Stress In Mothers Of Children Research Articles

Factors determining parenting stress in mothers of children with atopic dermatitis

BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) influences a child's emotional and social well-being, as well as his or her physical health. The influence of AD on the daily lives of parents and caregivers has also been documented. This study examined how parenting stress is affected by demographic background, characteristics of children's AD, and their family systems. MethodsThe participants were mothers of children, aged 2–6 years old, who had been diagnosed with AD. The predictive power of a model of parenting stress was examined using multiple regression analysis (stepwise), with parenting stress (PSI-SF) as the dependent variable, and children's demographics, including characteristics of AD; parents' demographics; QoL of families of children with AD (JCMV-CADIS); and family functioning (FAI) as independent variables. We handled missing values using a multiple imputation method. ResultsThe pooled coefficients obtained from the multiple regression analysis after multiple imputation indicated that “family cohesion,” “family system flexibility,” “emotions related to social factors” and “occupation of mother” determined parenting stress. Lower family cohesion and family system flexibility predicted higher parenting stress. The high impact of “emotions related to social factors” on families’ QoL predicted higher parenting stress. Full-time work by mothers predicted lower parenting stress. ConclusionsThe current results reveal that “family cohesion,” “family system flexibility,” “emotions related to social factors” and “full-time work by mothers” predicted parenting stress of mothers who had children with AD.

An Integrative Review of Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism in Japan

Parents of children with autism experience elevated stress that may be influenced by specific characteristics of the child and parent, including cultural norms and beliefs about parenting. However, there is little research on families of children with autism from cultural perspectives. The purpose of this integrative review is to identify factors influencing parenting stress in mothers of children with autism in Japan. A final sample of 15 primary research articles (2000–2015) on parenting stress in mothers of Japanese children with autism was selected using several databases. The findings suggested that these mothers experience much greater parenting stress than mothers of typically developing children and children with other disabilities. Japanese mothers also demonstrate stress related to attachment difficulties, low parenting efficacy and lack of support, reflecting Japanese parenting styles and gender ideology. Parent-directed and culturally calibrated interventions are needed to support parents of children with autism, especially cultural minority parents.

The Effect of Resilience Training on the Condition of Style of Coping and Parental Stress in Mothers of Children with Leukemia

Background Diagnosis of cancer in children has an adverse effect on the family. Resilience refers to the ability of humans to adapt to diseases, the pain and suffering caused by parental stresses and stressful factors in the life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resilience training on the styles of coping status and parental stress of mothers whose children had leukemia. Materials and Methods At a case- control study, 60 mothers of children with leukemia were selected by available sampling method in Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital in Kermanshah city, Iran. They were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (n=30), and control group (n=30). Connor-Davidson Resiliency Questionnaire, coping styles and parental stress form were used for data collection. The experimental group was trained nine sessions of resilience training weekly and the control group did not receive any training. Results The mean score of mothers' style of coping after the training intervention in the experimental were increased (101.93±31.42 versus 89.20+ 23.84), and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Also the mean of parental stress score after the training intervention in the experimental group were decreased (37.41±13.12 versus 54.23+ 21.09), and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion The results of this study showed that mothers who were trained under resilience skills, had significant progress in increasing the style of coping and reducing parental stress in comparison with mothers in control group.

Heightened parental stress in mothers of children with visual impairment.

This commentary is on the original article by Sakkalou et al. on pages 290–298 of this issue.

Child Autism Spectrum Disorder Traits and Parenting Stress: The Utility of Using a Physiological Measure of Parental Stress

Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report greater stress due to unique parenting demands (e.g.; Estes et al. in Brain Dev 35(2):133-138, 2013). Stress is often studied through self-report and has not been extensively studied using physiological measures. This study compared parenting stress in mothers of children with and without ASD traits. Twenty-seven mother-child dyads participated in an interaction task while measuring mother's heart rate variability (HRV) and mothers self-reported stress levels. Results demonstrated that while self-report and physiological stress measures were not correlated, ASD symptomology did account for HRV change score (i.e., more severe ASD symptoms were positively related to HRV change). This may reflect an atypical coping response. Implications for using physiological indicators for studying parenting stress are explored.

Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Down Syndrome in Preschool Age

Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Down Syndrome in Preschool Age Research suggests that parenting stress is elevated in parents of children with intellectual disabilities. However, data are inconsistent if this holds true for parents of children with Down syndrome. As part of the Heidelberg Down syndrome study, 52 mothers of children with Down syndrome (mean age: 5 years) completed the German adaptation of the Parenting Stress Index. These results show significantly elevated stress scores in scales measuring demanding and less acceptable behavior of the children (child characteristics). Scores in scales measuring parent characteristics do not differ significantly from the norms. Global stress scores are associated with the degree of behavioral problems (SDQ) and adaptive competence (VABS-II). A regression analysis points to optimism as a dispositional trait of the mother which makes a significant contribution to the prediction of parenting stress scores. The implications for early intervention are discussed.

The Effectiveness of Partners’ Learning Method on Anxiety and Stress in Mothers of Children with Cystic Fibrosis

The Effectiveness of Partners’ Learning Method on Anxiety and Stress in Mothers of Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Influence of different training mode on the parenting stress in mothers of children with autism

Objective To explore the influence of different training mode on the parenting stress in mothers of children with autism. Methods According to the wishes of parents, 46 children with autism by first diagnosed and their mothers were divided into combination training group (23 cases) and control group (23 cases). The children in combination training group received a family rehabilitation training besides the structured institution-based teaching programme, and the children in control group only received the structured institution-based teaching programme. Comparisons were made between the two groups by the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form score after 1 year teaching. Results Before teaching, the domain score of parental distress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction, difficult child and total score of parenting stress were (37.7±5.6), (35.4±4.1), (38.3±5.4), (111.3±10.5) points in control group, while those were (37.9±5.8), (34.7±4.3), (38.8±4.9), (112.1±9.3) points in combination training group. There was no significant difference between two groups(t=0.155-0.531, all P>0.05). After 1 year teaching, the domain score of parental distress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction, difficult child and total score of parenting stress were (34.0±3.4), (30.7±2.8), (34.3±2.2), (99.0±4.7) points in control group, while those were (34.3±3.7), (28.7±3.1), (31.1±2.4), (94.1±6.8) points in combination training group. The combination training group reported a lower level than control group in the domains score of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, difficult child and total score of parenting stress (t=-2.340, -4.595, -2.890, all P 0.05). Both two groups after 1 year teaching, mothers of children with autism experienced a lower level in all the domains and the total score of parenting stress than before teaching(combination training group: t=3.562-7.925, control group: t=2.534-4.768, all P<0.05). Conclusions Family rehabilitation training combined with institutions could reduce the parenting stress of mothers with autistic children and be worthy of clinical promotion and application. Key words: Children with autism; Parenting stress; Training mode

Stress and Posttraumatic Stress in Mothers of Children With Type 1 Diabetes.

The onset of acute and chronic illness in children frequently triggers episodes of stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in mothers. Mothers of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) consistently report high levels of stress and PTSS. The purpose of this integrative review was to review and synthesize the published empirical research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to conduct this integrative literature review. A total of 19 studies were identified from a sample of 128. Stress and PTSS were prevalent in mothers of youth with T1D. While PTSS was most severe at disease onset, symptoms often persisted 1 to 5 years after diagnosis. The diagnosis of T1D in a child was traumatic for mothers. Stress and PTSS in mothers adversely affected children's health. Management of stress symptoms in mothers may lead to improved behavioral and metabolic outcomes in children.

The Relationship Between Attitude Towards Oneself, the World and the Future, and Parental Stress in Mothers of Children With Learning Disabilities

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between attitude towards oneself, the world and the future, and parental stress in mothers of children with learning disability. Methods: The population of the study was all mothers that had a child with learning disabilities, studying in learning disabilities special schools during academic year 2014 - 2015, in Ahvaz. They were selected by ‘counting all’ sampling method after answering the research tools including parental stress scale and cognitive triad inventory. Among all mothers, 98 mothers, who had answered the questionnaires completely participated in the study. Obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis and by SPSS-16 software with significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean and standard deviation obtained was 24.71 ± 7.09 for attitude towards oneself, 25 ± 6.14 for attitude towards the world, 25.09 ± 7.55 for attitude towards the future, and 70.57 ± 7.06 for the parental stress score. There was a significant positive relationship between a negative attitude towards oneself and the future, and parental stress. Conclusions: Stepwise multiple regression analysis illustrated that attitude towards the future can foresee 16% of the variance of parental stress, among the cognitive attitudes.

Relationship between perceived limit-setting abilities, autism spectrum disorder severity, behaviour problems and parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder

Parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is high and impacts perceptions about parenting. This study examined the relationship between parenting stress and observer-perceived limit-setting ability. Participants' perceptions of other parents' limit-setting ability were assessed by showing participants video clips of parenting behaviours. Mothers of 93 children with autism spectrum disorder completed an online survey regarding the severity of their own child's autism spectrum disorder (Social Communication Questionnaire), their child's behaviour problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and their own levels of parenting stress (Questionnaire on Resources and Stress). They were shown five videos of other parents interacting with children with autism spectrum disorder and were asked to rate the limit-setting abilities observed in each video using the Parent-Child Relationship Inventory. Higher parenting stress negatively related to judgements about others' limit-setting skills. This mirrors the literature regarding the relationship between self-reported parenting stress and rating child behaviour more negatively. It suggests that stress negatively impacts a wide range of judgements and implies that caution may be required when interpreting the results of studies in which parenting skills are assessed by self-report.

Impact of personal and social resources on parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This study examined the longitudinal associations between child behavior problems, coping strategies, social resources, and parenting stress in mothers of young children with autism spectrum disorder. Participants were 283 mothers who completed self- and child-report measures at the time of diagnosis and 2 years later. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to predict overall parenting stress. At diagnosis, the final model indicated that high levels of social support and mothers' use of active engaged coping strategies were associated with lower levels of parenting stress. Conversely, high levels of child externalizing behavior problems, family dysfunction, and mothers' use of disengaged coping strategies were associated with higher parenting stress. Two years later, high levels of parenting stress at diagnosis predicted increased parenting stress. In addition, high or increasing levels of social support predicted a decrease in parenting stress, while high or increasing levels of family dysfunction predicted increased stress. Finally, increased use of disengaged coping strategies and decreased use of active coping strategies over time predicted higher levels of parenting stress. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the provision of targeted supports that are designed to enhance the personal and social resources available to mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Relationship Between Self-Reported Health and Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

The current study explore the relationship between various forms of experienced stress (general stress and parenting stress) and both health-related quality of life (QoL) and reported physical health symptoms. One hundred and twenty-two mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder responded to an online survey included questionnaires on general stress, parenting stress, health-related QoL, and physical symptoms. The results suggested that perceived general stress as associated with both a reduced health-related QoL and more physical symptoms. However, parenting stress was only associated with a reduced health-related QoL, and not with physical health. These results are discussed in relation to the complex impact of prolonged and predictable parenting stress on the cortisol response and immune system.

약시아동 어머니의 상태불안, 양육 스트레스 및 부모 효능감 관계

therapy in G-city. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, correlation coefficient, using the SPSS program. Results: There was significant positive correlation between state-trait anxiety and parenting stress (r=.480, P<0.001) and negative correlation between state-trait anxiety and parenting self-efficacy (r=-.402, P<0.001). Parenting self-efficacy had negative correlation to parenting stress (r=-.484, P<0.001). Conclusions: Nursing intervention program which enhances the self-efficacy and reduces the parenting stress in mothers of children with amblyopia should be developed to improving vision of the children.

Effect of Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy on Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children With Autism.

Background:Due to the various problems of children with autism, their families and especially their mothers become exposed to stress.Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cognitive behavior group therapy on parenting stress of mothers of children with autism.Materials and Methods:The sample of this research consisted of sixteen mothers of children with autism. The measurement tools were the Abidin Parenting Stress questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire. The samples participated in seven sessions of cognitive behavior group therapy. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures test.Results:The findings indicated significant differences between scores of pretest and posttest considering parenting stress (P = 0.03) and subscales of parenting distress (P = 0.01), yet there weren’t significant differences in the other subscales (P > 0.05).Conclusions:Cognitive behavior group therapy could be an important part of interventions used to decrease parenting stress of mothers of children with autism.

Effectiveness of problem-solving training, exposure therapy, and the combined method on depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers of children with special needs

Aim: This study was designed with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of three methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy, including problem-solving, exposure therapy, and the combined method (the combination of both methods of problem-solving and exposure therapy) on depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers of children with special needs.Methods: Research samples consisted of 44 mothers who had children with special needs and were divided randomly into 4 groups of 11: (1) The problem-solving group, (2) the exposure group, (3) the combined group, and (4) the control group, by the use of an experimental design with pretest and posttest. The measurement tool in this study was Laviband depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistic methods such as frequency, percentage, and standard deviation; inferential statistics methods such as covariance test and post-hoc test least significant difference (LSD). Results: The results showed that all three methods were effective on improvement of both the general mental health and problems such as depression, anxiety and stress (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Based on this research and previous literature, cognitive-behavioral therapy methods, including problem-solving, exposure therapy, and the combined method were proved to be beneficial for mothers of children with disabilities, retardation, or other disorders, which can affect mental health. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the above-mentioned interventional methods are considered for these mothers.

Parental stress in mothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.

Objectivesto evaluate parental stress of mothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy; to verify whether parental stress undergoes variations according to the level of motor compromise, the child's phase of life, and sociodemographic variables.Methoda cross-sectional, descriptive study, with 223 mothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.Results45.3% of the mothers presented high levels of stress; there were differences in stress between mothers of children with mild and severe motor impairment; mothers of older children were more stressed than mothers of younger children and of adolescents; paid work and leisure activities reduced the stress.Conclusionmothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, whose children present mild to severe motor impairment are vulnerable to parental stress. Paid work and leisure activities were the factors that contributed most to reducing the stress.

Learned Resourcefulness and Coping with Stress in Mothers of Children with Disabilities

Problem Statement: Research has indicated that some mothers can cope with stressful life conditions and continue their lives normally, whereas others are unable to overcome such challenging conditions. Recent research has shown that mothers of children with disabilities are likely to know more about why some mothers have relatively well-adjusted lives despite stressful conditions, as well as why they cope better with these conditions than others. However, to date, studies in Turkey have only concentrated on the degree to which mothers of children with disabilities feel stress and which coping ways they use to curb the negative effects of stress. Purpose of the Study: This study aimed to examine the relationships between learned resourcefulness and ways of coping with stress. Methods: The study sample consisted of 222 mothers of children attending special education institutions during the 2011–2012 academic year in Sakarya, Turkey. The Self-Control Schedule and Ways of Coping Inventory were used to assess learned resourcefulness and coping strategies, the relationships among which investigated using Pearson

Stress in mothers of children with autism: Trait mindfulness as a protective factor

Mindfulness-based interventions may reduce parents’ stress and improve parent–child relationships. Given the chronic nature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its influence on parents’ stress, interventions to promote mindfulness may be especially helpful for parents of children with ASD. Prior to undertaking intervention development, it is first necessary to establish the relationship between mindfulness and stress, as other factors like child behavioral difficulties may overshadow the mother's regulation strategies. In a sample of mothers of children with ASD (n=67) and a comparison sample of mothers without ASD (n=87), mindfulness was significantly associated with the level of maternal stress above and beyond child behavior problems (non-ASD: β=−.232; F(1, 64)=15.749, p<.000; ASD: β=−.206; F(1, 84)=15.576, p<.000). Results suggest that interventions to promote mindfulness may be helpful in reducing parenting stress among mothers of children with ASD, as well as mothers of typically developing children. Due to the chronic nature of ASD, such interventions may be particularly applicable.

Anxiety and stress in mothers of food-allergic children.

Previous reports suggest that parents especially mothers of food-allergic children may have increased anxiety. Studies with an appropriate control group have not been undertaken, and the determinants of such anxiety are not known. We compared measures of anxiety and stress in mothers of food-allergic children and atopic non-food-allergic children, with anxiety and stress in mothers of children with no chronic illness. Cross-sectional study of mothers attending a hospital appointment for their 8- to 16-year-old child. Mothers of children with food allergy, asthma but no food allergy or no chronic illness completed questionnaires including State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale and measures of anxiety and psychologic adjustment in their child. Forty mothers of food-allergic children, 18 mothers of asthmatic children without food allergy and 38 mothers of children with no chronic illness (controls) were recruited. Mothers of food-allergic children showed increased state anxiety - median anxiety score 38.0 (IQR 30.0, 44.0) food allergy, 27.0 (22.0, 40.0) control p=0.012; and increased stress - median stress score 18.5 (12.0, 22.0) food allergy, 14.0 (7.5, 19.5) control p=0.035. No significant differences were seen between mothers in the asthmatic group and controls. In multivariate analysis, previous food anaphylaxis (p=0.008) and poorly controlled asthma (p=0.004) were associated with increased maternal anxiety. Child anxiety and adjustment did not differ between food-allergic and control groups. Mothers of food-allergic children have increased anxiety and stress compared with mothers of children with no chronic illness. Anaphylaxis and poorly controlled asthma are associated with maternal anxiety.