Stress Reduction Techniques Research Articles

Premenstrual Syndrome: An Overview of the Review Analysis, and Potential Role of Herbal and Dietary Supplements

: A premenstrual syndrome is a group of regular physiological, mental, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that appear periodically in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and they vanish quickly with the beginning of menstruation or a few days afterward. Thus, severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects 5–8% of women; the majority of these individuals also match the factors for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Premenstrual syndrome typically includes physical problems like headache, tiredness, indigestion, insomnia, nausea, and breast tenderness as well as symptoms associated with emotions (mood swings, anxiousness, and aggressiveness). Although the true mechanism of PMS is unknown, a number of theories point to increased sensitivity to typical hormonal changes and imbalances in neurotransmitters. A multidisciplinary team using an integrative holistic approach in the direction of an individualized strategy gradually manages PMS. The first phase entails educating women about PMS, self-screening, herbs like St John’s Wort, chaste berry, saffron; ginkgo biloba; chamomile, evening primrose, turmeric and so on, various nutrition supplements as Vitamin B6; calcium; magnesium and lifestyle adjustments like dietary modifications; exercise; yoga; sleep hygiene. The second step involves implementing various relaxation therapies, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), stress reduction techniques, and acupuncture. The available treatment as various drugs like SSRIs; serotonergic antidepressants; anxiolytics and hormonal therapy that are used currently to treat PMS, exhibits unwanted side effects. Therefore, this issue and other similar gynecological conditions have been discussed and managed with herbal medicines and other natural solutions in this comprehensive piece of work.

Factors Influencing The Usage of Stress Relief Applications: From The Psychological Perspective

Stress remains one of the most difficult challenges in responding to various situations. It elicits negative thoughts and feelings in the person. Counseling, training, exercise, and other methods effectively reduce stress. However, with the advancement of technology, different approaches to dealing with it have emerged. One of the types of digital health applications was stress relief applications. This application was starting to become famous as an alternative to help individuals manage their stress levels. Numerous stress-management or stress-relief applications are available for smartphones and tablets. These applications include a variety of stress-reduction techniques, including meditation, mindfulness breathing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and relaxation techniques. This review paper explores the psychological factors influencing the usage of stress relief applications. In this review paper, researchers focused on perceived stress, motivation for self-care, and cognitive engagement. Understanding these psychological factors can help the individual experiencing high stress levels to utilize the stress relief application. Besides, for the application developers, it gives the idea to create compelling digital tools that cater to users' specific needs and preferences, ultimately promoting better stress management and overall well-being.

Analysing the Factors Impacting the Mindfulness and Wellbeing of Faculty Members of Arts and Science Self-Financing Colleges in Kerala

Teaching in the modern academic environment is more complex, which makes it necessary to examine the challenges Kerala’s self-finance institutions arts and science institutes’ staff members are experiencing. This study investigates workplace stress among academic staff in self-financing arts and science institutes in Kerala. It analyses stress management techniques, including wellbeing initiatives and emotional intelligence training, and identifies the main stressors based on knowledge management (KM). The goal of the study is to improve faculty members’ performance and wellbeing in these institutions by providing information regarding relevant stress-reduction techniques that are specific to KM. The factors causing workplace stress have been measured as (a) demographic factors, (b) institutional factors and (c) psychological factors. Also, the stress management activities for the faculty members were considered a wellbeing programme, emotional intelligence, training and development. Initially, data collection was performed and 156 faculty members worked in arts and science self-financing colleges of the Kerala district. For a survey, in accordance with the proposed hypothesis, a systematic questionnaire has been created and sent to the faculty members who operate in Kerala. Moreover, statistical tests were performed on the gathered data using structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques. This investigation has revealed the characteristics that affect the faculty and staff working for an organisation in terms of workplace stress and excellent fit. The findings reveal that demographic demographics, institutional issues and stress management strategies influence faculty members in Kerala’s arts and self-finance colleges.

Investigating the impact of lifestyle factors on kidney patients: insights from epidemiological studies

This paper investigates the impact of lifestyle factors on kidney patients, drawing insights from various epidemiological studies. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a global health concern, with millions affected worldwide, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of modifiable risk factors that can influence the onset and progression of the disease. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and stress management play a crucial role in either exacerbating or mitigating the risk of kidney disease. Through an examination of key epidemiological studies, this paper explores how these factors contribute to kidney health and disease management. Research indicates that diets high in sodium and protein, particularly from animal sources, are associated with worsening kidney function, whereas plant-based diets, low in sodium, may have protective effects. Similarly, regular physical activity has been shown to improve kidney function, while a sedentary lifestyle may lead to its decline. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption have long been identified as significant contributors to the progression of CKD, as epidemiological studies reveal a clear link between these behaviors and kidney health deterioration. In addition to physical health factors, the paper highlights the importance of mental health, noting that stress and psychological well-being can also affect kidney function, with chronic stress contributing to poor outcomes in patients with kidney disease. Based on these findings, the paper discusses potential lifestyle modification strategies that could serve as preventive and management tools for kidney patients. These include dietary interventions, tailored exercise programs, smoking cessation, reduced alcohol consumption, and stress reduction techniques.

Lifestyle medicine program for patients with breast cancer at Kaiser Permanente Oakland.

359 Background: Patients with breast cancer can benefit from comprehensive care strategies beyond conventional treatments. At Kaiser Permanente East Bay (KPEB), 350-400 patients are diagnosed with breast cancer annually, many seeking lifestyle changes to improve their prognosis. The KPEB Lifestyle Medicine Program aims to improve recovery and overall well-being through evidence-based lifestyle interventions. Methods: The KPEB Lifestyle Medicine Program is founded on evidence-based interventions focusing on nutrition, physical activity, stress management, sleep, substance use, and social support. Led by a multidisciplinary team, the program ran from September 29 to November 17, 2022, featuring 8 weekly 1-1.5 hour virtual classes. The program enrolled 18 patients under 60 years of age with stage I-III breast cancer who completed active treatment. Topics covered in the program included nutritional counseling, exercise regimens, stress reduction techniques, sleep guidance, support for managing substance use, and fostering social connections. Additional topics included sexual health, anti-hormonal medication side effects, menopause, and mindfulness. Restorative yoga and cooking classes were also offered and participants formed personal groups for connection outside class. Patients had virtual one-on-one appointments with a physician before, midway, immediately after, and six months post-program, followed annually by the survivorship clinic. Blood work (HbA1c, cholesterol) was conducted before and six months after program completion. Results: Of the n=18 participants, 1 participant dropped out before the first class, and 1 participant attended only 1 class. On average, attendance was 90%, with 90% of participants extremely satisfied with the program and 80% reporting increased confidence in applying course learnings. The class on sexual health and managing side effects of anti-hormonal medications and menopause was the most well-received. Patients were metabolically healthy at program entry and exit, with significant LDL improvement (average LDL: entry = 100, exit = 83). Average HbA1c remained stable (entry = 5.52, exit = 5.57). Conclusions: The KPEB Lifestyle Medicine Program was well-attended, effectively addressed the needs of breast cancer patients, and enhanced overall health. Further research will explore longer-term benefits and broader application in oncology care.

THE ROLE OF LIFESTYLE-RELATED TREATMENTS FOR IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

Introduction: The role of diet and lifestyle in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) mainly involves alleviating symptoms and improving the quality of life for patients. Diet plays a significant role through the identification and avoidance of trigger foods, the introduction of an appropriate amount of fiber, and adherence to specific guidelines. Lifestyle, including regular physical activity, stress reduction techniques, and healthy sleep habits, also contributes to the reduction of bowel discomfort. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between diet and lifestyle, and the occurrence and course of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Material and Methods of Research: A literature review focused on keywords related to the topic was performed using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as textbooks and articles on websites. Results: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. Dietary modifications, such as a lowFODMAP diet, and lifestyle factors, including physical activity levels, stress management, and meal regularity, significantly influence the course of the disease. There are gender differences in symptomatology and psychosocial impact as well as gender-specific responses to pharmaceutical treatments. Ongoing research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying IBS and to optimize therapeutic strategies. Conclusion: The effectiveness of IBS therapy requires a comprehensive approach that includes dietary modifications, increased daily physical activity, learning to manage emotions, and regular collaboration with a doctor. Understanding and implementing these elements are crucial for effectively alleviating symptoms and improving the functioning of patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Peculiarities of approaches to the treatment of arterial hypertension in the Maldives in the practice of general practitioners from the point of view of evidence-based medicine

Background: Arterial Hypertension (AH), commonly known as high blood pressure, is a significant chronic condition affecting millions globally and is a primary cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the Maldives, the management of AH by general practitioners (GPs) is crucial due to its high prevalence and associated health complications. This study examines the approaches of GPs in treating AH, emphasizing evidence-based medicine (EBM) to ensure effective management and prevention strategies. Methods and Materials: The study involves a comprehensive review of current evidence-based methods used for AH management in the Maldives. It focuses on lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, increased physical activity, stress reduction techniques, and pharmacotherapy. Data were collected through clinical guidelines, patient records, and interviews with GPs to understand the practical application of these methods in Maldivian healthcare settings. Results: The findings indicate that lifestyle modifications, including healthier diets and increased physical activity, are critical in managing AH. Traditional Maldivian diets and community-based exercise programs play significant roles. Pharmacotherapy, involving antihypertensive medications, is essential but faces challenges such as limited access and patient adherence. GPs also highlighted the importance of stress reduction techniques and individualized treatment plans tailored to patient needs and cultural sensitivities. Conclusion: Effective management of AH in the Maldives requires a multifaceted approach combining evidence-based medical practices with local context sensitivity. GPs play a pivotal role in diagnosing, treating, and educating patients about AH. Addressing socioeconomic barriers, enhancing healthcare resources, and promoting cultural competence are essential for improving AH management and overall public health

The influence of work-related stress on emotional and psychological well-being and performance of secondary school leadership in Vulindlela Circuit

The problem this study investigated was high rates of school leaders’ work-related stress results with mental illness and death. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the influence of work-related stress on emotional and psychological well-being and performance of school leaders in Vulindlela Circuit. The study was premised within interpretivism, and we used interviews qualitative technique, to elicit data from 25 secondary school leaderships about their reflections and experiences with work-related stress. The interview transcripts were analysed using NVivo version 14, a program for qualitative data analysis, analyzing the reoccurring themes and patterns of the study, supplemented with narratives. The study discovered that role conflict, role ambiguity, and overload were common workplace stressors affecting the emotional and psychological well-being of school leaderships. The findings are important because they will serve as awareness and mitigation of school leaders’ work-related stress. The study recommends the rolling out of tailormade wellness programmes that will promote mental wellness, and support well-being and stress-reduction techniques through greater task clarity. This study contributes education research on school leadership workplace stressors in Vulindlela Circuit and larger South African context, by laying the groundwork for future studies on interventions to improve school leaderships' performance and well-being.

The role of exposure to nature in perceived stress by veterinary students

Veterinary school is intense and represents a challenging time for students, and increasingly, veterinary students are being diagnosed with a variety of concerning mental health issues including stress, anxiety, and depression, often resulting in poor academic performance. Because of the disproportionately high risk of mental health problems in the veterinary field, it is important that students learn, understand, and utilize simple and effective techniques to cope with stress, and demands of the profession. Spending time in natural environments such as outdoor parks, green spaces, and urban forests is an effective strategy for improving mental health. In this study, we examined the self-reported effects of repeated, structured time in a nature-based intervention, vs a control group of veterinary students. Participants reported significantly lower perceived stress levels compared to a control group. Students overwhelmingly reported that they would recommend this stress reduction technique to their classmates, and they stated that they planned to continue spending time in nature to improve their mindset and reduce stress in the future.

Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome and Stroke

This review explores the multifaceted strategies to mitigate the risk of cerebrovascular impairment in young adults recovering from COVID-19. The pandemic has illuminated an increased incidence of stroke in populations traditionally considered at lower risk, underscoring the need for targeted preventative measures. Given the complex interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and stroke risk, this article synthesizes current evidence and recommendations across lifestyle modifications, medical interventions, and proactive health monitoring. Key recommendations include adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and implementing stress reduction techniques. The management of existing cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes, is emphasized as crucial for minimizing stroke risk post-COVID. Moreover, education on recognizing stroke symptoms is vital for ensuring timely medical response. The review also discusses the importance of avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol intake, and, for specific high-risk individuals, the judicious use of anticoagulants. Regular medical follow-ups for monitoring post-COVID symptoms and addressing any ongoing complications are advocated to identify and manage potential risks early. In conclusion, a comprehensive approach involving lifestyle changes, vigilant management of pre-existing conditions, education on stroke symptoms, and regular healthcare engagement is essential for reducing the risk of cerebrovascular events in young adults recovering from COVID-19. This review underscores the importance of continued research and public health advocacy in addressing the long-term effects of the pandemic on cerebrovascular health.

Charting Wellness in India: Piloting the iTHRIVE's Functional Nutrition Approach to Improve Glycaemic and Inflammatory Parameters in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by elevation of blood glucose levels due to underlying insulin resistance and inflammation. Multiple modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy dietary habits, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking and psychological stress contribute toT2DM. Weinvestigated the efficacy of a comprehensive functional nutrition approach aimed at mitigating T2DMusing the iTHRIVE approach which encompassed anti-inflammatory and elimination diets, micronutrient supplements, physical activity, stress managementand environmental modifications through a pre-post study design. The research assessed changes in blood glucose and inflammatory markers following the implementation of thefunctional nutrition program. Methods A prospective pre-post intervention pilot study was conducted at ThriveTribe Wellness Solutions Pvt Ltd. (iTHRIVE), where 50 study participants from urban areas of Pune city, India(n=25 each group) were recruited voluntarily in the age group of 20-60 years. The participants were subjected to 90 days of the iTHRIVE functional nutrition approach which consisted of eliminating certain inflammatory foods and adding a combination of nutritious organic foods, adding dietary supplements like magnesium, vitamin D, alpha lipoic acid, chromium picolinate, berberine and biogymnema, physical activities like resistance training, stress reduction techniques like meditation and deep breathing exercises along with environmental changes. The blood parameters like fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting serum insulin, post-prandial serum insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), vitamin D, body weight and waist circumference were measured before and after the intervention. The changes were statistically analyzed using a paired t-test. Results The mean age of the participants was found to be 43.76±10.58 years. Around 68%of the participants were prediabetic (HbA1c: 5.7-6.4%) and 32% had T2DM (HbA1c ≥6.5%). A significant reduction was observed in the average HbA1c (13.75% reduction, p<0.0001), average post-prandial blood glucose levels (14.51% reduction, p<0.048), average post-prandial serum insulin (34.31% reduction, p<0.017) and average ESR levels (34.51% reduction, p<0.006). The hs-CRP levels were reduced by 6.6%, but not statistically significant. The average body weight of the participants dropped from 78.59±15.18 kg to 75.20±14.20 kg with a mean loss of 2.91 kg (p<0.05) whereas the waist circumference decreased from 37.54±5.09 to 35.97±4.74 inches with an average loss of 1.19 inches (p<0.0004). Conclusions Following the intervention, several health indicators indicated significant improvements. Particularly, there was a significant drop in HbA1c levels, suggesting better long-term blood glucose control. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels after a meal dropped significantly, indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity. There was a decrease in systemic inflammation as evidenced by the decreasein ESR levels. These results imply that the iTHRIVE functional nutrition approach used in this investigation might be beneficial for enhancing glycemic controland insulin sensitivity, along with reducing inflammatory markers in people with prediabetes and T2DM. Larger sample sizes and longer periods of monitoring would be useful in subsequent research to validate and build on these encouraging findings.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression among High School Students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Background: Depression in high school students is a common mental health problem and requires evaluation for early intervention. The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of depression symptoms and associated characteristics among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled participants between February 2022 and June 2022. The instrument utilized was a questionnaire of socioeconomic-demographic variables, educational characteristics, and the self-reported depression scale obtained from the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D). Results: 384 high school students (165 males and 219 females) were questioned. The CES-D had a mean score of 17.3, with 57.6% of participants reporting depressed symptoms. The frequency was 63.3% among male students (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.19-2.83, p = .005). Multiple logistic regression revealed that adolescents with poor health, weak friendships, limited participation in school activities, family problems, financial worries, and negative educational environments were significantly more likely to experience depressive symptoms (odds ratios ranging from 1.60 to 9.97, confidence intervals spanning 1.03 to 78.05, and p-values from &lt;.001 to .044). Conclusion: The study emphasized the necessity of health promotion programs that target mental health awareness, improve social support networks, and introduce stress reduction techniques in schools to reduce the prevalence of depression among teenagers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Academic Stress and Resilience as Predictors of Pro-Social Behaviour among Undergraduates of Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko

The problems of pro-social behavior among individuals have been in existence from the recorded history. Studies that have investigated pro-social behavior have used different predictors and populations with varied results. Therefore, this study investigated academic stress and resilience as predictors of pro-social behavior among first year undergraduates of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. The study adopted cross-sectional survey design while convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from 219 participants using the Pro-social Behavior Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Resilience Scale. Data collected were analyzed using multiple regressions to test three hypotheses which were accepted at a p &lt; .05 level of significance. The result showed that academic stress and resilience jointly predicted pro-social behavior among study participants [R2 =.10, F (2,216) =11.88, p &lt; .05]. In addition, academic stress (β= -.26, p &lt; .05) independently predicted pro-social behavior while resilience did not independently predict pro-social behavior among study participants (β = .12, p &gt; .05). The study concluded that academic stress is a strong predictor of pro-social behavior among study participants. It is recommended that university management and other stakeholders should organize regular seminars on stress reduction techniques that would encourage activities that would lead to pro-social behavior among undergraduates.

Acceptability and Effectiveness of a Dementia-Care Program Delivered by Community-Based Agency Staff.

Few proven dementia-care programs are integrated into community-based agencies. We report on theacceptability and effectiveness of an evidence-based program, Care of People in their Environment (COPE), delivered by community-based agency staff. Pretest/post-test design with 3 data points (baseline, 3-month program completion, 6-month follow-up). COPE was delivered by 6 occupational therapists and 4 social workers at 2 agency sites with people living with dementia and caregivers. Staff assessed the interests and abilities of people living with dementia, home safety, caregiver challenges, and readiness to learn strategies. Staff provided dementia education, stress reduction, and nonpharmacological techniques tailored to caregiver-identified challenges. Acceptability (3- and 6-months), included completed sessions, upset with and confidence managing care challenges, strategies used, and program satisfaction. Effectiveness (3- and 6-months) included people living with dementia's health events (falls, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and 911 calls), rehospitalization risk and functional dependence; and caregiver well-being and readiness. Benefits by in-person (n = 188) versus virtual/hybrid (n = 46) delivery due to Coronavirus Disease-2019 were evaluated. Of 843 dyads screened, 271 (32.1%) enrolled, 246 (90.8%) completed COPE, and 234 (95.1%) completed ≥1 follow-up. Regarding acceptability, caregivers completed about 8 sessions, reported improved confidence and upset (p < .001), most implemented strategies 3-months (72.8%) and 6-months (83.5%), and expressed high program satisfaction. For effectiveness, compared to baseline, odds of people living with dementia's health events were lower including rehospitalization risk, although functional dependence increased; caregiver well-being (3-, 6-months, p < .001) and readiness (3-months, p < .01) improved. Outcomes did not differ by delivery mode. Acceptability and effectiveness were strong. COPE resulted in tangible improvements for families regardless of delivery mode.

A Web-Based Intervention to Support the Mental Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Minority Young People: Mixed Methods Co-Design of Oneself.

Sexual and gender minority youth are at greater risk of compromised mental health than their heterosexual and cisgender peers. This is considered to be due to an increased burden of stigma, discrimination, or bullying resulting in a heightened experience of daily stress. Given the increasing digital accessibility and a strong preference for web-based support among sexual and gender minority youth, digital interventions are a key means to provide support to maintain their well-being. This paper aims to explicate the co-design processes and underpinning logic of Oneself, a bespoke web-based intervention for sexual and gender minority youth. This study followed a 6-stage process set out by Hagen et al (identify, define, position, concept, create, and use), incorporating a systematic scoping review of existing evidence, focus groups with 4 stakeholder groups (ie, sexual and gender minority youth, professionals who directly support them, parents, and UK public health service commissioners), a series of co-design workshops and web-based consultations with sexual and gender minority youth, the appointment of a digital development company, and young adult sexual and gender minority contributors to create content grounded in authentic experiences. Oneself features a welcome and home page, including a free accessible to all animation explaining the importance of using appropriate pronouns and the opportunity to create a user account and log-in to access further free content. Creating an account provides an opportunity (for the user and the research team) to record engagement, assess users' well-being, and track progress through the available content. There are three sections of content in Oneself focused on the priority topics identified through co-design: (1) coming out and doing so safely; (2) managing school, including homophobic, biphobic, or transphobic bullying or similar; and (3) dealing with parents and families, especially unsupportive family members, including parents or caregivers. Oneself's content focuses on identifying these as topic areas and providing potential resources to assist sexual and gender minority youth in coping with these areas. For instance, Oneself drew on therapeutic concepts such as cognitive reframing, stress reduction, and problem-solving techniques. There is also a section containing relaxation exercises, a section with links to other recommended support and resources, and a downloads section with more detailed techniques and strategies for improving well-being. This study contributes to research by opening up the black box of intervention development. It shows how Oneself is underpinned by a logic that can support future development and evaluation and includes diverse co-designers. More interactive techniques to support well-being would be beneficial for further development. Additional content specific to a wider range of intersecting identities (such as care-experienced Asian sexual and gender minority youth from a minority faith background) would also be beneficial in future Oneself developments. RR2-10.2196/31036.

Low back pain, work overload, and associated factors among hospital caregivers.

Caregivers assist patients in treatment based on their care needs and living activities. Very few studies have been conducted specifically on the occupational health and safety of hospital caregivers. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of excessive workload and low back pain among hospital caregivers and to identify potential associated factors. This cross-sectional study included caregivers working at Gazi University Hospital. Socio-demographic and working-life characteristics were assessed. The Role Overload Scale was used to determine excessive workload and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire was used to evaluate low back pain. The study included 528 participants. A total of 18.7% had work accidents in their department. 49.0% had sharp injuries. 68.9% of the participants performed tasks such as positioning, turning, lifting, or helping patients to walk. 72.2% stood for a long time during the workday. 52.8% thought that they worked under stress. 57.6% had low back pain in the last year and 38.6% in the last month, Significant differences exist in low back pain according to gender, body-mass index, standing for a long time and working under stress. Those who worked at night, had a work accident, positioned patients, stood for a long time, and worked under stress had higher mean scores on the Role Overload Scale. Tools should be used to lift and transport patients. In addition to occupational health and safety training, awareness of musculoskeletal risks should be increased. Employee well-being can be improved through exercise and stress reduction techniques.

Workplace Stress, Social Support and Coping Strategy as Predictors of Mental Well-Being among Nurses in Ibadan

This study examines workplace stress, social support and coping strategy as predictors of mental well-being among nurses in Ibadan North Local Government (LGA) Oyo State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted while purposive sampling technique was used to select the LGA. Data were collected using validated scales from 163 participants and analyzed using zero-order correlation statistics and multiple regression analysis to test four hypotheses which were accepted at p &lt; .05 level of significance. The result revealed that significant others support and friends social support independently predicted mental well-being among nurses among study participants. Furthermore, coping strategy and workplace stress independently predicted mental well-being among nurses in the study population. Finally, workload stress, social support and coping strategy jointly predicted mental well-being among study participants. The study concluded that workplace stress, social support and coping strategy are robust predictors of mental well-being among nurses. It is recommended that management of health institutions should integrate training and education programmers that focus on coping strategy and stress reduction techniques that foster positive relationships with friends and significant others to enhance mental well-being among nurse’s workforce.

EXPLORING AYURVEDIC APPROACHES TO LOW BACK PAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Introduction:Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder affecting individuals worldwide, causing significant disability and healthcare burden. While conventional treatments focus on symptomatic relief, Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic approach that addresses the root cause of LBP. This comprehensive review aims to explore Ayurvedic perspectives, diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and herbal formulations for managing LBP. Ayurvedic Perspective:Ayurveda views LBP as a manifestation of imbalances in the Tridosha (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and the Saptadhatus (seven body tissues). Vata dosha vitiation is predominantly implicated in LBP, leading to symptoms such as stiffness, spasms, and radiating pain. Pitta and Kapha imbalances may exacerbate inflammation and structural degeneration, respectively. Ayurvedic diagnosis of LBP involves assessing the individuals Prakriti (constitutional type), Vikriti (current imbalance), Agni (digestive fire), and Srotas (channels of circulation). Diagnostic Methods:Ayurvedic physicians employ a combination of clinical examination, palpation, and pulse diagnosis (Nadi Pariksha) to assess the underlying doshic imbalances and identify the specific etiology of LBP. Various factors such as lifestyle habits, occupation, dietary patterns, and psychological stressors are taken into account during the assessment. Therapeutic Interventions:Ayurvedic management of LBP is multifaceted, aiming to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, restore musculoskeletal integrity, and prevent recurrence. Therapeutic interventions include: Panchakarma: Detoxification therapies such as Basti (medicated enema), Abhyanga (oil massage), and Swedana (herbal steam therapy) are utilized to eliminate ama (toxins) and pacify aggravated doshas. Ayurvedic Medications: Herbal formulations containing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and muscle-relaxant herbs like Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Guggulu (Commiphora wightii), and Shallaki (Boswellia serrata) are prescribed to manage pain and inflammation. Yoga and Pranayama: Specific yoga asanas (postures) and pranayama (breathing exercises) are recommended to improve flexibility, strengthen the back muscles, and enhance prana (vital energy) flow to the affected area. Dietary Modifications: Dietary recommendations include consuming warm, light, and easily digestible foods, emphasizing anti-inflammatory spices like turmeric, ginger, and cinnamon, and avoiding cold, heavy, and processed foods that may aggravate Vata dosha. Lifestyle Management: Adopting a balanced daily routine (Dinacharya), practicing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation and mindfulness, and maintaining proper posture and ergonomics are crucial for long-term management of LBP. Clinical Evidence:Several clinical studies have investigated the efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in LBP management. A randomized controlled trial comparing Ayurvedic treatment with conventional therapy demonstrated significant improvements in pain relief, functional disability, and quality of life among participants receiving Ayurvedic intervention. Furthermore, observational studies have reported favorable outcomes with Panchakarma therapies and herbal formulations in reducing pain intensity and enhancing mobility in patients with chronic LBP. Safety and Considerations:While Ayurvedic interventions are generally considered safe when administered under the guidance of a qualified practitioner, certain precautions should be observed. Individualized treatment plans based on the patients constitution, doshic imbalance, and overall health status are essential to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize potential adverse effects. Additionally, close monitoring and periodic reassessment are necessary to track progress and adjust treatment as needed. Conclusion:Ayurveda offers a holistic and individualized approach to managing low back pain, addressing not only the symptoms but also the underlying imbalances contributing to the condition. By incorporating Panchakarma therapies, herbal formulations, dietary modifications, and lifestyle interventions, Ayurvedic treatment aims to restore harmony within the body, promote self-healing, and prevent recurrence of LBP. Further research and collaboration between Ayurvedic and conventional healthcare systems are warranted to validate the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic interventions and enhance their integration into mainstream healthcare for comprehensive LBP management.

IJCM_343A: Mindful Beginnings: Evaluating the Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Mental Health and Academic Performance in First-Year Medical Students- A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The demanding nature of medical education poses unique challenges to the mental health and academic performance of first-year medical students. The transition into the rigorous medical curriculum, coupled with the high-stakes environment of healthcare, often leads to increased stress levels and potential negative impacts on well-being. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has emerged as a promising intervention to address these challenges. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Mental health and Academic performance of first-year medical students in a teaching medical institute by randomized controlled trial (RCT) Methodology: An RCT was conducted from May 2023 to July 2023, involving first-year medical students in a self-financing medical college. A total of 227 students participated, randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which underwent an eight-week MBSR program incorporating mindfulness meditation and stress reduction techniques, or the control group, receiving conventional medical education without mindfulness training. Data collection for both pre-and post-tests utilized a comprehensive questionnaire-based interview, incorporating validated instruments such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive and Inferential statistics will be applied to compare outcomes between the intervention and control groups, with statistical significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: A total of 227 students participated, with 110 in the control arm and 117 in the intervention arm. Further data analysis is currently in progress and will be presented during the upcoming presentation. Conclusion: Stress is prevalent in medical students and has adverse effects on students mental health. Mindfulness practice has wide-ranging positive effects and would be beneficial as a stress reduction and preventative mental health intervention.

Effectiveness of an abbreviated version of the automated attention training technique (ATT) for stress reduction in a non-clinical sample—A randomized controlled trial

Stress is one of the leading risk factors for mental health problems. The attention training technique (ATT), developed in the context of metacognitive therapy, is a method for increasing flexible control of attention and might thus reduce the impact of stressful events on mental health. Developed as a 12-min exercise, ATT is primarily used in a clinical context. To ensure low-threshold implementation by the general population in everyday life, we developed an abbreviated 5-min version of the ATT. The present study examined the effectiveness of this abbreviated ATT in reducing stress in a three-armed randomized controlled trial by comparing the abbreviated version (ATTabbr; n = 74) with the long version (ATTlong; n = 67) and a waitlist control group (WCG; n = 77) in a non-clinical sample. The primary outcome was change on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). In the intention-to-treat analysis of changes from baseline to follow-up, both the abbreviated ATT version and the long ATT version were superior to the WCG in the reduction of stress (d = 0.67 for the abbreviated version and d = 0.44 for the long version). From post to follow-up, reductions in stress were greater for the abbreviated version than the long version (d = 0.37). We also observed effects of both ATT versions on depression and anxiety but no effect on attention control, perseverative thinking, or quality of life. For the abbreviated version, we found preliminary evidence of a dose-response relationship. Participants with access to the abbreviated version conducted the training twice as often compared with those with access to the long version. These results suggest that the abbreviated version of the ATT is associated with greater adherence and possibly greater effects on stress than the long version. If these results are confirmed, the abbreviated version could be used to reduce stress and increase mental well-being in the general population.