Perceptions of a Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Intervention for Sexual Minority Adults

Abstract

Sexual minority (SM) adults have a higher prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), largely attributed to increased exposure to minority stressors. There are no evidence-based CVD risk reduction interventions tailored to the needs of SM adults. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study to explore SM adults’ perceptions and preferences for a culturally tailored, minority stress-informed intervention for CVD risk reduction. SM adults without CVD were interviewed and presented with a proposed 10-week intervention that combined elements of existing interventions for minority stress and CVD risk reduction. Participants were asked about preferences regarding intervention delivery methods, setting, and duration. Interviews were deductively coded into cognitive, behavioral, and socio-environmental themes informed by the social cognitive theory (SCT). Themes were also inductively coded based on participant responses. The sample included 22 SM adults with a mean age of 52 (±7.16) years; approximately 55% were female-identified and 59% were non-Latinx White. Cognitive themes included recognition of stress associated with minoritized identities and self-efficacy for behavior change. Behavioral themes included stress management skills and maintaining a healthy lifestyle (e.g., exercise). Socio-environmental themes included barriers (e.g., time commitment) and facilitators (e.g., financial incentives) for participating in the proposed intervention. All participants were interested in an intervention that would improve their cardiovascular health. A majority indicated they preferred a 12-week, virtual, synchronous, group intervention. All participants endorsed the proposed intervention with particular emphasis on stress reduction components. This study provides important knowledge that should be considered in designing tailored interventions for CVD risk reduction among SM adults.