Length Of Stretch Research Articles

Tracheal Anastomosis Leaks Across Suture Techniques and Tensions: A Biomechanical Ex Vivo Study.

Anastomotic leak after tracheal resection may occur while coughing in the early postoperative period. We investigated the varying effects of suturing technique, stretch, and tension on anastomotic leaks during simulated coughs. End-to-end anastomoses were performed using continuous or interrupted sutures on excised porcine larynges. Tracheas were secured to a pressurized system simulating cough forces, submerged in a water bath, and stretched to 1, 2, and 3 cm above baseline. Peak pressure, incomplete cough generation, and observed leakages were recorded. Parameters were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), multiple linear regression, and logistic regression modeling. Peak tension (B = -0.660, p < 0.001) and stretch lengths (B = -0.329, p = 0.006) were associated with variance in peak pressure (R2 = 0.77, F(3,294) = 8.182, p < 0.001). Incomplete coughs increased with higher peak tension (odds ratio [OR] = 15.627, p < 0.001) and stretching to 3 cm above baseline (OR = 4.335, p < 0.007). Similarly, leak occurrences, primarily from the posterior tracheal wall, increased with higher peak tension (OR = 1.787, p < 0.001) and stretching to 3 cm (OR = 2.613, p = 0.017). No significance was identified with suturing technique. Interrupted and continuous suture techniques do not differ in anastomotic strength during simulated coughs. Increased peak tracheal tension is associated with a weaker anastomosis, and tracheal stretch to 3 cm was associated with a weaker anastomosis. Our study supports the commonly held clinical belief that, to create a stronger anastomosis, tension should be minimized, and particular attention should be placed at the posterior tracheal wall during closure. NA, Benchtop study Laryngoscope, 134:4998-5005, 2024.

The impact of additives and dope composition on hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane for pure water permeability

Abstract In the current work, a dry-jet wet spinning process was used for preparing the polysulfone (PS) polymer hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane. The polysulfone (PS) polymer was prepared by phase inversion technique with two distinct additives: glycerol and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The HF membranes were characterized and their performance was compared for pure water permeability (PWP). While characterizing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis on the internal section and cross-sectional area of membranes exhibited thin finger-like structures and thick sponge-like structures, respectively. With aid of an atomic force microscopic (AFM), the average surface roughness (Ra) of extruded HF membranes was found to be 61.253 nm and 81.086 nm, respectively for the membranes prepared using glycerol and PEG as additives Wettability studies revealed that the both membranes were hydrophilic. Further, they subjected to ascertained for the average pore size, surface porosity, stretch length, and breakage load. In addition, an investigation through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis exhibited that the acquired fibers were amorphous. The results of these findings showed that an increase in pressure caused a rise in water flow. Though PEG-supported HF membrane was an additive that has been shown to provide a greater water flux than glycerol additive HF, its structural stability suggests that it might be employed for higher pressure applications to satisfy the necessary demand for water processing.

Effect of poly(dA) stretch in a template sequence on the rate and yield of polymerase chain reaction with electroactive modified 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-triphosphates

The effective incorporation of electroactive labeled nucleotides into DNA during its enzymatic amplification provides the ground for developing assays based on direct electrochemical detection of amplification products. Yet, whether the template sequence can affect the incorporation efficiency of modified nucleotides is still poorly understood. Here we examined the effects of a poly(dA) stretch in template sequence on the rate and yield of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of modified 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-triphosphates (dUTP) in the reaction mixture. Four dUTP derivatives carrying 4-hydroxyphenyl (tyrosine; dUTP-Y1 and dUTP-Y2), 4-nitrophenyl (dUTP-N1), or indolyl (tryptophan; dUTP-W1) aromatic groups were tested as substrates for Taq and KTN (lacking 3′-5′ exonuclease activity) polymerases at 100 % substitution of 2′-deoxythymidine-5′-triphosphate (dTTP) in the PCR mixture. The 120 base pair long synthetic DNA templates contained poly(dA)·poly(dT) tracts of various length (dAn·dTn, where n = 2–10). In all cases, full-size amplicons have been obtained. Overall, in the presence of modified dUTP, the PCR yield was higher with KTN polymerase than that with Taq polymerase. The PCR yield slightly (for dUTP-Y1 and dUTP-Y2) or significantly (for dUTP-N1 and dUTP-W1) decreased with an increase of n in the dAn·dTn tract. In most cases, in the presence of modified dUTP, the PCR rate substantially decreased with n ≥ 4 in dAn·dTn. No changes in amplicon sequences due to potential incorrect nucleotide pairing during amplification with the complete substitution of dTTP with dUTP-Y2 were revealed. Electrochemical activity of tyrosine labeled PCR products dsDNA-Y2 differing in the length of stretches of modified nucleotides was similar. The findings demonstrate that the incorporation efficiency for base-modified nucleotides can in general depend on template sequence, in particular on the presence of long poly(dA) stretches when the modified dUTP are used. That has to be taken into account when developing electrochemical or other DNA assays with a specific modified nucleotide.

Plastics at an Offshore Fish Farm on the South Coast of Madeira Island (Portugal): A Preliminary Evaluation of Their Origin, Type, and Impact on Farmed Fish

Plastic pollution is a global problem affecting all ecosystems, and it represents most of the marine litter. Offshore aquaculture is a sector particularly vulnerable to this issue. To investigate this concern, the present study employed videography to monitor macroplastics at an offshore fish farm on Madeira Island (Portugal) and analysis of fish gut content to evaluate macroplastic ingestion by farmed sea bream Sparus aurata. Our analysis revealed that the majority of identified plastic debris originated from domestic use (66.66%) and fisheries/aquaculture activities (24.99%). While the number of dead fish suitable for sampling was limited (1.05% of the total mortality), macroplastic debris ingestion was identified in 5.15% of the total mortalities and reported for the first time in species in offshore farming conditions. Fish ingested fragmented plastic sheets, with the amount positively correlated with fish weight (r = 0.621, p = 0.031, n = 12). Notably, the stretched length of these fragments exceeded 50% of the standard length of most fish. Inconsistencies were observed in the number of samples collected per cage and per week. To ensure robust results, these discrepancies should be rectified in future studies. Additionally, extending the sampling period to encompass all seasons would be beneficial for a more comprehensive understanding of seasonal variations in plastic occurrence.

Shoulder Traction as a Possible Risk Factor for C5 Palsy in Anterior Cervical Surgery: A Cadaveric Study.

Background and Objectives: Many risk factors for postoperative C5 palsy (PC5P) have been reported regarding a "cord shift" after a posterior approach. However, there are few reports about shoulder traction as a possible risk factor of anterior cervical surgery. Therefore, we assessed the stretched nerve roots when shoulder traction was applied on cadavers. Materials and Methods: Eight cadavers were employed in this study, available based on age and the presence of foramen stenosis. After dissecting the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the cadaver, the shoulder joint was pulled with a force of 2, 5, 8, 10, 15, and 20 kg. Then, the stretched length of the fifth nerve root was measured in the extra-foraminal zone. In addition, the same measurement was performed after cutting the carotid artery to accurately identify the nerve root's origin. After an additional dissection was performed so that the superior trunk of the brachial plexus could be seen, the stretched length of the fifth and sixth nerve roots was measured again. Results: Throughout the entire experiment, the fifth nerve root stretched out for an average of 1.94 mm at 8 kg and an average of 5.03 mm at a maximum force of 20 kg. In three experiments, the elongated lengths of the C5 nerve root at 8 kg and 20 kg were 1.69/4.38 mm, 2.13/5.00 mm, and 0.75/5.31 mm, respectively, and in the third experiment, the elongated length of the C6 nerve root was 1.88/5.44 mm. Conclusions: Although this was a cadaveric experiment, it suggests that shoulder traction could be the risk factors for PC5P after anterior cervical surgery. In addition, for patients with foraminal stenosis and central stenosis, the risk would be higher. Therefore, the surgeon should be aware of this, and the patient would need sufficient explanation.

Simple Python-Based Application for Transforming Apparent Resistivity Data from Schlumberger Configuration to Wenner Configuration Using the Linear Filter Method

Research has been conducted regarding the design of a simple Python-based application to transform apparent resistivity values ​​from the Schlumberger configuration into apparent resistivity values ​​from the Wenner configuration using the linear filter method. The application developed was then validated using field data measurements from two different locations, namely Nendali Village in the East Sentani district and Buper Waena in the Heram Jayapura district. At each measurement point, two Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) measurements were performed using Schlumberger and Wenner configurations. The apparent resistivity values ​​from the Schlumberger configuration were transformed using the application created, and the results were compared with observational data from the Wenner configuration. Field data were taken for as many as six samples per logarithmic cycle, with the Schlumberger AB/2 configuration electrode spacing equal to the Wenner configuration electrode spacing. The maximum stretch lengths in Nendali and Buper villages were 26 m and 40 m, respectively. The research results show a match between the apparent resistivity values ​​of the Wenner configuration obtained from field observations and the transformation results. This suitability was demonstrated qualitatively through the similarity of the apparent resistivity curve trend between the transformed and field observation data. Quantitatively, this suitability is shown by the slope value of the comparison curve of field observation data and transformed data, which in Nendali and Buper Villages is 0.75 and 0.98, respectively. The conclusion of this study is that a simple application that has been designed and created can be used to transform apparent resistivity values ​​from the Schlumberger configuration to the Wenner configuration. A comparison between the transformed data and field observation data shows that suitability is highly dependent on the quality of the field data.

Investigation on the Effects of Volute Geometric Parameters on the Performance of Pico Francis Turbines Used in Water Pipes

The development of new hydro turbines or the optimization of traditional hydro turbines is one of the research directions that scholars have been interested in to broaden the source of hydropower and improve energy efficiency. In our previous work, a Francis turbine was used in the water supply systems of high-rise buildings to properly control water pressure inside the pipeline and recover excess water energy. In this paper, an optimization study of the volute for the sectional shape, design method, inlet parameters, outlet width, and tongue was conducted using numerical simulations to improve the hydro turbine performance. The simulated results show that a circular section could better enhance the flow velocity inside the volute and make the flow velocity distribution more uniform at the volute outlet, and the equal mean velocity method is a more suitable volute design method in this special condition. The results of range analysis show that the water head reduction increases significantly with the increase in the inlet height, and both inlet height and outlet width have a significant effect on the efficiency. In addition, in the tongue optimization, a larger tilt angle corresponds to smaller output power and water head reduction; a larger stretch length in the limited angle range corresponds to larger output power and lower efficiency. Ultimately, the output power of the hydro turbine was increased by 18.65% and the efficiency by 2.1% through the volute optimization.

A Spectroscopic and Computational Evaluation of Uranyl Oxo Engagement with Transition Metal Cations.

We report the synthesis and characterization of five novel Cd2+/UO22+ heterometallic complexes that feature Cd-oxo distances ranging from 78 to 171% of the sum of the van der Waals radii for these atoms. This work marks an extension of our previously reported Pb2+/UO22+ and Ag+/UO22+ complexes, yet with much more pronounced structural and spectroscopic effects resulting from Cd-oxo interactions. We observe a major shift in the U═O symmetric stretch and significant uranyl bond length asymmetry. The ρbcp values calculated using Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) support the asymmetry displayed in the structural data and indicate a decrease in covalent character in U═O bonds with close Cd-oxo contacts, more so than in related compounds containing Pb2+ and Ag+. Second-order perturbation theory (SOPT) analysis reveals that O spx → Cd s is the most significant orbital overlap and U═O bonding and antibonding orbitals also contribute to the interaction (U═O σ/π → Cd d and Cd s → U═O σ/π*). The overall stabilization energies for these interactions were lower than those in previously reported Pb2+ cations, yet larger than related Ag+ compounds. Analysis of the equatorial coordination sphere of the Cd2+/UO22+ compounds (along with Pb2+/UO22+ complexes) reveals that 7-coordinate uranium favors closer, stronger Mn+-oxo contacts. These results indicate that U═O bond strength tuning is possible with judicious choice of metal cations for oxo interactions and equatorial ligand coordination.

Identification of Groundwater Aquifers Using Geoelectric Methods with Schlumberger Configuration in Peatland Areas, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

The geoelectric-resistivity method with Schlumberger configuration is commonly used for groundwater exploration. This method helps identify changes in the resistivity of rock layers beneath the Earth's surface by flowing direct current (DC). In this research, geoelectric-resistivity was used to search for the existence of groundwater aquifers in water crisis areas with peat soil structures. In addition, this research aims to determine the depth of the aquifer layer based on resistivity values below the surface and to identify variations in resistivity values below the surface. The method used in this research was the Schlumberger configuration resistivity geoelectric method with 4 measurement points, each with a stretch length of 500 m . The research results show that the subsurface resistivity value in the Parit Haji Muksin II area is 2.69 ?m to 264 ?m. The unconfined aquifer at the research location was found at point 1 and point 2 at a depth of 3.94 m to 35.5 m, while the confined aquifer was found at points 3 and 4 at a depth of 13.6 m to 61.8 m. This study indicates the presence of potential groundwater resources in tropical peatlands, highlighting the necessity for further comprehensive research to ensure their sustainable utilization in the future.

Hybrid bridge bent using stretch length anchors with post-tensioning and shear key alternatives

Precast concrete bridge bents are good candidates for accelerating bridge construction. In seismic regions, in addition to construction speed, there is a need to improve seismic performance of bridges. One promising solution is self-centering bridge bents that use post-tensioning and external energy-dissipation devices as a hybrid system. This paper presents cyclic load experiments of hybrid two-column bridge bents to assess their performance regarding self-centering and hysteretic energy dissipation. The cyclic experiments were conducted on 42% scaled bridge bents that used unbonded post-tensioning (PT) bars for self-centering and stretch length anchors (SLAs) as external energy dissipators. A total of six experiments are investigated: three with PT bars and SLAs and three with PT bars only. The variables included the number of PT bars in each column (two or four), the initial post-tensioning force in the columns, and the shear key details in the footings and cap beam. The PT bars remained elastic until 4.0% drift ratio but some variation was observed in the post-tensioning forces especially for columns with two PT bars. For post-tensioned bridge bents with or without SLAs, increasing the number of PT bars in each column from two to four enabled efficient self-centering by limiting the residual drift ratio to 0.5%. There was no damage to the concrete for bents with four PT bars and there was repairable concrete damage for bents with two PT bars. The hysteretic energy dissipated by bridge bents with SLAs in addition to PT bars was 1.8 to 3.2 times the hysteretic energy of bridge bents with only PT bars.

Impact dynamics of droplets on circular bodies: Exploring the influence of wettability, viscosity, and body dimensions using the lattice Boltzmann method

This study used the multi-relaxation time pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method to examine the impact dynamics of droplets on circular bodies, focusing on the influence of the surface wettability, the viscosity of droplets by choosing three distinct Reynolds numbers (Re = 100, 300, and 500), and the body diameters. Initially, the study examined impact behavior under non-wetting and wetting conditions, revealing distinct behaviors characterized by dimensional stretch lengths in horizontal and vertical directions. Furthermore, the study evaluated the impact of viscosity by varying the Reynolds number, providing a better understanding of droplet behavior on the solid body. In addition, the effect of changing the diameter of the circular body was examined. This research underlines the importance of surface wettability in the dynamics of contact with the droplets impinging on it. In particular, higher wettability correlates with a monotonic increase in viscosity by acting on the Reynolds number. In addition, the droplet profile responds to changes in Reynolds number, albeit with relatively limited deformation, even in the case of intense interaction with the wetting surface. These results highlight the complex interplay between wettability, droplet dynamics, viscosity, body dimensions, and surface interactions during impact processes.

Functionality of Pizza Cheese as Affected Using Saccharomyces boulardii Adjunct Culture During Refrigerated Storage

Background: Mozzarella/Pizza cheese remains the preferred choice for topping pizza. There is currently no information available on the production of Pizza cheese employing Saccharomyces boulardii as an adjunct culture. The research was conducted to study the influence of S. boulardii adjunct culture on the functional properties of Pizza cheese during refrigerated storage. Methods: Experimental Pizza cheese was manufactured using a blend of homogenized and unhomogenized milks (1:1; cheese designated as CBHM). Control cheese was prepared from unhomogenized milk involving stretching of curd, post whey draining. Result: The baking properties viz., meltability as well as melting time were markedly affected by T, P and the interaction T´P. The fat leakage and stretch length of cheeses were markedly affected by T and P only. The melt and fat leakage values exhibited marked increase with the advancement of the storage period. It is recommended to consume such cheese before 21 days since CBHM cheese elicits the desirable baking characteristics up to 21 days.

(156) Real World Penile Measurements Comparison Between Malleable and Three-Piece Inflatable Implants: An Objective Comparative Study

Abstract Introduction Despite the fact that malleable penile implants are easier and faster to implant surgically, yet inflatable penile implants (IPPs) have usually shown to have higher patient satisfaction rate and lower rates of distal erosion. It was felt, but never shown that IPPs simulated better erections that filled out the penis better. Nevertheless, this had never been objectively proven in the literature to our knowledge. Objective In this study, to achieve objective comparisons, we introduced the Penile Implant Intraoperative Measurements Planning (PIIMP) chart to find out whether IPPs were more likely to procure greater penile dimensions in comparison to malleable implants. Methods 193 men undergoing penile prosthesis implantation were included in the study. 153 had malleable implants, while 40 had an IPP. Penile length and circumference were measured both in a stretched and unstretched state, both before and after a PGE1 intracorporal injection (ICI). Postoperative penile dimensions were re-taken after implantation and documented together with cylinders/rods dimensions. Results In malleable implants, postoperative penile length ranged between pre and post ICI stretched length in 71.4% of times (n=110/153), fell below pre-ICI stretched length in 26.2% of cases (n=40/153) and reached beyond post-ICI stretched length in 1.96% of cases (n=3/153). In IPPs, postoperative penile length ranged between pre and post ICI stretched length in 60% of times (n= 24/40), fell below pre-ICI stretched length in 27.5% of cases (n=11/40) and reached beyond post-ICI stretched length in 12.5% of cases (n= 5/40). Using Fisher's exact test, it was found that postoperative penile length was 6.37 times more likely to rise above preoperative post-ICI stretched length in inflatable penile implants compared to malleable implant cases (12.5% vs 1.96%) (P value=0.0105) As for penile circumference, malleable implants showed a postoperative penile circumference ranging between pre and post-ICI relaxed girth in 69.9% of cases (n=10), reaching above post-ICI relaxed girth in 10.9% of cases (n=17), and falling below pre-ICI relaxed girth in 19.2% of cases (n=30). On the other hand, IPPs cases had a postoperative penile circumference ranging between pre and post ICI relaxed girth in 57.1% of cases (n=24), reaching above post-ICI relaxed girth in 27.2% of cases (n= 12), and falling below pre-ICI relaxed girth in only 9.1% (n= 4) of cases. (P &amp;lt;0.05) Thus IPPs were 2.5 times more likely to increase the girth of the penis (27.2% vs 10.9%) (P value &amp;lt;0.05) and 2.1 times less likely to cause a decrease in circumference in comparison to malleable implants (9.1% vs 19.2%) (P value &amp;lt;0.05) Conclusions Our study demonstrated that IPPs were superior to malleable implants in attaining greater postoperative penile lengths and girths. We introduced the PIIMP chart as an objective standardized and easily reproducible instrument for intraoperative documentation of penile dimensions. Disclosure No.

Small Stretch Problem of the DCT Scheme and How to Fix It

DCT is a beyond-birthday-bound (BBB) deterministic authenticated encryption (DAE) mode proposed by Forler et al. in ACISP 2016, ensuring integrity by redundancy. The instantiation of DCT employs the BRW polynomial, which is more efficient than the usual polynomial in GCM by reducing half of the multiplication operations. However, we show that DCT suffers from a small stretch problem similar to GCM. When the stretch length τ is small, choosing a special m-block message, we can reduce the number of queries required by a successful forgery to O(2τ/m). We emphasize that this attack efficiently balances space and time complexity but does not contradict the security bounds of DCT. Finally, we propose an improved scheme named Robust DCT (RDCT) with a minor change to DCT, which improves the security when τ is small and makes it resist the above attack.

Labor- and cost-effective long-read amplicon sequencing using a plasmid analysis service: Application to transposon-inserted alleles in Japanese morning glory.

The sequencing of PCR fragments amplified from specific regions of genomes is a fundamental technique in molecular genetics. Sanger sequencing is commonly used for this analysis; however, amplicon sequencing utilizing next-generation sequencing has become widespread. In addition, long-read amplicon sequencing, using Nanopore or PacBio sequencers to analyze long PCR fragments, has emerged, although it is often more expensive than Sanger sequencing. Recently, low-cost commercial services for full-length plasmid DNA sequencing using Nanopore sequencers have been launched in several countries, including Japan. This study explored the potential of these services to sequence long PCR fragments without the need for cloning into plasmid DNA, as cloning long PCR fragments or blunt-end PCR fragments into plasmid DNA is often challenging. PCR fragments of 4-11 kb, amplified from the DFR-B gene involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin, with or without Tpn1 transposons in Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil), were circularized using T4 DNA ligase and analyzed as templates. Although some inaccuracies in the length of homopolymer stretches were observed, the remaining sequences were obtained without significant errors. This method could potentially reduce the labor and costs associated with cloning, primer synthesis, and sequence assembly, thus making it a viable option for the analysis of long PCR fragment sequences. Moreover, this study reconfirmed that Tpn1 transposons are major mutagens in I. nil and demonstrated their transposition in the Violet line, a long-used standard in plant physiology.

Biosensor based on all-dielectric mechanically tunable woven metasurface

Based on the stretchable properties of nylon wire materials, we propose a mechanically drawn tunable metasurface. The metasurface was used to detect bovine serum protein solution with different concentrations, and the transmission spectra of the metasurface under different stretch lengths were given. The maximum detection sensitivity of the metasurface is 3.22 GHz/(ng/mm2), and the minimum detection limit concentration is 0.14 mg /mL, which provides a new idea for the design of tunable metasurface biosensors.

A review on stringiness property of cheese and the measuring technique.

This review paper provides a deep understanding of stringiness property in a cheese product. Stringiness is used to describe the extended continuous strand of a molten cheese, especially mozzarella cheese. Stringiness is often described quantitatively by stretch length, as well as qualitative definition which focuses on the dimension of strand and ease of extensibility. Very often, the scope of defining stringiness attributes is limited by the measuring techniques because a complete experimental setup is required to obtain information on both stretch quantity and stretch quality. Among the measuring methods, cheese extensibility rig stands out to be the best method to assess stringiness attribute of a cheese as it is an objective method. In addition, a detailed study on the molecular behavior and interactions among natural and imitation cheese components in delivering stringiness, and the challenges faced therein have been reviewed. Thus, the review provides a foundation for the development of vegan cheese or plant-based cheese with stringiness properties.

Lithology Of Geothermal Potential Areas Using The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Method

The rock lithology of the potential hydrothermal area has been studied using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) in Pungguk Pedaro Village, Bingin Kuning District, Lebong Regency. Field data acquisition uses a stretch length of 480 meters with the MAE X612-EM Geoelectric tool that forms a straight line. ERT method, using Res2dinvx64 software. This study aims to determine the subsurface conditions of the potential hydrothermal area and the characteristics of the rocks that make up the hydrothermal area. The results of this study can be concluded that Pungguk Pedaro Village is dominated by Clay, Sandstone, Sandy Gravel, Andesite, Basalt, and Granite rocks. Line 1 has no potential for hydrothermal distribution because there has been a mixture of hydrothermal water with mountain water, so only groundwater is obtained on this line.

The effect of topical magnesium on healing of pre-clinical burn wounds

BackgroundMagnesium (Mg) is an essential factor in the healing process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Mg creams on healing burn wounds in the rat model. MethodsTo induce burns under general anaesthesia, a 2 × 2 cm2, 100 °C plate was placed for 12 s between the scapulas in 100 male adult Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 20); positive control (induced burn without treatment); vehicle control (received daily Eucerin cream base topically); comparative control (induced burn and treated daily with Alpha burn cream topically); Treatment 1 and 2 (received daily Mg cream 2% and 4% topically, respectively). All animals were bled for hematological assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) and TNF-α and sacrificed on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21 after interventions for biomechanical, histological, and stereological studies. ResultsStereologically speaking, in treatment groups an increase in dermal collagen volume and fibroblasts was noticed. In treatment groups, the length of vessels, angiogenesis, and skin stretch increased, but the wound area, MDA, and TNF-α level decreased. ConclusionMg cream was effective in healing burns.

Fiber Bragg grating sensor combined with silicone compliant cylinder for orientation identification of three-component geophone

Three-component geophone rotates randomly during oil and gas exploration, which is difficult to orient. There is a severe impact on the subsequent stratigraphic inversion. By fixing the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to the three-component geophone, the twist angle is the same. The rotation angle of the three-component geophone can be obtained by measuring the twist angle of the FBG sensor. However, the three-component geophone below the FBG sensor stretches the FBG sensor. Therefore, avoiding the effect of tensile strain on the torsional strain, requires simultaneous inversion of the twist angle and stretch length of the FBG sensor. This paper introduces an FBG sensor with simultaneous inversion of torsion angle and tensile length. The sensor consists of two FBGs embedded in the spiral groove of the compliant cylinder. Firstly, the sensing principle of the FBG sensor is analyzed, and developed FBG sensing model for tensile–torsional strain, including FBG by tilting arrangement, the extension of the tensile strain range of the FBG sensor was realized. Secondly, it describes the fabrication process of the FBG sensor, including loading the FBG with pre-stress, making the FBG sensor realize the extension of the torsion angle range. Next, the convenience of inversion is realized by averaging the calibrated strain transfer coefficients. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of this bidirectional helical fiber design and sensing technology, simultaneous torsion and tension tests were conducted on FBG sensors. The experimental results show that the sensor achieves simultaneous torsion angle and tensile length inversion. The maximum torsion angle of the inversion is 180°. The maximum stretch length of the inversion is 10 mm.