesity.Thus, “Some childhood adversities increase the risk of obesity in adulthood,” Thomas and her colleagues concluded in their study report, whereas others do not, and still others, such as parental depression, might even be protective in this regard. However, the mechanisms underlying such associations remain to be clarified, they pointed out.The study was funded by the United Kingdom National Health Service, the United Kingdom Medical Research Council, and England's Department of Health.An abstract of “Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Mid-Adult Life: The Role of Childhood Adversity” is posted at<http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/121/5/e1240>.▪ ISSUES NewArchived

Comparison of the health condition between the 8020 achievers and the 8020 non-achievers

To review of the difference in the health condition between 8020 achievers and 8020 non-achievers covering 25 papers which were published mainly in Japan. A campaign targeting the elderly to retain at least 20 teeth by the time they reach the age of 80 years (8020) has been in place since 1991 in Japan. The percentage of 8020 achievers increased from 10.9% in 1993, 15.3% in 1999 and 24.1% in 2005. The 8020 achievers had a tendency towards a strict upbringing and were not fond of sweets in their childhood. Physical indices such as height, weight, BMI score, bone mineral density, balance ability, grip strength, and exercise function in the 8020 achievers were better than the 8020 non-achievers. A close inverse relationship between the number of teeth and heart rate was recognised. The food intake survey showed that 8020 achievers ate many kinds of food. However, these foods were those with less kilocalories and lower levels of carbohydrate. The 8020 achievers had good activity in daily life (ADL) level, were satisfied with life, and had a higher cumulative survival rate. Oral health conditions including periodontal condition, masticatory ability, occlusal force, occlusal and maxillofacial forms in the 8020 achievers were better than the 8020 non-achievers.

Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Midadult Life: The Role of Childhood Adversity

Child abuse has been associated with poorer physical health in adulthood, but less is known about childhood adversity more broadly, including neglect and family problems, or the pathways from adversity to adult disease. We have examined how different stressful emotional or neglectful childhood adversities are related to adiposity and glucose control in midadulthood, taking into account childhood factors, and whether the relationships are mediated by adult health behaviors and socioeconomic position. This was a prospective longitudinal study of 9310 members of the 1958 British birth cohort who participated in a biomedical interview at 45 years of age. Primary outcomes consisted of continuous measures of BMI, waist circumference, and glycosylated hemoglobin at 45 years and categorical indicators: total obesity (BMI > or = 30), central obesity (waist circumference: > or = 102 cm for men and > or = 88 cm for women), and glycosylated hemoglobin level of > or = 6. The risk of obesity increased by 20% to 50% for several adversities (physical abuse, verbal abuse, witnessed abuse, humiliation, neglect, strict upbringing, physical punishment, conflict or tension, low parental aspirations or interest in education, hardly takes outings with parents, and father hardly reads to child). Adversities with the strongest associations with adiposity (eg, physical abuse) tended to be associated with glycosylated hemoglobin levels of > or = 6, but in most cases associations were explained by adjustment for adulthood mediators such as adiposity. Effects of other adversities reflecting less severe emotional neglect and family environment were largely explained by childhood socioeconomic factors. Some childhood adversities increase the risk of obesity in adulthood and thereby increase the risk for type 2 diabetes. Research is needed to understand the interrelatedness of adversities, the social context of their occurrence, and trajectories from adversity to adult disease.

The Stanleys Up to Date

_Russell_ journal (home office): E:CPBRRUSSJOURTYPE2501\REVIEWS.251 : 2005-09-14 19:58 Reviews  THE STANLEYS UP TO DATE S T Russell Archives & Russell Research Centre / McMaster U. Hamilton, , Canada   @. Thomas, Lord Stanley of Alderley. The Stanleys of Alderley, –: a Politically Incorrect Story. Rev. ed. Altimcham, ..: , . Pp. . £.. lthough the book is called The Stanleys of Alderley, the Stanleys have not Alived at Alderley, the family home for  years, since  when it was sold. Not long after, Penrhos, the family’s property in Wales, left the family as well, sold in . Naturally the author, who would have inherited these properties , laments not only these losses but the fire-sale prices—Alderley sold for£, and is now estimated to be worth £ million; Penrhos was sold for a mere £, but then its owner, the author’s cousin, was a homosexual and upon leaving the Navy decided it would be unwise to live at Penrhos because homosexuality was then a crime in Britain (p. ). The author provides an appendix on the Alderley Settled Estate and his trials with the Royal Bank of _Russell_ journal (home office): E:CPBRRUSSJOURTYPE2501\REVIEWS.251 : 2005-09-14 19:58  Reviews Canada when he inherited what was left (pp. –). Lord Stanley’s path to inheriting his title was much more tortuous and full of tragedy than Bertrand Russell’s inheritance of his earldom. Thomas’s two older brothers, John and Martin, died at the same time in Penrhos just before it was sold when the cliff collapsed, weakened by old tunnels that they had dug chasing rabbits in their childhood. After that, two cousins, Edward and Lyulph, had to die without heirs before the title became Thomas’s in . The author blames them for losing, and losing easily, in the span of  years wealth that had taken nine centuries to accumulate. Lord Stanley also had some difficulty in taking his seat in the House of Lords (as did Bertrand), since proof was needed that no offspring with a better claim might appear (p. ). The author exhibits some of the same wit that makes Russell’s writing sparkle. Lord Stanley sat in the House of Lords, although on different sides (Conservative vs. Liberal Democrat), with his cousin Conrad, Russell’s youngest son. The two of them had rather different professions, Thomas a farmer and Conrad a university professor. He notes: “When on one occasion I said that he looked tired, he, as any academic would, said that he found getting his mind down to the level of his undergraduates very exhausting. I replied that trying to understand the minds of my sheep surely must be more exhausting” (p. ). Another example of wit (which is frequent, particularly in the first part of the book) concerns his strict upbringing and the learning of rules. The rules were discarded until he joined the House of Lords when he found them “useful, if only to remember to put the milk in the cup first if sitting next to a life peer and last if next to an hereditary one” (pp. –). Milk first or last has always been a mystery to me, and I’m afraid this remark does not help much! Born in , the author was brought up to believe “that it was a privilege to be a Stanley” although any arrogance because of superior lineage was not allowed by his father (p. ). The author’s mother was Lady Kathleen Thynne, the daughter of the th Marquess of Bath. The passages concerning Christmas visits to the family’s very grand estate, Longleat, make fascinating reading (pp. –). The book contains chapters on Lord Stanley’s childhood (he was raised at Llanfawr near Penrhos), his career in the military followed by farming, his family, his hobbies and the House of Lords. It includes a family tree, a chronology from  to , and family photographs (the author bears more than a passing resemblance to his cousin Conrad). This book provides much information on Russell’s maternal family, moving the story forward from the period covered in The Amberley Papers, The Ladies of Alderley, and The Stanleys of Alderley. Russell favoured the Russell side of the family in his youth, but as he grew older...

Transfiguring America: Myth, Ideology, and Mourning in Margaret Fuller's Writing

Transfiguring America is the product of more than eight years of research and numerous published articles on Margaret Fuller, arguably one of nineteenth-century America's most ardent feminists. Focusing on Fuller's development of a powerful language of cultural critique and myth-making in the years immediately preceding her famous book Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Steele shows why Fuller had such a profound impact on the women's rights movement and modern conceptions of female identity. Following a strict upbringing and severe tutelage by her father, Fuller went on to make a life as a writer, teacher, and champion for women's rights and equality. She formed many important relationships, most notably with Ralph Waldo Emerson. While Emerson taught Fuller a great deal, including the way to an inner life, he fell short, as her father had done. But her spiritual struggles with her upbringing and relationships led to her continued intellectual maturity. Fuller demanded not only political equality for women, but also emotional, intellectual, and spiritual freedom. With Woman in the Nineteenth Century, she advanced the cause of women's rights, urging women to find independence from the roles society had imposed upon them, in the home and with the family. She also promoted legal reform to end inequalities to women and spoke frankly on issues of marriage and relationships. While it shocked many, the first edition of the book sold out within a week in 1845 and sparked serious debate. In Transfiguring America, Steele takes an in-depth look at Fuller's philosophy before this famous book, and how it makes her an important contributor to theoretical debates. He points out that Fuller's personal experiences and her cultural critiques are, in fact, the heart of her distinctive and highly influential writing. This book is further evidence that in addition to her role as one of nineteenth-century America's most powerful critics, Margaret Fuller occupies a central role in contemporary scholarship and theory.

Desaix, le collégien d'Effiat

Olivier Paradis, Desaix, the Schoolboy at Effiat. At the royal military school at Effiat, Desaix benefited from a scholarship from the foundation of the local marquis, long granted to his family. Without much pocket- money, the scholar underwent a strict upbringing, broken only by holidays spent at home, a privilege denied most of the boarders. Ironically, he thus avoided the military exercises which the others endured during these periods. The prizes he was awarded in history, geography, mathematics, etc., are better proof of the general knowledge he aquired than the single mediocre school report that has survived.

Leopold Ruzicka, 13 September 1887 - 26 September 1976

Leopold Ruzicka was born on 13 September 1887 in Vukovar, a small township in Slavonia—one of the provinces of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. His father was of Czech* and Croat and his mother of Croat and Swabian extraction. All of his forebears were artisans and farmers; his father Stjepan was a cooper and an ardent Croatian patriot while his mother Amalija ( née Sever) leaned more towards her German background. Until his life’s end, Leopold never forgot his Croatian and those in the know had little difficulty in discerning here and there Croatian turns of phrase in his German speech. After he lost his father at the early age of four his mother took him and his younger brother Stjepan to live with relatives in the nearby larger town of Osijek. Here he received his early education, first at a primary school and then at the ‘Classical Gymnasium’. His youth was carefree and happy, thanks to his mother’s affectionate devotion and strict upbringing. He kept in life-long touch with some of his school comrades; they remembered him as introverted, quiet and phlegmatic—an impression which later aquaintances have found rather hard to believe. He was a good but not outstanding student, with an early leaning towards natural sciences in preference to history and philosophy. He was fond of playing chess (even during lessons); later on he gave up the game, considering it a waste of time. * The name Ruzicka is of Czech origin and is pronounced Rūzhitshka.