Stress Management Skills Research Articles

The Impact of Sports Participation on College Students' Learning Outcomes: A Mixed Methods Study based on Multiple Campuses

Plato said: In order for humans to have a successful life, God provides two channels-education and sports. We are increasingly seeing that these two channels are complementary and indispensable. Modern neuroscience research shows that sports can have beneficial effects on brain structure and function, epigenetic regulation of brain tissue, cerebral cortex activity patterns and learning-related psychological factors, thereby improving students' cognitive abilities and academic performance. This study aims to explore the multifaceted effects of sports participation on college students' learning outcomes. A mixed research method was used to collect data in three different types of universities, including a questionnaire survey of 500 students and in-depth interviews with 20 students and 10 faculty members. Quantitative analysis showed that moderate sports participation was significantly related to better academic performance, higher mental health and stronger time management skills. However, excessive participation in physical activities may have a negative impact on study time. Qualitative data further revealed how sport participation enhanced students' self-confidence, teamwork and stress management skills. The study also found that the impact of sports participation varies depending on students' personal backgrounds and the characteristics of their universities. Based on the research results, this article puts forward practical suggestions to promote the balanced development of college students, providing a basis for higher education institutions to formulate relevant policies.

Designing a Prevention Skills Activity Module for Drug Trainees

Drug abuse affects all groups regardless of whether they are highly educated, professional, unemployed, or uneducated. This drug prevention skills activity module contains five skills, namely problem-solving skills, personality problem-solving skills, healthy lifestyle skills, self-adjustment skills, and stress management skills. Each skill is equipped with at least five activities to enable users of this module to gain skills and be able to apply them in their lives. This module provides benefits to prospective counselors and trainees because, from this activity, the trainees can understand the overall summary of the activities that have been carried out. It is hoped that this module is beneficial and can be applied to increase awareness of drug abuse in families and communities in this country.

Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Body-focused Repetitive Behaviors in Turkish Medical Students

Background/Aims: Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) such as skin-picking, trichotillomania, nail-picking, nail-biting, lip-biting and skin-biting have adverse physical and psychological effects. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of BFRBs in a sample of Turkish medical students. Methods: An online survey was used to investigate the prevalence of six BFRBs —skin-picking, trichotillomania, nail-biting, nail-picking, lip-biting and skin-biting-- and psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, stress levels, impulsivity and difficulties in emotional regulation (DER) in a sample of 200 medical students. Skin Picking Scale-Revised (SPS-R), Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–Short Form and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale—Brief Form and specific questions for four BFRBs (nail-picking, nail-biting, lip biting and skin biting) were administered. Results: The prevalence of at least one BFRB disorder was 28.0% (n=56). The most common diagnoses were skin-picking (17.0%) and trichotillomania (10.5%), followed by skin-picking (9.0%), lip biting (8.5%), nail-picking (7%) and nail-biting (5.0%). The gender difference was found only in skin-picking disorders (females=22.9%; males=8.5%). Students with BFRB disorder (n=56) were found to have higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, impulsivity and DER. Students in 2nd, 3rd and 5th grade are more likely to have BFRB disorders than interns. DER was a partial mediating variable between impulsivity and the presence of BFRB disorder. Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that BFRBs are common among medical students and that these behaviors are associated with psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, stress levels, impulsivity and difficulties in emotion regulation. Screening programs and intervention strategies for BFRBs in medical students should be developed, and it is recommended that psychological factors should be considered in these interventions, emotion regulation and stress management skills should be significantly improved, and comorbid depression and anxiety should be treated.

Predicting Pornography Use Based on Mental Health and Quality of Communication with Parents.

Pornography, encompassing explicit images, videos, audio, and written content, has adverse impacts on individuals' well-being. We aimed to explore the relationship between mental health and communication quality with parents and the use of pornography, considering the moderating effect of gender. Quantitative data collection and descriptive-correlation analysis were employed. The study included university students in Tehran, Iran during the 2021-2022 academic year. Through purposive sampling, 210 participants completed an online questionnaire on Porsline. The survey assessed pornography use, quality of communication with parents, and general health. SPSS 23 software facilitated correlation and hierarchical regression analysis. Gender significantly influenced pornography use (β=0.557). Anxiety symptoms (β=0.45) and social dysfunction (β=0.351) had significant positive effects on pornography use. Moreover, quality of relationships with parents, both mother (β=-0.47) and father (β=-0.27), exhibited negative associations with pornography use (P=0.01). High quality relationships with parents, lower anxiety and social dysfunction could potentially decrease the likelihood of pornography use on the internet. It is recommended that educational efforts and cultural interventions focus on protecting young adults from the negative effects of pornography use. Such interventions may include psychoeducational training on effective communication skills, mental health literacy, and stress management skills.

Enhancing school safety through psychological support: Key findings and strategies

A crucial aspect of creating a safe and supportive learning environment is the integration of psychological support to reduce school violence. Research highlights that school violence impacts not only students' physical safety but also their mental health and emotional development. Effective psychological support can play a pivotal role in preventing and mitigating violent behaviors by addressing underlying emotional difficulties and unresolved trauma. Key strategies include implementing early interventions through school psychologists and counselors, who offer individual and group counseling to help students manage conflicts and intense emotions constructively. Additionally, psychological support programs can improve the school climate through workshops on emotional intelligence, stress management, and social skills, fostering empathy and reducing conflicts. Integrating psychological services with other school resources, such as emotional education programs and violence prevention strategies, is essential. Collaboration among school psychologists, teachers, parents, and administrators ensures a holistic approach to violence prevention, considering all aspects of students' school lives. The research demonstrates that peer social support significantly mediates the relationship between school victimization and psychological health. Social support acts as a buffer, mitigating the negative effects of violence, and is crucial for students of all genders and ethnicities. Furthermore, family support is identified as a vital moderator, enhancing adolescent mental health despite exposure to violence. Psychological intervention strategies, such as establishing psychological warning systems and prevention mechanisms, are essential in proactively addressing violence. Schools should focus on creating a protective environment and integrating psychological strategies into broader prevention efforts. Continuous mental health education and a safe space for students to express concerns can significantly reduce violent behaviors and support a positive educational atmosphere.

How Teaching Air Traffic Control College Students About Stress Improves Stress Management

The modern, fast-paced lifestyle intertwined with intricate technological advancements can significantly contribute to stress levels, which can impede decision making and adversely affect action tasks. For Air Traffic Control (ATC) professionals, stress management (SM) skills are increasingly recognized as essential for success. The intent of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SM technique training to enhance knowledge about stress and to promote the use of SM techniques. Thirty-one participants from an aeronautical university were assigned to either an experimental group receiving SM training or a control group. A questionnaire assessing SM knowledge and use of SM techniques was administered pre-training, immediately after training, and several weeks after training. Participants in the experimental group showed an increase in SM knowledge and a willingness to use SM techniques, particularly rational self-talk, even weeks after the training. Thus, SM training can improve stress awareness for ATC students, potentially enhancing aviation safety.

Psychological Preconditions of Conflict Proneness of Personality and Mental Health: The Role of Self-Regulation, Emotional Intelligence and Mutual Understanding in The Context of Interpersonal Relations

This study aims at the investigation of psychological preconditions of conflict proneness in personality and mental health, with a specific focus on the roles of self-regulation, emotional intelligence, and mutual understanding. The research was oriented towards the application of qualitative methodology, particularly the analysis of transcripts of interview sessions. The findings showed that psychological preconditions of conflict proneness exist in professional, educational, and personal settings. Self-regulation, mutual understanding, and emotional intelligence were found to be important qualities which help to avoid conflicts. They contribute to increased motivation for conflict-less communication and interaction, cooperation, flexibility, improvement of active listening and problem solving, increased patience, formation of stress management skills, constructive feedback, reflective thinking, and building resilience. The special attention was paid towards the development of special strategies aimed at overcoming conflict proneness. The research findings demonstrated that the strategies include formation of communication skills, development of emotional intelligence and conflict management skills, improvement of active listening, building of stress management, development of team building activities, definition of responsibilities, creation of supporting environment, organization of immediate feedback, establishment of open communication, promotion of respect, creation of rituals, and encouragement of empathy. The outcomes can be used for the development of curriculum on the formation of conflict resolution skills.

From the latin "re-cordis, passing through the heart": autonomic modulation differentiates migraineurs from controls when recounting a significant life event.

The literature on clinical psychophysiology highlights the possibility of using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) as an index of psychophysical balance and resilience to stress. This study investigates the differences in stress reactivity and subsequent recovery between a group of migraineurs and healthy controls. Socio-demographic (i.e., sex, age, profession, marital status, and level of education) and psychophysiological (HR and HRV) measures of a group of thirty subjects with migraine (26 migraineurs without aura (86.7%), 2 migraineurs with aura (6.7%), and 2 migraineurs with and without aura (6.7%)) and from thirty healthy control subjects were collected. In particular, HRV was analyzed through frequency-domain parameters, including Low-Frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) and High-Frequency (HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz) bands as well as LF/HF ratio during a Psychophysiological Stress Profile (PSP) structured in seven phases: (1) Baseline, (2) Objective stressor 1 (Stroop Test), (3) Rest 1, (4) Objective stressor 2 (Mental Arithmetic Task), (5) Rest 2, (6) Subjective stressor (recount a significant life event), and (7) Rest 3. The LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio values were transformed into a logarithmic scale (i.e., log-LF, log-HF, and log LF/HF ratio). Additionally, LF and HF were converted into normalized units (0-100) (i.e., LF% and HF%) which, in turn, were used to obtain reactivity and recovery to stress through delta values (Δ) calculation. Subjects with migraine reported greater ΔLF% levels of reactivity and recovery to subjective stressor, demonstrating a prevalence of sympathetic activity while recounting a personal life event. At the same time, a lowering of the same values was found in the subjects of the group control. Our results underline the importance of conducting a psychophysiological assessment in patients with headaches because reduced stress management skills could influence the clinical manifestations of the disease, considering stress as one of the most common triggers for migraine patients.

Using RECAST theory to examine racial stress appraisal across high schools: Differences in racial threat and support

Data from 318 diverse high school students from three different types of high schools in the United States were collected. School types varied by location (e.g., suburban, urban), size, and student demographics (e.g., race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to examine the factor structure of the STRESS-Y. Mean comparisons were performed to assess variations in Racial Stress Appraisal across different school types. The EFA of the STRESS-Y confirmed its factor structure, supporting its validity as a measure of RSA in youth and we were able to extract two robust factors—Racial Threat Appraisal and Racial Support Appraisal. Mean comparisons revealed that Racial Threat Appraisal and Racial Support Appraisal varied across different school types, highlighting the influence of school context on students' experiences of racial stress. This study provides evidence for the validity of the STRESS-Y as a measure of Racial Stress Appraisal in youth. The findings demonstrate the importance of considering school type as a factor influencing students' experiences of racial stress as well as how support, racial coping, and stress management skills may help mitigate ongoing interpersonal harm that youth are experiencing. The validated measure and the understanding of the factors contributing to Racial Stress Appraisal can inform interventions aimed at supporting students in managing and coping with racial stressors in their respective school environments.

Relapses in Alcohol and Cocaine Dependence in Spousal Relationships: A Behavioral Assessment with Couple

Contingency analysis is a central concept and method in behavior analysis for understanding how the environment influences human behavior. In the treatment of chemical dependency, this analysis makes it possible to examine the functional relationships between antecedent stimuli, behaviors, and consequences (antecedent-behavior-consequence model) in order to understand and modify behavior. Through contingency analysis, professionals can personalize and adapt interventions according to the individual needs of substance-dependence patients, making it a fundamental tool in the multidisciplinary approach to relapse prevention. The purpose of this article is to conduct analyses of contingencies described in reports of relapse episodes of psychoactive substance use by individuals diagnosed with alcohol dependence and cocaine dependence, formally married, throughout their spousal behavioral histories. Based on detailed and systematic information about more than one case in comparison, contingency analyses of relapse episodes were conducted. The study sample consisted of four heterosexual couples (total N = 8), with one individual in the couple diagnosed with alcohol or cocaine dependence. The selection was made through the Rehabilitation Program of a Military Police Hospital located in Vitória/ES, Brazil. The analyses revealed common contingencies, including social pressure (from the friends' group with their invitations), negative emotional states (elicited by plans gone wrong, adverse conditions), and physiological dependence (craving, withdrawal syndrome, tolerance, and salience of use). The specificity of the spousal relationship provided the nuance for these contingencies, emphasizing the importance of therapeutic interventions with couples to assist in preventing relapses, including stress management skills, craving coping, conflict resolution, frustration tolerance, and communication.

Experiences of workplace conflicts by midwives and implications for their wellbeing in selected hospitals in the Northern Region of Ghana

AimConflicts are ubiquitous in human societies and manifest in varied forms and scales within societies, communities and organisations. While many studies have investigated workplace conflicts, least attention has been paid to how midwives differently experience these conflicts and the impacts of these conflicts on their wellbeing. This study fills this gap by investigating the multifaceted impact of workplace conflicts on the wellbeing of midwives. MethodThe study employed a purely qualitative approach within the analytical framework of the Stress Theory of organisational conflicts. Thirty-five participants were selected for the study through an expert purposive sampling technique. Interviews and Focus Group Discussions were used to collect primary data for the study. Collected data were analysed using an inductive thematic analytical technique. ResultsThe findings highlight the multifaceted impact of conflict on both the professional and personal well-being of midwives. Conflicts induce severe physical and psychological strains on midwives, generate fears, angst, and anxieties, and disrupt social harmony prompting exclusion and discrimination among midwives in the hospital. ConclusionWe argue that apart from task-demand generated stress, workplace conflicts prompt both physical and psychological stress on midwives which culminate into a myriad of physical, emotional, and mental health issues. Implication for PracticeInitiation of conflict resolution and mediation training programs for midwives so as to equip them with essential skills for effectively managing and resolving workplace conflicts. Setting up internal grievance mechanisms for midwives in their work places and training of midwives on social skills, and stress management skills.

A Study of Stress Management and Causes of Stress Among Youth

Stress represents a state of mental strain experienced by individuals due to challenges in their environment and social interactions, often leading to various health issues. Adolescence is a critical phase marked by significant life changes, during which young people are expected to excel in society. Therefore, they should develop effective stress management skills to ensure a healthy transition into adulthood. As young individuals navigate through this period, they encounter numerous adjustments in their lives, including new relationships, experiences, and responsibilities, contributing to their stress levels. Recognizing the sources of stress and learning coping mechanisms are crucial for their well-being. Studies reveal that stress among youth commonly stems from academic pressures, social relationships, life transitions, and career decisions, resulting in psychological, physical, and behavioral challenges. Addressing these stressors requires a focus on positive developmental approaches, fostering supportive environments, promoting outdoor activities, and minimizing negative influences on learning. These findings offer valuable insights for students, educators, counselors, and career advisors.

The Relationship between School Psychological Pressures and Time Management Skills among High-Achieving Students Owning Smartphones: A Field Study in Some Secondary Schools in M'Sila City

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between school-related psychological stress (dimensions, overall level) and time management skills among second-year secondary school students.

Assessing the efficacy and feasibility of emotional intelligence and stress management training for medical students within their third-year surgery clerkship

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a cognitive fitness training (CFT) program on the development of emotional intelligence and stress management skills in medical students during their 3rd year surgery clerkship. MethodsMS3s (n ​= ​80) were randomized into a training or control group. The training group received CFT during their clerkship, the control group received online access afterwards. A cognitive fitness (CF) assessment was administered before and after the clerkship. ResultsThe training group demonstrated a significant improvement in cumulative assessment scores (126.4–146.5, p ​< ​0.0001) and most dimensions of CF assessment. Integration of the curriculum did not adversely impact performance on surgery NBME or surgery OSCE when compared to control (p ​> ​0.05). ConclusionsThe CFT provided to MS3s resulted in significant improvements in CF, including most subcategories. The CFT also did not have an adverse impact on academic performance indicating its feasibility within medical education curricula.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS STYLES OF MANTRA CHANTING ON STUDENT’S COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE

Background: Mantra is a tool to enhance mood regulation, stress management skills, and concentration and awareness. Materials &amp; Methods: There were 35 participants including men and women between the age of 20 to 45 years, in the present study. They were all instructed to recite the "Mahamrityunjaya mantra (MM)" for ten days as an orientation programme. Cognitive tools such the Six Letter Cancellation Test (SLCT), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS) were used. These tools were used to evaluate all six sessions, including the baseline. On the first day of the program, all participants underwent a 10-day orientation, a seven-day washout period, and seven days of post-recording, which included loud chanting (LC), lips movement (LM), silent chanting (SC), audio listening (AL), and silent sitting (SS). As each session lasted 20 minutes, recordings were made for the post-assessment following the intervention for 20 minutes. Results: The Repeated measure ANOVA, Friedman test, and Wilcoxon signed ranked tests were done to analyse the data. The Mindfulness following mantra chanting was significantly higher during loud chanting (LC) (p&lt;0.05) compared to the silent chanting (SC) and the baseline. Also, the scores of digits backward (DB) were significantly higher in LC (p&lt;0.01), LM (p&lt;0.05), SC (p&lt;0.001), and AL (p&lt;0.01), compared to baseline. Conclusion: Results of the current study suggested that mindfulness prevails following the practice of LC and short-term memory following SC suggestive of more information processing in the amygdala, hippocampus, and pre-central cortex.

Video analysis of real-life shoulder dystocia to assess technical and non-technical performance.

Managing obstetric shoulder dystocia requires swift action using correct maneuvers. However, knowledge of obstetric teams' performance during management of real-life shoulder dystocia is limited, and the impact of non-technical skills has not been adequately evaluated. We aimed to analyze videos of teams managing real-life shoulder dystocia to identify clinical challenges associated with correct management and particular non-technical skills correlated with high technical performance. We included 17 videos depicting teams managing shoulder dystocia in two Danish delivery wards, where deliveries were initially handled by midwives, and consultants were available for complications. Delivery rooms contained two or three cameras activated by Bluetooth upon obstetrician entry. Videos were captured 5 min before and after activation. Two obstetricians assessed the videos; technical performances were scored as low (0-59), average (60-84), or high (85-100). Two other assessors evaluated non-technical skills using the Global Assessment of Team Performance checklist, scoring 6 (poor) to 30 (excellent). We used a spline regression model to explore associations between these two score sets. Inter-rater agreement was assessed using interclass correlation coefficients. Interclass correlation coefficients were 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.23-0.89) and 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.52-0.94) for clinical and non-technical performances, respectively. Two teams had low technical performance scores; four teams achieved high scores. Teams adhered well to guidelines, demonstrating limited head traction, McRoberts maneuver, and internal rotation maneuvers. Several clinical skills posed challenges, notably recognizing shoulder impaction, applying suprapubic pressure, and discouraging women from pushing. Two non-technical skills were associated with high technical performance: effective patient communication, with teams calming the mother and guiding her collaboration during internal rotational maneuvers, and situation awareness, where teams promptly mobilized all essential personnel (senior midwife, consultant, pediatric team). Team communication, stress management, and task management skills were not associated with high technical performance. Videos capturing teams managing real-life shoulder dystocia are an effective tool to reveal challenges with certain technical and non-technical skills. Teams with high technical performance are associated with effective patient communication and situational awareness. Future training should include technical skills and non-technical skills, patient communication, and situation awareness.

Analisis Dampak Judi Online di Indonesia

Online gambling has become an increasingly worrying issue in Indonesia because of its very dangerous influence on society. This research aims to analyze the social, economic and psychological impacts of online gambling in Indonesia through qualitative methods with a case study approach. Data was obtained from various sources, including previous research, reports from related institutions, as well as information found online. The research results show that online gambling addiction has a very significant negative impact and various factors that cause the increase in online gambling addiction include easy access, aggressive promotion of various types of online gambling on the market. Articles related to online gambling are regulated in Law article ITE 27 section 2, but law enforcement still faces many obstacles. Handling by the police and government needs to be improved through collaboration with related institutions and strict law enforcement. The implications of these findings indicate the need for stricter policy interventions as well as education and rehabilitation programs to reduce the negative impact of online gambling on Indonesian society. Effective methods to help individuals quit online gambling addiction include psychological counseling, social support, and developing stress and emotion management skills.

Perceptions of a Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Intervention for Sexual Minority Adults

Sexual minority (SM) adults have a higher prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), largely attributed to increased exposure to minority stressors. There are no evidence-based CVD risk reduction interventions tailored to the needs of SM adults. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study to explore SM adults’ perceptions and preferences for a culturally tailored, minority stress-informed intervention for CVD risk reduction. SM adults without CVD were interviewed and presented with a proposed 10-week intervention that combined elements of existing interventions for minority stress and CVD risk reduction. Participants were asked about preferences regarding intervention delivery methods, setting, and duration. Interviews were deductively coded into cognitive, behavioral, and socio-environmental themes informed by the social cognitive theory (SCT). Themes were also inductively coded based on participant responses. The sample included 22 SM adults with a mean age of 52 (±7.16) years; approximately 55% were female-identified and 59% were non-Latinx White. Cognitive themes included recognition of stress associated with minoritized identities and self-efficacy for behavior change. Behavioral themes included stress management skills and maintaining a healthy lifestyle (e.g., exercise). Socio-environmental themes included barriers (e.g., time commitment) and facilitators (e.g., financial incentives) for participating in the proposed intervention. All participants were interested in an intervention that would improve their cardiovascular health. A majority indicated they preferred a 12-week, virtual, synchronous, group intervention. All participants endorsed the proposed intervention with particular emphasis on stress reduction components. This study provides important knowledge that should be considered in designing tailored interventions for CVD risk reduction among SM adults.

Coaching for the Personal Development of Technical Education Students in Order to Insert Them into the Labor Market

Abstract Technical high schools and professional and dual vocational schools in Romania play an important role in the education and professional training of young people who want to acquire a qualification or specialization for a quick insertion on the labor market. The future in terms of specializations/qualifications as we know them now is increasingly uncertain, technology advances extremely quickly, so that today's students of professional and technical education need an integrated approach to their professional training, in meaning that they should acquire general technical and digital skills and competences that will then help them specialize/qualify. But these students must also benefit from a personal development that will allow them to acquire communication, collaboration and leadership skills that are extremely necessary both in their private life, but especially in their professional life. Coaching is a method of acquiring these skills, its role being to explore and identify the internal resources of each student and to guide each one to capitalize on them. Thus coaching can help students develop their self-esteem and build a positive image of themselves. Through coaching, techniques for managing stress and maintaining emotional balance can be learned because educational environments in professional and technical education can be much more conflictual than other educational environments. Through the coaching activities in which they will participate, students will improve their creativity, self-esteem, stress management skills, all of which lead to obtaining and improving performance.

Mental Preparedness of Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study on the Training of Thai National Team for the 19th Asian Games

This research aimed to study and establish the mental preparedness model of Thai athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic in preparation for the 19th Asian Games. This study employed a mixed methods approach, involving 409 participants (217 males and 192 females) selected through a lottery system, ensuring equitable representation across the 19 types of sports. Additionally, six participants were included for qualitative data gathering. The research designed a comprehensive questionnaire to collect data, which included the Sports Stress Management Skills in Thai Questionnaire, Questionnaire on Mental Readiness for Competition, 'Motivation to Participate in Sports Activities in Thai' Questionnaire, Self-Confidence Questionnaire, Mental Toughness Questionnaire in Thai, and the Mindfulness in Sports Questionnaire in Thai Version. Data was collected using a traditional questionnaire and an online questionnaire accessed via QR codes. Structural Equation Modeling was employed for data analysis. Qualitative data were gathered through interviews. The study's results revealed the development of a mental preparation model for Thai national team athletes during the COVID-19 outbreak. This model emphasizes the significance of mindfulness as a crucial factor directly influencing psychological readiness. Furthermore, mindfulness exerts an indirect influence through four intermediary variables: motivation, stress management skills, confidence, and mental toughness. Significantly, qualitative data highlighted adaptive mental resilience and mindfulness as key factors in fostering mental readiness among athletes, especially during challenging periods like the COVID-19 outbreak. These factors encompass effective stress management, balanced motivation, self-confidence, professional guidance, adaptive mindset, support systems, and long-term planning. This model integrates various elements of mental preparation, with mindfulness positioned as the central pillar.