Large macroporous structures of permeable asphalt pavement made high-viscosity asphalt (HVA) more susceptible to aging and failure. However, the standard pressure aging vessel (PAV) test was difficult to accurately emulate the long-term aging behavior of HVA. Hence, 1–5PAV aging levels of two HVAs (i.e. HVA-1 and HVA-2) were emulated by the simple aging test (SAT). Rheological analysis indicated that asphalt oxidation consistently dominated regardless of the long-term aging levels of HVAs. Combined with the fluorescence microscopy observation, HVA-2 with meticulous and uniform granular distribution was more resistant to aging than HVA-1 with coarse and continuously strip-like structures. Stress-strain curve analysis in linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test revealed that the accumulated strain energy (ASE) representing the overall mechanical properties of HVAs first increased and then decreased as the long-term aging level grew. The continuous repeated LAS (RLAS) test further reflected that the yield stress, yield strain and ASE of HVAs gradually decreased as the LAS loading number increased at initial long-term aging states; but as the sustained growth of aging level, the stress-strain curve of HVAs become increasingly chaotic until remarkable strain hardening occurred. Furthermore, RLAS-based self-healing (RLASSH) test was developed by introducing intermittent time into RLAS test. The variation of ratio of ASE decrease can characterize the self-healing performance of HVAs. RLASSH test showed that the self-healing performance of HVAs was unstable at 1–3PAV aging level, and the HVAs with 4 or 5PAV aging levels completely lost their self-healing performance. Overall, with the increase in long-term aging levels, significant differences were observed in the evolution characteristics of morphology, rheology and self-healing performances of different HVAs. This study helps to understand the rheology and self-healing performance evolution pattern of HVA during long-term service.