Professional Stress Research Articles

Burnout, Boreout and Mobbing Experienced by Teachers in Kindergartens and Schools in the Conditions of COVID-19

The article presents the results of a survey of 800 teachers 399 from kindergartens and 461 from schools. The level of occupational stress and bullying experienced and job satisfaction are examined, and differences between teachers at different educational stages, depending on age and length of service, are outlined. Overall, teachers have a moderate risk of burnout - in the main they perceive low levels of bullying from colleagues and managers, students and parents, professional stress and boredom, and maintain rather high levels of job satisfaction and administrative support. This does not preclude the need to maintain an environment that provides prevention and maintenance of satisfaction and motivation, which is supported by the relationships outlined in the results. Effective self-regulation is directly dependent on the perceived characteristics of the workplace environment.

Music and Mandala

It is recommended that music therapists engage in self-care, supervision, and personal therapy to cope with professional stressors. As a result, it is important that they can determine when one or more are needed. The purpose of this paper is to describe a self-administered, seven-step music and mandala method that can be used to determine those needs. Music therapists’ understanding of the purpose of each step will support successful use of the method. Therefore, the description of each step is accompanied by an explanation of the key concept(s) related to it, and a case example. The desired outcome of participation is for music therapists to increase self-awareness and identify their needs for self-care, supervision, and/or personal therapy.

Relationship between Transition Shock, Professional Stressors, and Intent to Leave the Nursing Profession during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and Objectives: Moving nurses to a COVID-19 department may cause the phenomenon of transition shock, which occurs when already employed nurses change jobs. A set of confusing and uncertain feelings arise due to the unfamiliar work environment, which may lead to their intention to leave the nursing profession. The aim of this study was to examine transition shock and the contribution of both the respondents' characteristics and the presence of stressors to the occurrence of transition shock in nurses assigned to work in COVID-19 departments. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 120 nurses employed in COVID-19 departments was conducted. Several linear regression models were used to assess the association between transition shock, personal and professional COVID-19 stressors, and the intention to leave the nursing profession. Results: Nurses who intended to leave the profession showed higher transition shock and higher personal and professional stressors (p < 0.001). Female nurses had lower transition shock (β = -0.16; p = 0.036) and higher personal COVID-19 stressors (β = 0.27; p < 0.001). University education contributes to the lowering of nurses' transition shock (β = -0.16; p = 0.038). Nurses who did not intend to leave the nursing profession had lower personal COVID-19 stressors (β = -0.15; p = 0.044). Transition shock was associated with personal COVID-19 stressors (β = 0.39; p < 0.001) and professional COVID-19 stressors (β = 0.29; p < 0.001), and vice versa. Conclusions: The phenomenon of transition shock was present after nurses transitioned to working in COVID-19 departments. Transition shock may cause more nurses to leave the profession, which may have a strong impact on the health system in many countries that are already facing a shortage of nurses. Additional education on and preparation for adapting to new working conditions with psychological support could have an influence by lowering the level of nurses' transition shock.

DOCTORS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPETENCES AS A COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-REFLECTION

The purpose of the research is to study doctors’ attitude towards the role of psychological competencies in their professional activities and its assessment as well as to investigate doctors’ self-assessment of their psychological knowledge, skills and abilities to demonstrate various forms of communication with certain groups of patients as an important component of professional reflection. Participating in the research doctors were different specialty experts of different age groups and experience, employed in multidisciplinary health care institutions.&#x0D; Materials and methods. A pilot sociological survey of department heads employed in a multidisciplinary health care institution with a focus group were followed with a sociological survey of a sample (40,9%) of the institution population of the doctors of various specialties, age and experience. Statistical analysis of the survey results was carried out with the use of Microsoft Excel software.&#x0D; The results. The assessment of the importance of doctors’ psychological competence in professional activity and doctors’ self-assessment of their psychological competence in various areas of professional work were obtained in the frame of the conducted research.&#x0D; Conclusions. The doctors’ self-reflective assessment of their psychological competencies proved the professional competencies and the corresponding motivational potential among health care workers need advancing. Relatively low scores of doctors’ self-assessment in certain types of professional psychological competence allow us to make a conclusion about the need to launch relevant training in the field of psychological competence. Among the topic issues the training should cover are the ability to prevent professional stress, professional deformation and professional burnout of a doctor; conflict management skills and interpersonal crisis situations at work; psychological knowledge, skills and communication skills with difficult patients in behavioral aspects. Analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficient of answers to various questions with data on age and professional work experience make it possible to conclude that both samples with a significant professional experience as well as elder respondents need taking an advanced training program in the field of psychological competence. Since psychological resilience and resistance to stress skills develop more efficient with life experience obtaining than through workplace experience, it makes possible to summarize that the need to conduct psychological training on stress resistance and resilience for doctors directly in the health care institution conditions, e.g. as a professional school.

Рrofessional burnout syndrome as a manifestation of stress in naval specialists of different age groups

OBJECTIVE: To assess the symptom severity and formation of professional burnout syndrome (PBS) in naval experts of different age groups.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 849 naval experts, aged 25–45 were examined. Based on generally accepted methods, there was the evaluation of professional burnout and stress, considering clinical-psychophysiological features of the respondents with a different severity level of symptom manifestation. Moreover, to assess the dynamics of professional burnout in naval experts, performing military service as part of Arctic division, subgroups by age were identified out of the total sample (N=127): the group of persons, performing military service as part of Arctic division aged 25–30 included 21 people (n1=21), aged 31–40–72 people (n2=72), aged 41–45–34 people (n3=34). Statistics: Statistic analysis of the data was conducted using the application package «STATISTICA 6.0» and spreadsheet Microsoft Excel-2010.RESULTS: The formation nature of PB syndrome in naval experts of different age showed that the persons, performing military service as part of Arctic division, aged 25–30, experienced a high rate of stress phase (68,1±7,9 points), indicating its formation, and 39,8±7,5 points in the resistance phase, indicating the process of this phase formation; yet there were normative values (28,4±5,1 points) on the exhaustion phase in this group of people. The naval experts, performing military service as part of Arctic division, aged 31–40, experienced a high rate of stress phase (72,8±7,9 points) and resistance phase (73,4±11,5 points), indicating their formation in the examined individuals; at the same time the indicators on the exhaustion phase did not overcome the normative values of 26,7±7,2 points. The naval experts, performing military service as part of Arctic division, aged 41–45, experienced average normative values on stress phase (25,9±3,8 points), resistance phase (23,9±3,9 points); yet there was formation of exhaustion phase (39,1±6,9 points).DISCUSSION: The analysis allowed to reveal age-sensitive formation of professional burnout syndrome. It is shown that individual manifestations of the syndrome form clear modal symptoms among different age groups. The specifics of neuropsychic disorders in naval experts of different age groups were identified.CONCLUSION: The data analysis allowed to conclude that prevention of PBS formation and its successful overcoming could largely be achieved by naval experts’ implementation of optimal strategies for coping with stress and using constructive and mature psychological defenses in their behavior.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ДОЛЖНОСТНЫХ ЛИЦ ТАМОЖЕННЫХ ОРГАНОВ

The article discusses topical issues of increasing the level of professional competence of customs officials in the process of customs service in order to minimize the functional manifestations of destructive conflicts, personnel risks and professional stress. The purpose of this study is to develop guidelines for improving the system of professional development of customs officials. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of scientific research, the results of which are of practical importance for improving the effectiveness of personnel measures aimed at building the personnel potential of customs authorities. In the study, the authors used the following methods: observation, analysis of legal, program and target documents, expert survey, personnel risk diagnostics, hierarchy analysis. The authors analyze the factors of the organizational environment of the customs authority, which affect the level of formation of professional competence of the personnel of the customs authorities. Tasks of the diagnostic stage of the study: an expert survey of respondents on the effectiveness of the proposed methodological recommendations for improving the level of professional competence of customs officials. In the study, officials of the customs authority and teachers of a higher educational institution acted as experts. Analysis of the results of expert surveys ensures the improvement of educational and methodological support for the process of preparing students at the Samara State Technical University. Determination of effective methods of professional development of officials of the customs authority was carried out on the basis of the analysis of hierarchies (HAI).

Communicative competence of a nurse

The article shows the importance of communication skills, or communicative competence in the professional activity of a nurse. Communicative competence includes informative components, emotional components and social perception. Social perception is provided by such psychological mechanisms as identification, empathy and reflexion. Professional communication breaks down under the influence of emotional stress, leading to the formation of “emotional burnout syndrome” in a nurse. The negative role of a nurse’s perfectionism and other psychological characteristics in the occurrence of chronic emotional overload is shown. Mental self-regulation, cheerfulness and optimism as well as a wide “role repertoire”, flexibility and plasticity of a nurse’s behavior serve as a preventive measure of professional stress. It has been shown that a condition for the effectiveness of a nurse’s professional activity is her own psychological comfort and positive emotional attitude.

STUDY ON RELATION OF STRESS, DEPRESSION AND ALCOHOL USE AMONG DIFFERENT PROFESSIONALS

BACKGROUND - Stress has reached most of the professions posing great threat to mental and physical health. It is vital for the employers to recognize that work-related stress is a signicant health and safety issue. Interest in professional stress is now growing because of the increasing incidence of the adverse events of profession on mental and physical health of the employees. These situations further kept lot of pressure on the professionals resulting in professional stress, then into Depression and further into alcohol abuse. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY-This is a web based online cross-sectional study conducted using google forms like Professional life stress scale, Becks depression inventory, Alcohol use disorders identication test (AUDIT). This study was conducted specically on professionals working as Doctors, Bankers and IT Professionals. Atotal of 156 professionals participated in the study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION -Around 52.7% of doctors, 40% of bankers and 47% of IT professionals are facing moderate level of stress. In a similar fashion 56.36% of doctors, 38% of bankers and 21.5% of IT professionals are having mild mood disturbances. In all the three groups more than 95% are under low alcohol use. The results of this study indicated that there is a signicant association between stress, depression and alcohol use. This study helps us in understanding the relation of stress, depression and alcohol use among the professionals. There is an urgent need to understand the dynamics of the professional stress and its associated psychiatric morbidities so as to prevent it from assuming epidemic proportion

A Systematic Review of Heart Rate Variability as a Measure of Stress in Medical Professionals.

Understanding the physiological effects of responding to crises is a critical component in understanding how to manage and prepare medical professionals to be crisis responders. Heart rate variability (HRV) is the variation in rate between a succession of R-R intervals. This variation is not only affected by physiological processes such as respiration or metabolic rate but is also directly controlledby the autonomic nervous system. As such, heart rate variability has been proposed as a noninvasive tool to measure the physiological stress response. The aim of this systematic review is to consolidate heart rate variability literature in the context of medical emergencies to determine if heart rate variability changes predictably from baseline when responding to medical crises. This may demonstrate utility as an objective, noninvasive measure of stress response. A systematic literature review of six databases yielded 413 articles, 17 of which met our inclusion criteria of being written in English, measuring HRV in healthcare providers, and measuring HRV in real or simulated medical resuscitations or procedures. Articles were then analyzed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) scoring system. Out of the 17 articles reviewed, 11 demonstrated statistically significant results showing heart rate variability responding in a predictable manner to stress. Three articles utilized a medical simulation as the stressor, six used medical procedures, and eight used medical emergencies encountered during clinical work. Overall, a predictable trend in heart rate variability metrics of standard deviation from the mean value of normal-to-normal(N-N) intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD),mean number of times per time interval in which the change in successive normal sinus (N-N) intervals exceeds 50 ms (PNN50), low frequency % (LF%), and low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) was observed when responding to stress. This systematic literature review showed that heart rate variability among healthcare providers responding to stressful scenarios follows a predictable pattern of change and expands our understanding of the physiology of stress in healthcare providers. This review supports the use of HRV to monitor stress during high-fidelity simulation to ensure that appropriate physiological arousal is achieved during the training of medical personnel.

Relationship between forensic vigilance and personality traits, work experience, burnout symptoms, workplace stress and satisfaction in forensic mental healthcare professionals

PurposeForensic mental health care is a unique field that poses complex demands on professionals. Forensic vigilance is a hypothesized specialty of forensic mental health professionals, allowing them to meet the complex demands of working in forensic settings. Forensic vigilance consists of theoretical and experiential knowledge of mental disorders, theory of offending behavior, the criminal history of patients and environmental observations and clinical judgment. Although this concept has only been recently described and defined, it is still unknown which professional and individual factors are related to forensic vigilance, and if forensic vigilance is related to job stress and burnout symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between forensic vigilance and several professional and individual factors.Design/methodology/approachThe current study investigated whether forensic vigilance is predicted by years of work experience and the Big Five personality traits by means of an online survey among forensic mental health professionals and whether forensic vigilance is associated with work-related stress, burnout and workplace satisfaction.FindingsThe 283 forensic mental health professionals who responded to the survey indicated that forensic work experience, but not general experience, positively predicted forensic vigilance. Forensic vigilance was negatively associated with Neuroticism and positively associated with Openness to experience and Conscientiousness. Forensic vigilance did not predict work-related stress, burnout symptoms and workplace satisfaction. Personal accomplishment was positively related to forensic vigilance.Practical implicationsFindings of the present study increase the understanding of the construct of forensic vigilance. The findings presented here highlight the importance of differences between professionals in terms of experience and personality. Training programs should capitalize on experience, while taking personality differences in consideration. Personality differences are relevant in hiring policies and team composition. Finally, to reduce workplace-related stress and burnout symptoms, institutions should consider known factors that influence work-related symptoms (e.g. experienced autonomy) rather than forensic vigilance.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study represents the first effort to study forensic vigilance in relation to personality, work experience and experienced workplace-related stress and satisfaction.

Integration of art and technology in personalized radiation oncology care: Experiences, evidence, and perspectives.

Cancer diagnoses expose patients to traumatic stress, sudden changes in daily life, changes in the body and autonomy, with even long-term consequences, and in some cases, to come to terms with the end-of-life. Furthermore, rising survival rates underline that the need for interventions for emotional wellbeing is in growing demand by patients and survivors. Cancer patients frequently have compliance problems, difficulties during treatment, stress, or challenges in implementing healthy behaviors. This scenario was highlighted during the COVID-19 emergency. These issues often do not reach the clinical attention of dedicated professionals and could also become a source of stress or burnout for professionals. So, these consequences are evident on individual, interpersonal, and health system levels. Oncology services have increasingly sought to provide value-based health care, considering resources invested, with implications for service delivery and related financing mechanisms. Value-based health care can improve patient outcomes, often revealed by patient outcome measures while seeking balance with economical budgets. The paper aims to show the Gemelli Advanced Radiation Therapy (ART) experience of personalizing the patients' care pathway through interventions based on technologies and art, the personalized approach to cancer patients and their role as "co-stars" in treatment care. The paper describes the vision, experiences, and evidence that have guided clinical choices involving patients and professionals in a co-constructed therapeutic pathway. We will explore this approach by describing: the various initiatives already implemented and prospects, with particular attention to the economic sustainability of the paths proposed to patients; the several pathways of personalized care, both from the patient's and healthcare professional perspective, that put the person's experience at the Gemelli ART Center. The patient's satisfaction with the treatment and economic outcomes have been considered. The experiences and future perspectives described in the manuscript will focus on the value of people's experiences and patient satisfaction indicators, patients, staff, and the healthcare organization.

Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT): Tap to relieve stress and burnout

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have exponentially increased stress, anxiety and burnout levels for all healthcare professionals and students. The psychological effects of working with COVID-19 patients and the physical stress of working under distressing conditions exacerbate an already stressed workforce. Working long hours, shift work, short staffing, demanding workloads, dealing with death and dying and conflicts with management, other staff and disciplines and poor communication between disciplines are among the issues that can lead to burnout, anxiety and depression. Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) or tapping is a holistic practice that is easy to learn and apply to self and produces relief from stress, anxiety and the symptoms of burnout within in minutes. There are many websites, videos, and tutorials which can teach and support the healthcare practitioner in the practice of EFT.

Short term effects of simulation training on stress, anxiety and burnout in critical care health professionals: before and after study

IntroductionAnesthesia and critical care professionals have been shown to be particularly affected by the problems of stress, anxiety, and burnout. Simulation training could be a sustainable solution to help health care workers to deal with this situation. There is however poor scientific evidence on the short-term effect of simulation training on stress, anxiety and burnout in anesthesia and critical care workers. Material and methodsThis prospective observational study was conducted over one year. All anesthesia and critical care professionals participating in simulation training for critical situations were considered for inclusion. Perceived Stress Score (PSS), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were collected before and 1 week after the training. ResultsNinety-three participants fully completed the before and after study. PSS levels were significantly lower after the simulation sessions (p = .008), as were STAI levels (anxiety state (p < .001) and anxious personality trait (p = .002). The severity of burnout levels also decreased after simulation training (p < .001). ConclusionSimulation training based on critical situations exposure seems to have positive and rapid effects on stress, anxiety and burnout in anesthesia and critical care staff.

Stress and Wellbeing of Social Work Students in Field Instruction

ABSTRACT The study explored the professional and personal stress experienced by the social work students at the Bicol University, Daraga Campus in the Philippines during their field instruction. Furthermore, it sought to discuss the implications for social work education, particularly in the field instruction program. It employed qualitative methods to gather and analyze the data. The study revealed significant and interrelated themes based on the qualitative analysis derived from the conducted focus group discussion and review of documents. In terms of the professional stressors, the following were identified: organizational processes, interpersonal relationships with the staff, agency politics, physical set-up, and characteristics of clients. In terms of personal stressors, the respondents identified the following: academic requirements and pressure, family issues and concerns, financial limitations, and health conditions. These situations affected the students’ physical, psychological, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being. The results of the study suggest that integrating subjects related to the prevention of stress and the promotion of self-care in the social work curriculum and in supervision can help social work students to better cope with professional stress, academic responsibilities, and personal challenges. It may lead to future social workers who know how to maintain healthy well-being, making them more effective, competent, and ethical practitioners.

Professional Stress in Law Enforcement: Foreign and Domestic Research Experience

The object of the study is professional stress, which is understood as a particular variant of the general adaptation syndrome, which is a functional state associated with the performance of professional activity, expressed in mental and physical reactions to stressful work situations that arise under the influence of emotionally negative and extreme factors. The subject of the study is the categories of professional stress analysis of Russian police officers. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the experience of foreign and domestic studies of professional stress in law enforcement; identification of categories of analysis of professional stress on a sample of Russian police officers. In the empirical part, a content analysis of respondents' responses to a subjective description of professional stress situations is carried out. The main conclusions of the study are: 1. The topic of professional stress in the activities of law enforcement agencies has received quite a lot of attention in both foreign and domestic studies, but they are of a private detailed nature, comprehensive studies, there is no integration of results. 2. The efforts of foreign researchers are aimed at developing trainings and training programs for coping with stress and rehabilitation of both active and retired officers. Domestic researchers propose to introduce stress resistance trainings already in the process of training cadets and undergoing initial police training, which is quite appropriate. For current employees, domestic researchers suggest using general psychological tools for psychocorrection of stress, but it should be adapted to the specifics of the professional activities of police officers. 3. The conducted content analysis of Russian police officers' perceptions of professional situations that cause stress revealed 8 key units of analysis: competencies; work parameters; social interaction; working conditions and organization; threat to personal safety; imbalance; dissatisfaction; personal fears and worries. The high role of personal subjective perception of professional stress situations is illustrated. 4. Promising directions for further research of the topic are highlighted

ПРИЗНАКИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО СТРЕССА У КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ОРДИНАТОРОВ ВТОРОГО ГОДА ОБУЧЕНИЯ ОТОРИНОЛАРИНГОЛОГИИ

Aim: using a survey with standardized questionnaires for professional emotional burnout to identify emotional signs of professional stress among the second year clinical residents of otorhinolaryngology training. Materials and methods. Standard questionnaires “Professional burnout for medical workers” and 4DDAS (depression, depersonalization, anxiety, somatization) were used. 20 clinical residents studying in the otorhinolaryngology department of the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 simultaneously took part in the survey. Results. Emotional exhaustion in women was determined at an average level of 21.89 ± 0.34 points, in men at a low level of 14.96 ± 0.43 points (hereinafter p &lt; 0.05). The level of depersonalization in women is also significantly higher than in men and is determined at a very high level – 14.26 ± 0.44 points, while in men it is at an average level – 9.88 ± 0.34 points. Women perceive professional success at an average level of 31.07 ± 0.24 points, and men at a high level of 27.64 ± 0.24 points. Conclusions. It has been shown that training in the professional activities of an otorhinolaryngologist in an inpatient setting of a multidisciplinary hospital affects clinical residents as chronic professional stress of moderate intensity, which is accompanied by a moderately increased level of somatization. Women are more in need of prevention of professional stress than men, due to more significant emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. In order to develop emotional resistance to professional stress factors, clinical residents are recommended to take conscious, regular care of their health and take active part in the life of the professional community of otorhinolaryngologists.

THE IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL STRESS ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.

The aim: To investigate the impact of professional stress on the mental health of law enforcement officers. Materials and methods: The research involved two groups of law enforcement officers (aged 25-40): the first group with up to 7 years of service activities (n = 52), the second group - 8-15 years (n = 48). Research methods: bibliosemantic, questionnaire, testing, method of system analysis and generalization, mathematical and statistical. Results: It was found that law enforcement officers of both groups identified indicators of a significant professional workload, lack of adequate rest, and the nature of communication with participants in professional relationships among the factors of professional stress. It is proved that the mental health of law enforcement officers deteriorates under the influence of professional stress with the experience of their professional activities. Law enforcement officers with 8-15 years of service experience have significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) worse indicators of anxiety, aggressiveness, motivation, personal detachment, impulsive¬ness, vigor, and work efficiency. Conclusions: It was established that the professional stress of law enforcement officers is the result of an imbalance between the internal resources of the individual and the requirements of the external environment, embodied in the peculiarities of law enforcement activities. Law enforcement officers are char¬acterized by the presence of professional stress of average and high severity, which increases with the experience of their service activities. A set of measures was proposed to provide psychological assistance to law enforcement officers to effectively counteract professional stress and improve their mental health.

Prevalence of occupational stress in health care personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Occupational stress has been exacerbated in health care personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic, which can harm the health of professionals, managers and the population. To estimate the prevalence of occupational stress in professionals of the Family Health Strategy of a Health District in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 105 professionals from the Family Health Strategy teams of three Family Health Units in a Health District in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic and work information and the Work Stress Scale were applied. Numerical stress values were categorized, from the average, into low and high stress levels. Measures of central tendency and bivariate analysis between stress and other variables were calculated. The high level of stress presented a prevalence of 46.7%, with the following most punctuated TSE stressors: lack of qualifications, few prospects for career growth, deficiency in the disclosure of decisions, discrimination at work and lack of autonomy. The prevalence of a high level of occupational stress among health professionals at Family Health Units reached 46.7% of the sample studied; a fact that deserves awareness on the part of managers regarding the promotion and protection of the health of health care personnel.

Association between occupational stress, markers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in intensive care unit workers: a cross-sectional study.

Health care workers in intensive care units have a high propensity to develop burnout syndrome. To evaluate the relationship between occupational stress and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in health care workers in intensive care units. The sample consisted of 133 intensivists from the city of Colatina, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The Maslach Inventory Burnout Survey was used to assess burnout syndrome. Oxidative stress was measured in proteins and lipids, and cytokine levels were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The highest levels of burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion dimension) were found in nurses and physical therapists and showed greater changes in markers of protein damage and inflammation. On the emotional exhaustion dimension, it was higher among professionals who consumed some type of alcoholic beverage and some type of stimulant, whether caffeine, tea, or soft drinks, at least twice a week. There was a positive relationship between the development of burnout syndrome, specifically in the dimension of low personal involvement at work, and oxidative damage in lipids (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). There is evidence of relationship between occupational stress and oxidative stress in professionals with low personal involvement in their work.

Professional Stress and Burnout Syndrome During the Covid Pandemic in the Medical Field.

The contemporary workplace creates a challenge toward physicians and their teams. They are forced into a situation, in which to be competitive they must have skills outside of their medical specialty, such as health management, pedagogy, and information and communication technologies. To analyze the level of stress and burnout among the medical employees in the hospital care. Healthcare professionals from three private, municipal, and regional hospitals filled a questionnaire in the time period January-March 2021. An adapted Maslach Burnout Inventory 55 question questionnaire was used and analyzed. One-way ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS. We identified high levels of emotional exhaustion (>62% report high signs or above), high levels of depersonalization (>70% report signs of depersonalization), and low levels of personal accomplishment (<39% have below average sense of achievements). Despite the physicians and their teams reporting high levels of workload and stress, the satisfaction from work has not diminished and the evaluation for the quality of provided work is still high. Additional research into the topic is required with focus on comparison between hospital physicians and primary care physicians.