Stress Index In Patients Research Articles

Synthetic assessment of cardiac autonomic modulation and Baevsky stress index in patients with synucleinopathies

Abstract Background The Baevsky Stress Index (BSTRi), calculated from Heart Rate Variability (HRV) data, has been proposed for quantitative assessment of physiological stress, with higher scores indicating higher levels of physical and/or psychological stress [1]. Cardiac autonomic modulation can be synthetically quantified by calculating the parasympathetic (PNSi) and the sympathetic (SNSi) indexes. The values of the BSTRi, SNSi, and PNSi in patients with synucleinopathies of different prognoses have not been reported yet. Purpose To quantify, in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Multisystem Atrophy (MSA), the BSTRi, its correlation with the PNSi and the SNSi indexes, and their potential value for a synthetic assessment of cardiac autonomic modulation and early differential diagnosis between PD and MSA. Methods Holter ECG data of 66 patients with Parkinsonian syndromes were retrospectively analyzed after 10 years of follow-up. Out of them, 34 patients with a certain diagnosis of PD (17) and MSA (17) were selected for this study. HRV was analyzed with the Kubios software (version 4.0), providing automatic calculation of the BSTRi, PNSi, and SNSi [2], as well as of time domain (TD), frequency domain (FD), nonlinear (NL), and time-varying (TV) HRV parameters. HRV was calculated from selected short-term intervals (of 5 minutes), during daily activity (ACT5’), and non-REM sleep (NREM5’), and from 24-hours Holter recordings. Patients’ HRV findings were compared with those of 51 age-matched healthy subjects (HS). Results An example of individual automatic graphic summary is shown in Figure 1. Both short-term and 24-hour BSTRi and SNSi values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in PD and MSA compared to those of HS, in all investigated conditions. Short-term PNSi was significantly higher in HS than in PD in all conditions, but only during NREM5’ in MSA patients (Table 1). No significant difference was found between the indexes of PD and MSA patients. As in HS (R=92), BSTRi was positively correlated with the SNSi in MSA (average R= 0.83 and 0.89 during ACT5’ and NREM5’, respectively), but less evident in PD (R=0.67). The inverse correlation between PNSi and SNSi (R=0.75 in HS) was lost in both MSA and PD. Conclusions Higher values of BSTRi in PD and MSA compared to HS suggest that patients with synucleinopathies do experience higher levels of psychophysiological stress, which may affect their quality of life negatively. However, since no significant difference was found in this study between BSTRi values of PD and MSA patients, BSTRi seems at present unreliable for early differentiation between the two diseases. Telematic assessment of BSTRi, SNSi, and PNSi could be useful for remote monitoring of PD and MSA patients’ psychophysiological stress, to provide timely intervention and adaptive treatment.Fig.1 Example of graphic summary (ACT5')

Effects of Multimodal Analgesia Combined with Comfort Management on Pain and Stress Indexes in Patients with Orthopedic Trauma after Intervention: A Retrospective Study.

This study aims to assess the impact of combining multimodal analgesia with comfort care on pain levels, stress, negative emotions, and quality of life in individuals recovering from traumatic fractures. This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from traumatic fracture patients who underwent emergency operations at our hospital between June 2022 and February 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on their postoperative pain management: the control group, which received standard measures, and the exposure group, which received a combination of multimodal analgesia and comfort-based care. We compared these groups for pain intensity (baseline and activity Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores), serum stress biomarkers (norepinephrine, adrenaline, cortisol), emotional distress (self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS)), and overall quality of life (Comprehensive Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire (GQOLI-74) score). Overall, this study evaluated differences in postoperative complications between the two pain management approaches. In this study, we included 101 participants, 41 in the exposed group and 60 in the control group. Before the intervention, baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, one week after the intervention, the resting and active VAS scores were significantly reduced in the exposed group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, one week after the intervention, the exposed group had lower levels of serum sodium, epinephrine, cortisol, stress, and anxiety, as well as higher physical and mental health scores on the GQOLI-74 scale. During the intervention period, there was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (p > 0.05). Combining multi-mode analgesia with comfort management for patients with traumatic fractures significantly reduces postoperative pain and stress levels. Additionally, this approach can effectively enhance patients' negative emotions and improve their quality of life. This approach holds significant promise for practical use in clinical settings.

#2432 DNA damage analysis with oxidative stress index in patients developing contrast nephropathy after coronary angiography

Abstract Background and Aims Contrast Nephropathy (KN) is acute kidney injury that occurs after exposure to contrast material. Advanced age, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, anemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperuricemia have been reported in the literature to increase the risk of KN development. In addition, oxygen radicals have an important place in the pathogenesis of contrast nephropathy development. Specific biomarkers are used in clinics to determine oxidative stress and antioxidant status. In particular, measurement of total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) can provide useful information about an individual's overall serum antioxidative status. The ratio of TOS to TAS level gives the oxidative stress index (OSI). One of the most investigated metabolites for DNA damage is 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), which is accepted as a biomarker of oxidative damage to DNA. In our study, we planned to investigate DNA damage and important predisposing factors for contrast nephropathy using oxidative stress markers. Method Between February 2021 and April 2022, blood was taken from 191 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) by the Cardiology Department at ESOGU before CAG and at 72 hours after CAG. Patients who met the criteria for contrast nephropathy development (those with a serum creatinine increase of 25% or more compared to baseline or an increase of 0.5 mg/dl or more) were included as the case group in our study. Our study is a prospective study consisting of 85 cases and 106 controls, totaling 191 participants. TAS, TOS, OSI, and 8-OhDG levels were compared between both groups and before-after procedure. This study was supported by ESOGU BAP project number 1621. Results The mean age of the developing group was calculated as 68.13 ± 10.37, while it was calculated as 61.03 ± 9.97 in the control group (p = 0.00). In the case group, there were 30 (35.3%) without heart failure, while there were 75 (70.8%) without heart failure in the control group (p = 0.00). In univariate analyzes, we found that advanced age and heart failure were the most important indicators for KMN. When we compared those with and without KMN, we saw that TOS values decreased less in the group with post-angiography nephropathy than in those without it. We found a positive correlation between uric acid and TAS. In the KMN group, it was found that there was a statistically significant increase in TAS value after CAG, while there was a decrease in OSI value, and no statistically significant difference was found for TOS and 8-OhDG. In patients who underwent percutaneous intervention, it was found that there was a statistically significant increase in TAS value after CAG, while TOS and OSI decreased, and no significant difference was found for 8-OhDG. Conclusion Although previous studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in contrast nephropathy pathogenesis, a strong relationship between KMN development and oxidative stress could not be found in our study. Our study is the first study to examine DNA damage with 8-OhDG in KMN, and it has been shown that there is no increase in DNA damage with KMN development. It is thought that one of the reasons leading to this result may be that contrast agents used today are selected as less toxic substances used in less volumes during processing, which may prevent DNA damage from occurring. Another result reached in our study is that TAS level increased in patients undergoing percutaneous intervention, while TOS and OSI decreased; that is, revascularization can reduce TOS and ultimately oxidative status.”

Increased oxidative stress is associated with hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome evidenced by oxidized lipoproteins stimulating rat ovarian androgen synthesis in vitro.

To determine the relationship between serum total testosterone (TT) levels and oxidative stress indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on androgen synthesis and its mechanism in rat ovarian theca-interstitial (T-I) cells. Clinical, hormonal, metabolic, and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in a cross-sectional case-control study including 626 patients with PCOS and 296 controls. The effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and oxidized high-density lipoprotein (ox-HDL) on cell proliferation, TT secretion, and expression of key enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis were evaluated in T-I cells. Serum TT levels were elevated with an increase in ox-LDL levels, whereas glutathione concentrations were lower in the high-TT subgroup than in the low-TT subgroup. The average ovarian volume and ox-LDL and malondialdehyde levels were significant predictors of TT levels in the multivariate regression models. In a rat ovarian T-I cell model, lipoprotein and oxidized lipoprotein treatments stimulated proliferation and promoted testosterone secretion. The mRNA and protein levels of 17α-hydroxylase were significantly higher in oxidized lipoprotein-treated cells than those in lipoprotein-treated cells. The mRNA levels of cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein were also significantly higher in ox-HDL-treated cells than in HDL-treated cells. Oxidative stress can promote androgen production by up-regulating the expression of testosterone synthesis-related enzymes in vitro and may be an essential factor in elevating serum TT levels in patients with PCOS.

Effects of brief mindfulness on anxiety-provoked adverse events during ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules

PurposeThis study aims to test the effectiveness of brief mindfulness for anxiety-provoked adverse events during ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). ResultsA total of 439 patients were randomized to two groups. The ratio of anxiety in all patients with TN before FNAB was 25.3%, which was correlated with the intraoperative stress index. The FNAB-related adverse events in the control group were significantly higher than in the intervention group (65.0% vs. 17.3%; odds ratio [OR], 0.11 [95%CI, 0.56–0.74]; P < 0.001), especially for emotional stress (61.5% vs. 15.5%, odds ratio [OR], 0.12 [95%CI, 0.53–0.70]; P < 0.001) and patient's noncooperation (12.0% vs. 1.8%, odds ratio [OR], 0.14 [95%CI, 0.06–0.18]; P = 0.002). The stress index in control group were significantly higher than in the intervention group (87.82 [range, 27–99] vs 83.48 [range, 31–95]; P < 0.001). ConclusionsBrief mindfulness decreased anxiety-provoked adverse events and stress index in patients with thyroid nodules during FNAB.

Relationship Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Oxidative Stress Indexes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Red blood cell distribution (RDW), an index of the size variability of erythrocytes, is significantly associated with coronary stenosis and can strongly predict the mortality risk in coronary artery disease (CAD). The biological mechanisms involved are not fully understood but may include oxidative stress. We sought to investigate the relationship between RDW and markers of oxidative stress in patients with CAD. Participants were 112 consecutive patients referred to department of cardiac surgery for evaluation of chest pain. 32 patients had stable CAD, 40 patients had unstable CAD and 40 subjects were diagnosed as non-CAD. The levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were measured in plasma and membrane samples by a fluorometric method. The plasma levels of glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Lipid peroxidation levels were significantly higher in the erythrocyte membrane of stable CAD patients than non-CAD patients. The levels of TAC were significantly lower in both stable and unstable groups when compared to that of the control group (P< 0.019 and P< 0.001, respectively), but did not differ between stable and unstable CAD. In addition, there was no significant difference in the serum GSH levels among the study groups. Membrane TBARS was directly associated with RDW in three groups of study. We found an independent association between RDW levels and membrane lipid peroxidation in patients with CAD. This finding suggests that oxidative stress may be a potential underlying biological mechanism for increased RDW in CAD patients.

Effects of dietary polyphenol curcumin supplementation on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indices in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis for assessing the effectiveness and safety of dietary polyphenol curcumin supplement on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indices in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A comprehensive search for clinical trials was conducted in the following scientific databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and China Biological Medicine. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of curcumin supplement for MetS were identified. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using inverse variance, and efficacy was expressed as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The metabolic syndrome markers that were evaluated in the present study included waist circumference (WC), fasting blood sugar (FBS), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), ultrasensitive c-reactive protein (hsCRP), and malondialdehyde (MDA). By employing the Cochrane tool, RCTs were assessed for bias risk. A total of 785 participants from 13 RCTs were included, with intervention durations ranging from 4 to 12 weeks. Compared with the control group, the curcumin group had positive effects on WC (MD = -2.16, 95% CI: -3.78 to -0.54, p= 0.009, seven studies), FBS (MD = -8.6, 95% CI: -15.45 to -1.75, p = 0.01, nine studies), DBP (MD = -2.8, 95% CI: -4.53 to - 1.06, p = 0.002, five studies), HDL-C (MD = 4.98, 95% CI: 2.58 to 7.38, p < 0.0001, eight studies), TNF-a (MD = -12.97, 95% CI: -18.37 to -7.57, p < 0.00001, two studies), CRP (MD = - 1.24, 95% CI: -1.71 to -0.77, p < 0.00001, two studies), and MDA (MD = -2.35, 95% CI: -4.47 to -0.24, p = 0.03, three studies). These improvements were statistically significant. Meanwhile, there was no significant improvement in SBP (MD = -4.82, 95% CI: -9.98 to 0.35, p = 0.07, six studies), TG (MD = 1.28, 95% CI: -3.75 to 6.30, p=0.62, eight studies), IL-6 (MD = -1.5, 95% CI: -3.97 to 0.97, p = 0.23, two studies), or hsCRP (MD = -1.10, 95% CI: -4.35 to 2.16, p < 0.51, two studies). FBS, SBP, HDL-C, IL-6, CRP, hsCRP, and MDA had a relatively high heterogeneity. Curcumin exhibited promising potential in enhancing markers associated with metabolic syndrome, including inflammation. However, additional studies are required to confirm such findings since the included evidence is limited and has a relatively high heterogeneity. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022362553.

Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging to Evaluate the Clinical Efficacy of CalliSpheres Drug-Loaded Microspheres in the Treatment of Advanced Bladder Cancer

The MR diffusion-weighted imaging technique was used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CalliSpheres drug-loaded microspheres for transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. 35 patients with advanced bladder cancer were treated with CalliSpheres DLMS for transarterial chemoembolization. Imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. The changes in serum tumor markers, immune function indexes, and oxidative stress indexes in patients before and after treatment were compared, and the quality of life of patients and the incidence of adverse reactions during follow-up were also evaluated. The results showed that the overall response rate (ORR) was 74.29% and that the disease control rate (DCR) was 97.14%. Compared with that before treatment, the ADC value of the tumor in patients with advanced bladder cancer detected by MR diffusion-weighted imaging technology was significantly increased after treatment and the maximum tumor diameter was significantly decreased P &lt; 0.05 . Compared with those before treatment, the levels of serum tumor markers (CA199, CA724, and CA125) in advanced bladder cancer patients after treatment decreased P &lt; 0.05 . The levels of T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ and CD4+) decreased, and CD8+ levels increased P &lt; 0.05 . The levels of superoxide dismutase decreased P &gt; 0.05 . At the same time, the subscale evaluation of function, symptoms, quality of life, adverse reactions, and economics of patients with advanced bladder cancer on the QLQ-C30 scale improved after treatment, and the incidence rate and recurrence rate during the follow-up period were 8.57% and 11.43%, respectively. It showed that CalliSpheres DLMS had a good clinical effect and high safety in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer and was a safe and feasible treatment method. The use of MR diffusion-weighted imaging technology could achieve quantitative evaluation of clinical efficacy of advanced bladder cancer.

The Predictive Value of Oxidative Stress Index in Patients with Confirmed SARS-COV-2 Infection.

Disbalance balance between oxidants and antioxidants is called oxidative stress and could be presented as oxidative stress index (OSI). OSI is determined by the reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM test) to assess oxidants and the plasma antioxidant capacity test (PAT test) to measure antioxidants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive value of OSI in the disease COVID-19. d-ROMs results were the highest in the SARS-CoV-2 POSITIVE group (365+/-112), lower in the SARS-CoV-2 NEGATIVE group (314+/-72.4), and the lowest in an INTENSIVE CARE UNIT group (ICU) (277+/-142) U.Carr. PAT test values were the lowest in the SARS-CoV-2 POSITIVE group (2762+/-387), higher in the ICU group (2772 +/-786), and the highest in the SARS-CoV-2 NEGATIVE group (2808+/-470), and are not statistically significantly different (P>0.05), while OSI was: healthy with average value of 49 and the critical ill with average value of 109 (P = 0.016). Cut-offs for predicting ICUs admission was at OSI 62, with 80.0% sensitivity and 68.2% specificity.

Effects of nifedipine combined with labetalol on serum leukemia inhibitory factor, apelin, and oxidative stress indexes in patients with early-onset preeclampsia

Effects of nifedipine combined with labetalol on serum leukemia inhibitory factor, apelin, and oxidative stress indexes in patients with early-onset preeclampsia

Changes and significance of retinal blood oxygen saturation and oxidative stress indexes in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

BACKGROUNDDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication that can severely affect the patients’ vision, eventually leading to blindness. DR is the most important manifestation of diabetic micro-vasculopathy and is mainly related to the course of diabetes and the degree of blood glucose control, while the age of diabetes onset, sex, and type of diabetes have little influence on it. AIMTo explore the changes in blood oxygen saturation and oxidative stress indices of retinal vessels in patients with DR.METHODSIn total, 94 patients (94 eyes) with DR (DR group) diagnosed at Jianyang people’s Hospital between March 2019 and June 2020, and 100 volunteers (100 eyes) (control group) without eye diseases, were included in this study. Arterial and venous blood oxygen saturation, retinal arteriovenous vessel diameter, and serum oxidative stress indicators in the two groups were compared. Based on the stage of the disease, the DR group was divided into the simple DR and proliferative DR groups for stratified analysis. RESULTSThe oxygen saturation of the retinal vessels in the DR group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The retinal vessel diameters between the DR and control groups were not significantly different. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydehydroguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the DR group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the DR group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The oxygen saturation of the retinal vessels in the patients with proliferative DR was significantly higher than that in the patients with simple DR (P < 0.05). The retinal vessel diameter in patients with proliferative DR was not significantly different from that of patients with simple DR (P > 0.05). Serum MDA and 8-OHdG levels in patients with proliferative DR were significantly higher than those in patients with simple DR (P < 0.05). Serum SOD and GSH levels in patients with proliferative DR were significantly lower than those in patients with simple DR (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONIncreased blood oxygen saturation of retinal arteries and veins and increased oxidative stress damage in patients with DR may be associated with decreased retinal capillary permeability and arterial oxygen dispersion, possibly reflecting the patient’s condition.

Evaluation of Total Oxidant Status, Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress Index in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

Objective: We try to evaluate total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in patients with recurrent aphtous stomatitis (RAS) in our study. Methods: A total of 40 patients, 23 female and 17 male, with a mean age of 29, who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic with the complaint of oral ulcers and were diagnosed with RAS and a total of 49 healthy controls, 33 female and 16 male, with a mean age of 24, were included in the study. Results: The TOS and OSI values of the RAS group were statistically significantly higher than the values of the control group. When the TAS values of both groups were compared; the TAS value of the RAS group was statistically indifferent from the TAS value of the control group. Conclusion: In patients with RAS, serum TOS, serum TAS and OSI values are affected in favour of oxidative processes. In the pathogenesis of RAS, oxidant substances and antioxidant-active substances are important.

Role of Oxidative Stress on Malarial Anaemia: Significance of Oxidative Stress Index in Patients with Malarial Infection

Introduction: An alteration of oxidant and antioxidant levels is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of malaria. Limited data is found on association between oxidant and antioxidant status and significance of oxidative stress index in patients with malarial infection and anaemia in south Indian population. Aim: To measure the levels of oxidants and antioxidants and oxidative stress index in patients with malaria and their association with anaemia. Materials and Methods: The present case-control study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India. A total of 50 subjects of malaria aged 20-45 years were included as cases based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Control group comprised of 50 healthy age and gender matched subjects. Haemoglobin (Hb), serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) was estimated in both the groups by standard methods using Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer. Independent sample t-test was used to test for the difference in all biochemical parameters among study and control groups. The study of orrelation among the parameters was done by Pearson’s correlation. Results: Both the groups were age and gender matched (p=0.39). MDA was significantly elevated in cases as compared to controls (p&lt;0.0001). SOD, Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), Hb were significantly lower in cases as compared to controls with p-value &lt;0.0001. In the present study, it was found that there was a significant negative correlation between Hb and oxidative stress index (MDA/FRAP=-0.480) with p-value=0.0001 in patients with malaria. Conclusion: The present study concluded that oxidative stress might be a cause of malarial anaemia. Alterations in oxidant and antioxidant levels might have a role in pathogenesis of malaria. As compared to individual markers, oxidative stress index was found to be significantly associated with malarial anaemia denoting its role as a better marker in these patients. Antimalarial therapy targeting the above factors might decrease the pathogenesis, morbidity and mortality in patients with malaria.

Effect of butylphthalide combined with ozagrel sodium on cerebral perfusion and oxidative stress indexes in patients with transient ischemic attack

This study has been undertaken to evaluate the effect of butylphthalide combined with ozagrel sodium on cerebral perfusion and oxidative stress indexes in patients with transient ischemic attack. In this study, a total of 116 patients diagnosed as transient ischemic attack in our hospital (February 2018-February 2020) have been selected and divided into two groups according to the treatment methods.58 cases in the control group have been treated with ozagrel sodium, 58 cases in the observation group have been treated with butylphthalide combined with ozagrelsodium. The CT perfusion imaging parameters, oxidative stress indexes, plaque area, and the levels of platelet activating factor (PAF), α-granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140), fibrinogen (FIB), platelet aggregation rate (PAgT), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), oxygen-inducible factor-1α ( HIF-1α ), and matrix metalloproteinases-9 ( MMP-9) in the two groups have been recorded, and the total effective rate and adverse reaction rate have been counted. The results shown that the total effective rate of the observation group is higher than that of the control group, and the difference is statistically significant (χ2 = 4.640, P = 0.031). The average time (MTT) required for the two groups of contrast agents to pass through the local brain tissue and the time (TTP) required starting the injection of contrast agents to reach the peak concentration decreased compared to that with before treatment. After treatment, the MTT and TTP of the observation group are shorter than those of the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with before treatment, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the two groups has higher than that in the control group, PAF, GMP-140, FIB, PAgT, NSE, HIF-1α, MMP-9, malondialdehyde (MDA) and plaque area has decreased. After treatment, the levels of related factors in the observation group are better than those in the control group, and the plaque area is less than that in the control group (P &lt; 0.05).There has been no significant difference in the adverse reaction rate between the observation group and the control group (χ2 = 0.438, P = 0.508).

Prognostic value of the endothelial activation and stress index in patients with upper tract urothelial cancer undergoing radical nephroureterectomy.

The relationship with endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX), which represents the degree of endothelial dysfunction, is unwell known in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The present study aims to assess the prognostic value of the EASIX for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 627 patients with UTUC who underwent RNU without neoadjuvant chemotherapy at three hospitals between 2002 and 2019. EASIX scores were calculated using the formula "serum lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)×creatinine (mg/dL)/platelet count (109/L)" and evaluated based on log2-transformed values. We divided the patients according to the EASIX score (>1.27 vs. ≤1.27). Among 627 patients, 380 were finally analyzed. Using maximally selected log-rank statistics, the optimal EASIX cutoff value was 1.27 on the log2 scale. The baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups except for age. The high EASIX score group had worse RFS and OS than the low EASIX score group (log-rank p=0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). At 5 years, the mean RFS and OS difference between the low and high EASIX score groups was 11.1 and 7.35 months, respectively. High EASIX score remained a key prognosticator of RFS and OS after RNU in multivariable analysis. EASIX score may represent endothelial dysfunction in patients with UTUC and may serve as a readily available prognostic factor for oncologic outcomes.

Effect Of Butylphthalide Combined with Ozagrel Sodium on Cerebral Perfusion and Oxidative Stress Indexes in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack

Background The pathogenesis of transient ischemic attack is not clear. Microthrombosis theory is a theory with high clinical recognition. Microthrombosis of carotid artery and vertebral basilar artery wall occurs shedding and vasospasm, resulting in transient cerebral insufficiency. Microembolic decomposition or distal movement, cerebrovascular dilatation, local collateral circulation after the establishment of symptoms relieved or disappeared. Most patients can be relieved in a short time, but recurrent attacks can gradually damage the structure and function of brain tissue, and increase the risk of acute cerebral infarction. The clinical treatment of this disease is mainly based on the comprehensive control of risk factors, anti thrombosis, and anti-platelet aggregation. Objective To observe the effect of butylphthalide combined with ozagrel sodium on cerebral perfusion and oxidative stress indexes in patients with transient ischemic attack. Methods A total of 116 patients diagnosed as transient ischemic attack in our hospital (February 2018 - February 2020) were selected and divided into two groups according to the treatment methods. 58 cases in the control group were treated with ozagrel sodium, 58 cases in the observation group were treated with butylphthalide combined with ozagrel sodium. The CT perfusion imaging parameters, oxidative stress indexes, plaque area, and the levels of platelet activating factor ( PAF ), α-granule membrane protein-140 ( GMP-140 ), fibrinogen ( FIB ), platelet aggregation rate (PAgT), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), oxygend-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) in the two groups were recorded, and the total effective rate and adverse reaction rate were counted. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.640, P = 0.031). Compared with before treatment, the average time (MTT) required for the two groups of contrast agents to pass through the local brain tissue and the time (TTP) required to start the injection of contrast agents to reach the peak concentration decreased compared with before treatment. After treatment, the MTT and TTP of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with before treatment, superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) in the two groups was higher than that in the control group, PAF, GMP-140, FIB, PAgT, NSE, HIF-la, MMP-9, malondialdehyde (MDA) and plaque area decreased. After treatment, the levels of related factors in the observation group were better than those in the control group, and the plaque area was less than that in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the adverse reaction rate between the observation group and the control group (χ2 = 0.438, P=0.508). Conclusion Butylphthalide combined with ozagrel sodium in the treatment of transient ischemic attack can improve cerebral perfusion, reduce oxidative stress injury, reduce plaque and improve curative effect.

Assessment of stress index in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage of acute phase

Assessment of stress index in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage of acute phase

Analysis of Biological Stress Indices in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer Based on Perceived Stress Mediated by Rumination using Structural Equation Modeling

Background: Considering the prevalence of this disease and the high mortality rate of gastric cancer in the country, it is necessary to investigate the causes and factors affecting this disease's incidence. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the structural equations of biological stress indices in patients with gastrointestinal cancer based on perceived stress mediated by rumination.Methods: This research was a descriptive-correlational study of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all patients with gastrointestinal cancer referred to Reza-Mashhad hospital and Avicenna Hospital in Tehran in 2020, of which 250 patients were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the perceived stress scale (PSS), Nolen and Hoxma rumination questionnaire, and biological stress indices. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Pearson correlation statistical methods using SPSS.22 and AMOS.22 software.Results: The results showed that perceived stress (β=0.45, P0>0.001) directly affected rumination. Also, rumination (β=0.30, P=0.001) had a direct effect on biological stress indices. Rumination played a mediating role in the relationship between perceived stress and biological stress indices (RMSEA: 0.001; AGFI: 0.93).Conclusion: Considering that perceived stress and rumination are effective on biological stress of gastrointestinal patients, it is necessary for therapists to pay attention to modifying beliefs related to stress and rumination in the psychological health of gastrointestinal patients in order to improve the quality of life of patients.

Oxidative Stress is Involved in the Occurrence and Development of Lower Extremity Atherosclerotic Disease

Background: Lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) is a common disease in elderly, and it is closely related to many risk factors. The oxidative stress is involved in the arteriosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the changes of oxidative stress indexes in patients with LEAD, and discuss their relations with the disease severity and the complications. Methods: Eighty-three LEAD patients and 40 subjects without LEAD (control group) were enrolled. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured. The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined. Results: The serum SOD and GSH-Px levels and ABI in LEAD group were significantly lower than those in control group, respectively (p ＜ 0.01), while the serum MDA level in LEAD groupwas significantly higher than that in control group (p ＜ 0.01). There was significant difference of SOD, GSH-Px, MDA and ABI among LEAD patients with different stages, respectively (p ＜ 0.01), with significant difference of each index between LEAD patients with and without hypertension, with and without diabetes, and with and without hyperlipemia, respectively (p ＜ 0.01). In LEAD patients, there was positive correlation between SOD and ABI and between GSH-Px and ABI, respectively, with negative correlation between SOD and MDA, between GSH-Px and MDA and between MDA and ABI, respectively (p ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: The changes of serum SOD, GSH-Px and MDA levels are involved in the occurrence and development of LEAD. These indexes are helpful for the diagnosis of the LEAD severity and the complications.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Treatment and Male Idiopathic Infertility: Effects on Sperm Parameters and Oxidative Stress Indices according to FSHR c. 2039 A/G and c. -29 G/A Genotypes.

Scientific evidence shows that the administration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to infertile patients with normal serum FSH concentrations improves sperm parameters in oligozoospermic men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of highly purified urofollitropin (hpFSH) on conventional and bio-functional sperm parameters and on oxidative stress indices in patients with idiopathic infertility. We also evaluated the response to hpFSH on these parameters in relationship to FSHR c. 2039 A/G and FSHR c. -29 G/A genotypes. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 42 patients with idiopathic male infertility, 23 of whom underwent to FSHR c. 2039 A/G and FSHR c. -29 G/A genotyping. Each patient was asked to collect two semen samples before and after administration of 150 IU hpFSH three times a week for 16 weeks. Patients were divided into responders or non-responders based on whether their total sperm count had at least doubled or was less than double at the end of treatment, respectively. Responders showed a significantly higher semen volume, sperm concentration, spermatids, and leukocytes. Non-responders had a significant decrease of the percentage of spermatozoa in early apoptosis after hpFSH administration. Oxidative stress indexes did not differ significantly after FSH administration in both groups. Conventional and bio-functional sperm parameters did not differ in patients with FSHR c. 2039 GG and AA genotypes, and FSHR c. -29 GG genotype both before and after FSH administration. The FSHR c. 2039 and FSHR -29 G/A genotypes and allelic distribution did not differ between responders and non-responders. FSH showed to be capable of ameliorating sperm parameters in about half patients treated, therefore it may be helpful in patients with idiopathic infertility.