Muscle Stress Research Articles

Measurement and Analysis of ground reaction forces Distribution and electromyography for Ankle Joint Fixation Injury Using Different Types of Shoes

One of the health issues that many people encounter on a daily basis is bone fracture, which can happen for a number of reasons, such as arthritis, sprains, or external trauma . The patient experiences instability as a result of these issues . Internal fixation is a type of surgery used to support and mend a damaged bone Treatment options include ankle joint fixation, a surgical procedure employing pins, plates, rods, or screws. This study uses gait analysis methods to assess lower limb biomechanics . Gait analysis is vital for understanding walking patterns and intervention effectiveness. The impact of different shoe designs on ankle mechanics, using the finite element method and ANSYS, is investigated The results of the EMG and the GRF were discussed. This research deepens our understanding of lower limb biomechanics and ankle joint health. By evaluating stress effects and designing custom shoes, it enhances ankle injury treatment and management strategies. The patient, a 70-year-old woman with an internal fixation on her ankle joint, underwent a CT scan of her ankle. The patient underwent a number of experiments to evaluate her stability. EMG was used to determine the muscle stress for a brief period of time, and ground reaction force was then used to determine the pressure of walking. Both EMG and GRF have two walking speeds of1.5and 2 km/h while wearing four different types of shoes. The behavior of the EMG demonstrates that the stress on the muscle increases as walking speed increases, and the results varies depending on the shoe. The patient is afraid to apply pressure to the injured foot, so the health foot has better pressure over the entire foot

Molecular plasticity to ocean warming and habitat loss in a coral reef fish.

Sea surface temperatures are rising at unprecedented rates, leading to a progressive degradation of complex habitats formed by coral reefs. In parallel, acute thermal stress can lead to physiological challenges for ectotherms that inhabit coral reefs, including fishes. Warming and habitat simplification could push marine fishes beyond their physiological limits in the near future. Specifically, questions remain on how warming and habitat structure influence the brain of marine fishes. Here we evaluated how thermal stress and habitat loss are acting independently and synergistically as stressors in a damselfish of the Western Atlantic, Abudefduf saxatilis. For this experiment, 40 individuals were exposed to different combinations of temperature (27°C or 31°C) and habitat complexity (complex vs simple) for 10 days, and changes in brain gene expression and oxidative stress of liver and muscle were evaluated. The results indicate that warming resulted in increased oxidative damage in the liver (p=0.007) and changes in gene expression of the brain including genes associated with neurotransmission, immune function, and tissue repair. Individuals from simplified habitats showed higher numbers of differentially expressed genes, and changes for genes associated with synaptic plasticity and spatial memory. In addition, a reference transcriptome of A. saxatilis is presented here for the first time, serving as a resource for future molecular studies. This project enhances our understanding of how fishes are responding to the combination of coral reef degradation and thermal stress, while elucidating the plastic mechanisms that will enable generalists to persist in a changing world.

Decreased grip strength is associated with paraspinal muscular oxidative stress in female lumbar degenerative disease patients.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between superoxide dismutase 2-related oxidative stress in the paraspinal muscles and spinal alignment, clinical skeletal muscle parameters, and mitochondrial function. Multifidus muscle samples from patients who underwent posterior lumbar surgery were analyzed. Patients with diseases affecting oxidative stress and spinal alignment were excluded. The superoxide dismutase 2 redox index was defined as the ratio of reactive oxygen species (superoxide) to antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 2) and was used as an index of oxidative stress. Patients were divided into two groups based on the superoxide dismutase 2 redox index. Spinal alignment, clinical skeletal muscle parameters, and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) mean grayscale value were compared between the groups, with analyzes for both sexes. Multiple regression analyzes were used to adjust for the confounding effect of age on variables showing a significant difference between the two groups. Thirty-five patients with lumbar degenerative diseases were included. No significant differences were observed between the two groups for any of the parameters in males; however, females with a higher superoxide dismutase 2 redox index had greater lumbar lordosis, lower grip strength, and higher SDH mean grayscale value than those with a lower index. Multiple regression analyzes revealed that the superoxide dismutase 2 redox index was an independent explanatory variable for lumbar lordosis, grip strength, and SDH mean grayscale value in female patients. In conclusion, superoxide dismutase 2-related oxidative stress in the paraspinal muscles was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased grip strength in female lumbar degenerative disease patients.

Resveratrol relieves HFD-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissue through antioxidant capacity enhancement and the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway.

Resveratrol has received much attention due to its beneficial effects including antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of resveratrol treatment on oxidative stress and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed animals. A total of 30 six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to three groups (10 animals in each group): The control group in which mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD); the HFD group in which mice were fed an HFD for 26 weeks; and the HFD-resveratrol group in which HFD was replaced by a resveratrol supplemented-HFD (400mg/kg diet) after 10 weeks of HFD feeding. At the end of this period, gastrocnemius muscle samples were examined to determine insulin resistance and the oxidative status in the presence of HFD and resveratrol. Resveratrol supplementation in HFD-fed mice reduced body and adipose tissue weight, improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased oxidative stress as indicated by lower malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and higher total antioxidant capacity. The supplement also increased the expression and activity of antioxidative enzymes in gastrocnemius muscle and modulated Nrf2 and Keap1 expression levels. These results suggest that resveratrol is effective in improving the antioxidant defense system of the skeletal muscle in HFD-fed mice, indicating its therapeutic potential to combat diseases associated with insulin resistance and oxidative stress.

Feedback regulation between AMPK and HIF-1α contributes to color stability via energy metabolism and mitochondrial efficiency regulation of yak meat

Despite the well-established individual roles of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in sensing energy stress and/or hypoxia in postmortem muscle, a knowledge gap persists regarding their interplay and the consequent impact on the yak meat color stability. This study aimed to elucidate the AMPK–HIF–1α interaction and its consequential impact on mitochondrial functionality, energy metabolism, and ultimately, color attributes. Postmortem yak longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscles were incubated with saline, AMPK inhibitor (Compound C), Compound C plus HIF-1α activator (DMOG), and Compound C plus HIF-1α inhibitor (YC-1) for 0, 6, 12, 24, 72, and 120 h, respectively. Results indicate that Compound C hindered the nuclear translocation of HIF-1α (P < 0.001), in turn, DMOG upregulated AMPK protein levels (P < 0.05) by a yet unknown mechanism. Mass spectrometry analysis identified seven AMPK-induced phosphorylation sites (Ser58, Thr63, Ser65, Tyr66, Thr677, Ser14, and Ser15) mapped onto three phosphopeptides on HIF-1α. Moreover, Compound C induced a significant reduction in energy metabolism levels, evidenced by decreased glycogen degradation, lactate accumulation, and pH decline (P < 0.05). Besides, Compound C promoted a consistently decreased mitochondrial protein yield, reduced NADH content, and OCR (P < 0.05). However, DMOG attenuated the effects of Compound C on mitochondrial efficiency, and interconversion of oxy-to deoxymyoglobin. Collectively, these findings establish the collaborative influence of AMPK and HIF-1α on postmortem energy metabolism, concurrently emphasizing their antagonistic effects on mitochondrial function.

Nitrosative Stress in Astronaut Skeletal Muscle in Spaceflight.

Long-duration mission (LDM) astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS) (>180 ISS days) revealed a close-to-normal sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase type-1 (NOS1) immunoexpression in myofibers together with biochemical and quantitative qPCR changes in deep calf soleus muscle. Nitro-DIGE analyses identified functional proteins (structural, metabolic, mitochondrial) that were over-nitrosylated post- vs. preflight. In a short-duration mission (SDM) astronaut (9 ISS days), s-nitrosylation of a nodal protein of the glycolytic flux, specific proteins in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, respiratory chain, and over-nitrosylation of creatine kinase M-types as signs of impaired ATP production and muscle contraction proteins were seen. S-nitrosylation of serotransferrin (TF) or carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3b and 3c) represented signs of acute response microgravity muscle maladaptation. LDM nitrosoprofiles reflected recovery of mitochondrial activity, contraction proteins, and iron transporter TF as signs of muscle adaptation to microgravity. Nitrosated antioxidant proteins, alcohol dehydrogenase 5/S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (ADH5/GSNOR), and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) levels indicated signs of altered redox homeostasis and reduced protection from nitrosative stress in spaceflight. This work presents a novel spaceflight-generated dataset on s-nitrosylated muscle protein signatures from astronauts that helps both to better understand the structural and molecular networks associated to muscular nitrosative stress and to design countermeasures to dysfunction and impaired performance control in human spaceflight missions.

Muscle Fatigue Analysis and Stress Detection from Surface EMG and ECG Data Obtained Using Deep Learning for Upper-Limb Trauma Rehabilitation

Background: The repetitive nature of physical rehabilitation may result in excess muscular fatigue, which can adversely impact an individual's motor function, leading to discomfort or even physical injury. Moreover, individuals who have experienced trauma tend to encounter difficulties concentrating, which can significantly impede their physical capabilities. Regrettably, existing therapeutic approaches do not appear to consider the potential mental exhaustion of patients. This study aimed to create a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) model for assessing muscle fatigue stage and mental stress conditions during physical rehabilitation of trauma-injured patients. Methods: Data corresponding to 188 EMG signals and 223 ECG signals were collected from the Jimma University physiotherapy clinic and prepared for signal processing. Since the 4th-order Butterworth filter performs better than the other filters, it was chosen to denoise the data. The data were then split at a ratio of 60:20:20 to train, validate, and test the data. Finally, the developed Bi-LSTM model was deployed. Results: The Bi-LSTM model achieved an accuracy of 95% for multiclass muscle fatigue classification, and 97% accuracy was achieved for the binary classification of mental stress. The GUI provides a setting appropriate for routine model usage. Conclusion: The results indicate that monitoring the muscle condition and mental status of traumatized patients can be performed in a clinical setting for effective physical rehabilitation.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of TAI CHI Ch-Uan Exercises on Balance Control among Older People Living in Selected Old Age Homes in Bangalore, Karnataka

Background and Purpose: The treatment of balance disorders lacks a fixed method, with identification andmanagement of external factors being crucial. Many balance disorders benefit from balance training and moderatephysical activity. Exercise programs encompass strength training, balance and coordination exercises, dual tasktraining, hydrotherapy, tai chi, and yoga, all proven to enhance balance. Tai Chi Chuan, a martial art, utilizes slow,graceful moves and precise body movements to enhance body awareness and balance, combined with breathingtechniques for mind-body harmony and energy flow. Practicing Tai Chi fosters muscle strength, flexibility, aerobicconditioning, and stress reduction, contributing to overall well-being and balance improvement.Methods: The study was conducted at Omashram Trust, Bangalore, Karnataka. The research design selectedfor the study was quasi experimental pre-test post-test with experimental and control group. Non probabilitypurposive sampling technique was adopted to select the samples. The data collection tool consisted of part I andpart II.Part I – Dealt with the interview schedule for demographic data which consist of 13 items used to collect thesample characteristics such as age in years, gender, religion, educational status, past occupation, source of income,marital status, diet, on a therapeutic diet, practice of regular exercise, presence of any physical illness, aware ofinformation about Tai Chi Chuan exercise, if yes.Part II - Berg balance scale was used to assess the balance control in older people.Results of the StudyAssociation between the body balance status and demographic variablesa) Experimental GroupThe finding of this study in the experimental group showed that there was significant association between the levelof balance control and demographic variables such as age and past occupation. Hence the research hypothesis wasaccepted at 0.05 level of significance and null hypothesis was rejected.&#x0D; Control GroupThe finding of this study in the control group proved that there was significant association between the level ofbalance control and demographic variables such as age, education and presence of any physical illness. Hence theresearch hypothesis was accepted at 0.05 level of significance and null hypothesis was rejected.Discussion: The overall findings of the study clearly showed that effectiveness of tai CHI CH-UAN exerciseson balance control among older people living in selected old age homeswas more effective for the Experimentalgroup than the Control group.

Development of jujube matcha energy gel and its effect on physical endurance performance of young active subjects

Energy gels are widely used as an ergogenic aid to enhance athletic performance. Most energy gels in the market contain mainly maltodextrin. Prolonged or high-intensity exercise can result in the formation of free radicals, oxidative stress in active muscle, and accelerated muscle fatigue which affect physical endurance performance. This study aimed to develop an antioxidant energy gel using jujube as the base ingredient. Jujube is rich in natural glucose, fructose, potassium, and ascorbic acid. The gel was fortified with 2.5% matcha powder with antioxidant properties. Other minor ingredients include whey protein and pectin. Sensory attributes of jujube matcha energy gel were evaluated by fifty panellists. The mean overall acceptability score of the energy gel was 6.94 out of 9 with an acceptance index of 77%. Jujube matcha energy gel contains 72.44% moisture, 16.30% carbohydrate, 7.72% protein, 1.33% fat, 2.21% ashes, and 108 cal/100 g. The energy gel exhibited a relatively high antioxidant activity with DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 83.26%, ferric reducing antioxidant power of 49.21 mg FE/g, total phenolic content of 29.36 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoids content of 7.54 mg CE/g. Twenty-meter beep tests were conducted to examine the effects of consuming jujube matcha gel on the physical performance of 10 active subjects (ages 18-25). Blood glucose, time to exhaustion, Borg rating of perceived exertion, and predicted VO2max were recorded. Overall, subjects were found to endure longer in the 20-meter beep test after consuming jujube matcha gel with an 18% improvement in time to exhaustion as compared to the control.

Reduction in systemic muscle stress markers after exercise-induced muscle damage following concurrent training and supplementation with specific collagen peptides - a randomized controlled trial.

Collagen peptide supplementation in conjunction with exercise has been shown to improve structural and functional adaptations of both muscles and the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to explore whether specific collagen peptide (SCP) supplementation combined with a concurrent training intervention can improve muscular stress after exercise-induced muscle damage, verified by reliable blood markers. 55 sedentary to moderately active males participating in a concurrent training (CT) intervention (3x/week) for 12 weeks were administered either 15 g of SCP or placebo (PLA) daily. Before (T1) and after the intervention (T2), 150 muscle-damaging drop jumps were performed. Blood samples were collected to measure creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin (MYO) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) before, after, and at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h post exercise. A combination of concurrent training and SCP administration showed statistically significant interaction effects, implying a lower increase in the area under the curve (AUC) of MYO (p = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.184), CK (p = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.145) and LDH (p = 0.016, ηp2 = 0.133) in the SCP group. On closer examination, the absolute mean differences (ΔAUCs) showed statistical significance in MYO (p = 0.017, d = 0.771), CK (p = 0.039, d = 0.633) and LDH (p = 0.016, d = 0.764) by SCP supplementation. In conclusion, 12 weeks of 15 g SCP supplementation combined with CT intervention reduced acute markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and improved post-exercise regenerative capacity, as evidenced by the altered post-exercise time course. The current findings indicate that SCP supplementation had a positive effect on the early phase of muscular recovery by either improving the structural integrity of the muscle and extracellular matrix during the training period or by accelerating membrane and cytoskeletal protein repair. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05220371?cond=NCT05220371&rank=1, NCT05220371.

Neuroprotective treatment with the nitrone compound OKN-007 mitigates age-related muscle weakness in aging mice.

Despite the universal impact of sarcopenia on compromised health and quality of life in the elderly, promising pharmaceutical approaches that can effectively mitigate loss of muscle and function during aging have been limited. Our group and others have reported impairments in peripheral motor neurons and loss of muscle innervation as initiating factors in sarcopenia, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated oxidative stress in muscle. We recently reported a reduction in α motor neuron loss in aging mice in response to the compound OKN-007, a proposed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the current study, we asked whether OKN-007 treatment in wildtype male mice for 8-9months beginning at 16months of age can also protect muscle mass and function. At 25months of age, we observed a reduction in the loss of whole-body lean mass, a reduced loss of innervation at the neuromuscular junction and well-preserved neuromuscular junction morphology in OKN-007 treated mice versus age matched wildtype untreated mice. The loss in muscle force generation in aging mice (~ 25%) is significantly improved with OKN-007 treatment. In contrast, OKN-007 treatment provided no protection in loss of muscle mass in aging mice. Mitochondrial function was improved by OKN-007 treatment, consistent with its potential antioxidative properties. Together, these exciting findings are the first to demonstrate that interventions through neuroprotection can be an effective therapy to counter aging-related muscle dysfunction.

EFFECT OF AMMONIUM PYRROLIDINEDITHIOCARBAMATE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN BICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLES OF RATS DURING MODELLED METABOLIC SYNDROME

Excessive consumption of high-calorie food, a sedentary lifestyle and increased psycho-emotional stress are risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome. These factors are especially relevant for residents of countries with highly developed economies. Metabolic syndrome is accompanied not only by metabolic disorders, but also leads to the development of a systemic inflammatory response, which is associated with excessive production and circulation of cytokines in the blood. As a rule, the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.&#x0D; The aim of this work is to determine the effect of the NF-κB transcription factor activation inhibitor on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the production of superoxide anion radical, the content of oxidatively modified proteins, and the concentration of malondialdehyde in the biceps femoris muscle of rats who underwent experimental metabolic syndrome.&#x0D; The study included 24 sexually mature male Wistar rats weighing 200-260 g. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. The first group was the control group; the second group involved the rats exposed to metabolic syndrome simulated by adding a 20% fructose solution as the only source of drinking water to the standard vivarium diet for 60 days; the third group involved the animals received ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in a dose of 76 mg/kg intraperitoneally 3 times a week for 60 days; the fourth group was exposed to the combined effect of the ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate administration during modeled metabolic syndrome. In this study we investigated a 10% homogenate of the biceps femoris muscle with the research focus on several parameters: superoxide anion radical production, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and the presence of oxidatively modified proteins.&#x0D; Simulation of the metabolic syndrome led to the development of oxidative stress in the biceps muscle of rats that was accompanied by an increase in the production of the superoxide anion radical and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The administration of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate during modeled metabolic syndrome caused a decrease in the basic production of superoxide anion radical, production of superoxide anion radical by the microsomal electron transport chain and production of superoxide anion radical by the mitochondrial electron transport chain by 30.28%, 26.21 %, and 27.00%, respectively, compared to the rats in metabolic syndrome group. Superoxide dismutase activity increased by 78.81% and catalase activity grew by 144.74% compared to the metabolic syndrome group. The concentration of free malondialdehyde under the administration of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate during metabolic syndrome reduced by 51.80%, and the content of oxidatively modified proteins decreased by 31.74% compared to the metabolic syndrome group.&#x0D; The administration of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, an NF-κB transcription factor activation inhibitor, effectively prevents the development of oxidative stress in the biceps femoris muscle of rats with modeled metabolic syndrome.&#x0D; This study is a part of the initiative research project No. 0124U000092 "High- and low-intensity phenotypes of systemic inflammatory response: molecular mechanisms and new medical technologies for their prevention and correction".

Celecoxib attenuates hindlimb unloading-induced muscle atrophy via suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress and ER stress by inhibiting STAT3.

Improving inflammation may serve as useful therapeutic interventions for the hindlimb unloading-induced disuse muscle atrophy. Celecoxib is a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. We aimed to determine the role and mechanism of celecoxib in hindlimb unloading-induced disuse muscle atrophy. Celecoxib significantly attenuated the decrease in soleus muscle mass, hindlimb muscle function and the shift from slow- to fast-twitch muscle fibers caused by hindlimb unloading in rats. Importantly, celecoxib inhibited the increased expression of inflammatory factors, macrophage infiltration in damaged soleus muscle. Mechanistically, Celecoxib could significantly reduce oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in soleus muscle of unloaded rats. Furthermore, celecoxib inhibited muscle proteolysis by reducing the levels of MAFbx, MuRF1, and autophagy related proteins maybe by inhibiting the activation of pro-inflammatory STAT3 pathway in vivo and in vitro. This study is the first to demonstrate that celecoxib can attenuate disuse muscle atrophy caused by hindlimb unloading via suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress probably, improving target muscle function and reversing the shift of muscle fiber types by inhibiting STAT3 pathways-mediated inflammatory cascade. This study not only enriches the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms, but also provides new potential therapeutic targets for disuse muscle atrophy.

Effects of Dityrosine on Lactic Acid Metabolism in Mice Gastrocnemius Muscle During Endurance Exercise via the Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondria Damage.

Dityrosine (Dityr) has been detected in commercial food as a product of protein oxidation and has been shown to pose a threat to human health. This study aims to investigate whether Dityr causes a decrease in lactic acid metabolism in the gastrocnemius muscle during endurance exercise. C57BL/6 mice were administered Dityr or saline by gavage for 13 weeks and underwent an endurance exercise test on a treadmill. Dityr caused a severe reduction in motion displacement and endurance time, along with a significant increase in lactic acid accumulation in the blood and gastrocnemius muscle in mice after exercise. Dityr induced significant mitochondrial defects in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice. Additionally, Dityr induced serious oxidative stress in the gastrocnemius muscle, accompanied by inflammation, which might be one of the causes of mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, significant apoptosis in the gastrocnemius muscle increased after exposure to Dityr. This study confirmed that Dityr induced oxidative stress in the gastrocnemius muscle, which further caused significant mitochondrial damage in the gastrocnemius muscle cell, resulting in decreased capacity of lactic acid metabolism and finally affected performance in endurance exercise. This may be one of the possible mechanisms by which highly oxidized foods cause a decreased muscle energy metabolism.

Impact of Saussurea lappa against foodborne parasite Trichinella spiralis experimental infections induced variation in DNA damage, oxidative stress and PCNA expression in rat skeletal muscles.

Trichinellosis is a parasite zoonosis that is spread through ingesting raw or undercooked meat that contains the Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infective larvae. It has three clinical phases: intestinal, migratory, and muscular. Kuth root, also known as Costus (Saussurea lappa) roots, is used in many traditional medical systems all over the world to treat a variety of illnesses, such as dyspepsia, diarrhoea, vomiting, and inflammation. Current study assessed the therapeutic Potential of costus roots extract (CRE) treatment on experimental trichinellosis induce changes in DNA damage, oxidative stress and Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in muscle fibers in male rats. A total of 60 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (Gps) [Gp1, Negative control; Gp2, Costus (CRE); Gp3, Positive control or Infected rats with T. spiralis, Gp4; Pre-treated infection with CRE; Gp5 & Gp6, Post treated infection with CRE for one and two weeks respectively]. Current results revealed that; Trichinella spiralis experimentally infection induced significant elevation in tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA damage, PCNA expression and significant depletion in tissue glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Cat) activities. Pre or/and post CRE treated infected rats with T. spiralis (Gp4-Gp6) induced improvements and depletion in DNA damage, PCNA expression, MDA and elevation in GSH, SOD, catalase as compared to infected rats with T. spiralis (Gp3) with best results for the pretreatments (Gp4). Trichinella spiralis experimental infection induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in rat skeletal muscles and treatments with costus roots extract modulates these changes.

Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone hinders aging progression in male mice and D-galactose-induced cells.

Background: Understanding and promoting healthy aging has become a necessity in the modern world, where life expectancy is rising. The prospective benefits of the antioxidant pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in healthy aging are promising. However, its role in aging remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PQQ on preventing the progression of aging and to explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Naturally aged C57BL/6J male mice were fed a normal diet with or without PQQ (20mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance at weeks 0 and 8. The integument conditions were evaluated at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Muscle strength and function were examined at week 8. At the ninth week, computed tomography images of the mice were captured, and blood and tissue samples were collected. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the gastrocnemius muscle were measured, and the muscle fiber cross-sectional area in the soleus muscle was examined. Additionally, a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced cell aging model was used to study the effects of PQQ intervention on cell proliferation, senescence, differentiation, ROS levels, and mitochondrial function in myoblasts (C2C12). Cell proliferation and monolayer permeability of D-gal-induced intestinal epithelial cells (IEC6) were also examined. Results: Aged mice suffered from malnutrition; however, PQQ supplementation ameliorated this effect, possibly by improving metabolic dysfunction and small intestinal performance. PQQ prevented rapid loss of body fat and body fluid accumulation, attenuated muscle atrophy and weakening, reduced chronic inflammation in skeletal muscles, and improved skin and coating conditions in aged mice. Furthermore, PQQ intervention in D-gal-treated C2C12 cells improved mitochondrial function, reduced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and senescence, and enhanced cell differentiation, consequently preventing age-related muscle atrophy. In addition, PQQ increased cell proliferation in D-gal-treated IEC6 cells and consequently improved intestinal barrier function. Conclusion: PQQ could hinder the aging process and particularly attenuate muscle atrophy, and muscle weakness by improving mitochondrial function, leading to reduced age-related oxidative stress and inflammation in muscles. PQQ may also ameliorate malnutrition caused by intestinal barrier dysfunction by enhancing IEC proliferation. This study provides evidence for the role of PQQ in aging and suggests that PQQ may be a potential nutritional supplementation that can be included in healthy aging strategies.

EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE/NITROSATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS IN KIDNEY, HEART AND MUSCLE TISSUES OF Oncorhynchus mykiss (WALBAUM, 1792) TREATED WITH MERCURY CHLORIDE (HgCl2)

The widespread presence of mercury (Hg) and its derivatives in aquatic environments necessitates the investigation of their toxic effects on fish and the potential risks they pose to the health of local populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of mercury chloride (HgCl2) on Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum. 1792) by examining the dynamics of oxidative and nitrosative stress in muscle, kidney, and heart tissues. The rainbow trout used in the study had an average weight of 125.65±8.30 g. Five experimental groups were created, including a control group and groups exposed to 25% LC50 concentration of HgCl2 for 7 and 14 days, as well as groups exposed to 50% LC50 concentration of HgCl2 for 7 and 14 days. A total of 120 fish, with 40 fish assigned to each tissue (muscle, kidney, and heart), were used in the study. To evaluate oxidative/nitrosative stress, various parameters including ONOOˉ, TOS, TAS, OSI, and MDA levels were measured. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the experimental groups in terms of TAS, TOS, OSI, ONOOˉ, and MDA levels in all three tissues (muscle, kidney, and heart) (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that HgCl2 induces stress and toxicity in rainbow trout, as evidenced by increased levels of MDA and ONOOˉ, which are stress indicators in the fish.

Design and evaluation of a smart passive dynamic arm support for robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery

Surgeons performing robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery experience physical stress and overuse of shoulder muscles due to sub-optimal arm support during surgery. The objective is to present a novel design and prototype of a dynamic arm support for robotic laparoscopic surgery to evaluate its ergonomics and performance on the AdLap-VR simulation training device. The prototype was designed using the mechanical engineering design process: Technical requirements, concept creation, concept selection, 3D-design and built of the prototype. A crossover study was performed on a marble sorting task on the AdLap-VR. The first group performed four trials without the arm support, followed by four trials with the arm support, and the other group executed the sequence vice versa. The performance parameters used were time to complete (s), path length (mm), and the number of collisions. Afterward, the participants filled out a questionnaire on the ergonomic experience regarding both situations. 20 students executed 160 performed trials on the AdLap-VR Significant decreases in the subjective comfort parameters mental demand, physical demand, effort and frustration were observed as a result of introducing the novel arm support. Significant decreases in the objective performance parameters path length and the number of collisions were also observed during the tests. The newly developed dynamic arm support was found to improve comfort and enhance performance through increased stability on the robotic surgery skills simulator AdLap-VR.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Chitosan on the Muscle Composition, Digestion, Lipid Metabolism, and Stress Resistance of Juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Cadmium-Induced Stress.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on the muscle composition, digestion, lipid metabolism, and stress resistance, and their related gene expression, of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subjected to cadmium (Cd2+) stress. Juvenile tilapia with an initial body weight of 21.21 ± 0.24 g were fed with a formulated feed containing five different levels (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of chitosan for 60 days, while the water in all experimental groups contained a Cd2+ concentration of 0.2 mg/L. The results showed that, compared with the control group (0% chitosan), the contents of crude fat and crude protein in the muscle, the activities of lipase, trypsin, and amylase in the intestine, as well as the relative expression levels of metallothionein (mt), cytochrome P450 1A (cyp1a), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (cpt-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparγ), hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl), lipoprotein lipase (lpl), malate dehydrogenase (mdh), leptin (lep), fatty acid synthase (fas), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (srebp1), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (scd) genes in the liver of juveniles were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary chitosan supplementation could alleviate the effects of Cd2+ stress on the muscle composition, digestive enzymes, lipid metabolism, and stress resistance, and their related gene expression, of juvenile tilapia, and to some extent reduce the toxic effect of Cd2+ stress on tilapia.

Targeted Proteomics Reveals Functional Targets for Early Diabetes Susceptibility in Young Adults.

The circulating proteome may encode early pathways of diabetes susceptibility in young adults for surveillance and intervention. Here, we define proteomic correlates of tissue phenotypes and diabetes in young adults. We used penalized models and principal components analysis to generate parsimonious proteomic signatures of diabetes susceptibility based on phenotypes and on diabetes diagnosis across 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study; mean age, 32 years; 44% women; 43% Black; mean body mass index, 25.6±4.9 kg/m2), with validation against diabetes in >1800 individuals in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) and WHI (Women's Health Initiative). In 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in CARDIA, we identified 2 proteotypes of diabetes susceptibility-a proinflammatory fat proteotype (visceral fat, liver fat, inflammatory biomarkers) and a muscularity proteotype (muscle mass), linked to diabetes in CARDIA and WHI/FHS. These proteotypes specified broad mechanisms of early diabetes pathogenesis, including transorgan communication, hepatic and skeletal muscle stress responses, vascular inflammation and hemostasis, fibrosis, and renal injury. Using human adipose tissue single cell/nuclear RNA-seq, we demonstrate expression at transcriptional level for implicated proteins across adipocytes and nonadipocyte cell types (eg, fibroadipogenic precursors, immune and vascular cells). Using functional assays in human adipose tissue, we demonstrate the association of expression of genes encoding these implicated proteins with adipose tissue metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance. A multifaceted discovery effort uniting proteomics, underlying clinical susceptibility phenotypes, and tissue expression patterns may uncover potentially novel functional biomarkers of early diabetes susceptibility in young adults for future mechanistic evaluation.