Adolescent Stress Research Articles

The mediating effects of self-esteem and anxiety on the relationship between perceived stress and school adjustment in adolescents: A comparison of self-injury and non self-injury groups

The mediating effects of self-esteem and anxiety on the relationship between perceived stress and school adjustment in adolescents: A comparison of self-injury and non self-injury groups

청소년의 스트레스가 자해행동에 미치는 영향: 사회적 지지에 의한 불안의 조절된 매개효과

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a moderated mediating effect of anxiety through social support in the process of stress influencing self-injury behavior. The subjects of the study were 5,937 elementary, middle, and high school students from the Korea Youth Policy Institute's ‘2021 Mental Health Survey of Teenagers’ data, and the adjusted mediation effect was verified using the Macro Process for SPSS program. The research results are as follows. First, as a result of examining the mediating effect of anxiety in the relationship between stress and self-injury behavior, it was confirmed that anxiety has a mediating effect in the process of stress affecting self-injury behavior. The results of a bootstrapping analysis to verify the significance of the indirect effect of anxiety, a mediator, showed that the mediation effect was statistically significant. Second, as a result of conducting a moderating effect analysis to determine whether social support plays a moderating role in the relationship between anxiety, which is a mediating variable, and self-injury behavior, which is a dependent variable, it was found that social support has a moderating effect in explaining the relationship between anxiety and self-injury behavior. appear. Third, as a result of analyzing the moderated mediation effect of anxiety through social support in the process of adolescent stress influencing self-injury behavior, the results showed that anxiety was moderated by social support in the process of adolescent stress influencing self-injury behavior. The effect was found to be significant. Based on these results, we proposed measures to manage stress, reduce anxiety, and expand the social support system as part of an effort to reduce self-injury behavior in adolescents.

Post-traumatic stress and joint hypermobility in children and adolescents of Nepal after exposure to an earthquake.

A substantial body of literature has traditionally addressed the connection between the exposure to catastrophic events and the development of Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD), especially in the vulnerable stratum of children and adolescents. However, little is known about their biological predisposing factors, and further research is needed, especially in the context of the recent earthquakes in Turkey and Syria. The data of this study was collected 4 months after the 2015 earthquakes in Nepal, with the objective of providing new evidence to the field and documenting the role of a new potential predisposing factor: the Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS). 941 subjects from three different regions of the country, aged 8-18 years, were assessed in a school-based cross-sectional investigation. PTSD, as the main response variable, was assessed using the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) questionnaire and analysed considering three sub-dimensions: the severity of symptoms, the severity of impairment, and both taken together. JHS was assessed using the Screening Questionnaire to detect Hypermobility (SQ-CH) questionnaire. The severity of symptoms was strongly predicted by the distance to the epicentre. Females showed more severe symptomatology, but a lower perturbation in the daily functioning. Younger children reported a greater functional impairment. JHS group showed more severe PTSD than non-JHS group. We observed variability in the severity of PTSD according to previously known risk factors such as the distance to the epicentre, sex, and age. We also found an association between PTSD and JHS, which is discussed in reference to the neuroconnective endophenotype. It might be useful to consider the role of each variable when planning a mass intervention after a disaster.

Adolescents' trait mindfulness and psychological stress: The mediating role of attention.

Based on the Combined Cognitive Biases Hypothesis, the current study via two parallel studies aims to explore the potential mediating role of attention biases and attention control regarding the link between trait mindfulness and psychological stress in adolescents. For Study 1, we collected self-reported data from 2123 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 15.6 years, SD = 2.37; 52.8% female) in four schools. The participants completed measures of trait mindfulness, perceived stress, and attention bias. Mediation analysis was employed to investigate the potential mediating effect of attention bias. In Study 2, 123 participants (mean age = 17.7 years, SD = 2.68; 41.46% female) completed the attention network task after inducing attention bias. Then, trait mindfulness and perceived stress were measured. Mediation analysis was employed to investigate the potential mediating effect of attention control (alerting, orienting, and conflict monitoring) under attention bias. Study 1 demonstrated a significant mediating effect of negative attention bias ([-0.13, -0.07], p < .05) but not positive attention bias in the relationship between trait mindfulness and psychological stress. Study 2 revealed that conflict monitoring in negative attention bias ([-0.41, -0.16], p < .05), rather than alerting and orienting in negative attention bias, showed a significant mediating effect on the association between trait mindfulness and psychological stress. Findings from the two studies suggest that conflict monitoring during negative attention bias may be the underlying mechanism through which trait mindfulness helps mitigate psychological stress in adolescents.

Greater perceived stress and lower cortisol concentration increase the odds of depressive symptoms among adolescents

BackgroundAdolescent depression is a major public health concern. Although stress has been linked to more severe depression, its association with mild depression among adolescents is not understood. This study assesses the relationship between perceived stress and cortisol (a physiologic measure of stress) and examines the relationships between these stress measures and depressive symptoms among adolescents 13–19 years of age. MethodsStress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale-10 and through salivary sampling for cortisol four times throughout the day. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to measure depressive symptoms (range 0–27), where ≥5 indicated the threshold for experiencing at least mild depressive symptoms. Spearman coefficients and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between our variables of interest. ResultsThe mean age of the 73 participants in our study was 15.82 years. 49 % of the participants reported depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5). Both higher perceived stress (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, p = 0.022) and lower cortisol (area-under-the curve; AUCG) (OR = 0.99, p = 0.009) were associated with increased odds of having depressive symptoms. LimitationsFew participants had moderate to severe PHQ-9 depression, therefore our study reported findings on mild depression or greater. ConclusionsPerceived stress and cortisol appear to reflect distinct, independent components of the stress experience. However, both greater perceived stress and less circulating cortisol may indicate difficulties in regulating stress as potential factors underlying depressive symptoms. Future research should focus on the different types of adolescent stressors and the importance of routine screening of stress and depression, including mild depression.

Short communication: catechol-O-methyltransferase allelic variation in relation to psychological and hormonal indices of stress in children and adolescents with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS).

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a developmental disorder with high rates of anxiety and psychosis. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) regulates epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) and is implicated in both anxiety and psychotic disorders. The aim of this study was to determine how COMT variation relates to psychological anxiety and associated stress physiology responsiveness to better understand symptom heterogeneity in people with 22q11.2DS. We examined COMT allelic variation in relation to anxiety and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) and sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) hormonal stress indicators in 30 children and adolescents with 22q11.2DS. Contrary to expectation, individuals with the higher activity COMTval allele had higher anxiety levels versus those with the low activity (COMTmet) allele (p = 0.021; Glass' Δ = 0.69). Anxiety was not correlated with salivary cortisol (CORT) or alpha-amylase (sAA) in either group. Groups did not differ in CORT levels (p = 0.58), but the COMTmet group had higher sAA (p = 0.026; Glass' Δ = 0.67, uncorrected) suggesting greater SAM reactivity but not HPA activity. This suggests that COMT allelic variation may contribute to differences in acute SAM but not slower HPA stress reactivity in those with 22q11.2DS.

Validation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System for Detection of Posttraumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents Following Procedures for Acute Orthopaedic Trauma.

The efficiency and validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) surveys were determined for pediatric orthopaedic trauma patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a clinic setting. Prospective cohort study. Single-institution, Level I trauma center. All consecutive children aged 8-18 years undergoing procedures or surgery for orthopaedic trauma. The convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity of the PROMIS Anger and Anxiety computerized adaptive tests (CATs) were evaluated and compared with the previously validated Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS). The efficiency in time to completion of the outcome measures was compared between the CPSS and PROMIS surveys. Cutoffs for increased likelihood of PTSD were established for the PROMIS questionnaires. A total of 233 subjects were included in this study (mean age 13.1 years with SD 2.8 years, 71% male). The majority (51%) of injuries were related to sports, and most (60%) involved the upper extremity. Of those included, 41 patients had high levels of PTSD symptoms on the CPSS (18%; 95% CI, 13.1-23.2%). The CPSS took 182 (interquartile range [IQR] 141-228) seconds versus 52 (IQR 36-84) and 52 (IQR 36-70) seconds for PROMIS Anger and Anxiety CATs, respectively. Convergent validity showed patient scores on both PROMIS instruments significantly correlated with CPSS scores (Anger: P < 0.001, r = 0.51; Anxiety: P < 0.001, r = 0.41). Neither PROMIS score correlated with University of California Los Angeles Activity Score (Anger: r = -0.26; Anxiety: r = -0.22), a functional outcome measure, demonstrating divergent validity. Both PROMIS instruments sufficiently discriminated across PTSD risk groups (Anger P < 0.001; Anxiety P < 0.001). A score of at least 53 on PROMIS Anger or at least 48 on PROMIS Anxiety indicated an increased likelihood of PTSD risk. PROMIS Anger and Anxiety CATs are efficient and valid for evaluating posttraumatic stress in children following orthopaedic trauma procedures. Diagnostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Turn off that night light! Light-at-night as a stressor for adolescents.

Light-at-night is known to produce a wide variety of behavioral outcomes including promoting anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, abnormal sociability, and learning and memory deficits. Unfortunately, we all live in a 24-h society where people are exposed to light-at-night or light pollution through night-shift work - the need for all-hours emergency services - as well as building and street-lights, making light-at-night exposure practically unavoidable. Additionally, the increase in screentime (tvs and smart devices) during the night also contributes to poorer sleep and behavioral impairments. Compounding these factors is the fact that adolescents tend to be "night owls" and prefer an evening chronotype compared to younger children and adults, so these teenagers will have a higher likelihood of being exposed to light-at-night. Making matters worse is the prevalence of high-school start times of 8 am or earlier - a combination of too early school start times, light exposure during the night, and preference for evening chronotypes is a recipe for reduced and poorer sleep, which can contribute to increased susceptibility for behavioral issues for this population. As such, this mini-review will show, using both human and rodent model studies, how light-at-night affects behavioral outcomes and stress responses, connecting photic signaling and the circadian timing system to the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. Additionally, this review will also demonstrate that adolescents are more likely to exhibit abnormal behavior in response to light-at-night due to changes in development and hormone regulation during this time period, as well as discuss potential interventions that can help mitigate these negative effects.

The relationship between stress, emotional eating, and nutritional status in adolescents

&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Background: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The prevalence of overnutrition among adolescents in Indonesia has significantly increased from 7.3% in 2013 to 13.5% in 2018. Overnutrition at this age can increase the risk of obesity and other degenerative diseases in adulthood. Stress and eating behavior are two factors that might impact nutritional status in adolescents. Stress can trigger unhealthy eating behaviors, such as increased consumption of fast food, sugary foods and drinks, or even loss of appetite. Stress can also lead to emotional eating behavior, which is the urge to eat as a coping method when facing stress or negative pressure, and has been link to a higher BMI.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Objectives: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;This study aims to identify the relationship between stress, emotional eating, and the nutritional status of high school students at SMA 2 Cileungsi Bogor Regency.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Methods: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was conducted in September 2023 at SMA 2 Cileungsi Bogor Regency. Data were collected using research instruments, including the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire – Shortened Version (ASQ-S) to determine stress data, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to determine emotional eating data, anthropometric measurements to determine the nutritional status of the respondents, and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess the frequency of respondents' consumption of various foods. This study involved 262 respondents obtained using Cluster Random Sampling technique. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Results: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The results showed that most of respondents in this study had normal nutritional status, accounting for 66.0%, while 8.4% were undernourished and 25.6% were overnourished. Respondents categorized as stressed were 51.9%, while the remaining 48.1% were adaptive. It was found that 54.6% of respondents fell in to the category of emotional eating, while 45.4% did not exhibit emotional eating behaviour. Based on bivariate analysis, a significant relationship was found between stress and nutritional status (p-value=0.013). There was no significant relationship between emotional eating and nutritional status (p-value=0.647).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Stress has been shown to be significantly associated with nutritional status.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;KEYWORD&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nutritional status; stress; emotional eating; adolescents&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

A study on the structural relationship between perceived school climate, academic stress, depression/anxiety, and Internet dependence in adolescents

A study on the structural relationship between perceived school climate, academic stress, depression/anxiety, and Internet dependence in adolescents

Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety Due to Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Cross-Sectional Trial in Adolescents.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are linked to the development of anxiety in adolescence. According to recent studies, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a novel ACE that is associated with anxiety among adolescents. This study investigates the relationship between ACEs, COVID-19, and anxiety in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a community sample of 248 boys and girls ages 12 to 15 years (mean = 13.50 years) from five high schools in Eastern Attica. A total of four questionnaires were used: (1) Demographic Questionnaire, (2) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-STAIC, (3) Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale, and (4) COVID-19 Impact Scale. The results demonstrated a moderate association between the total number of ACEs and anxiety (trait and state) in adolescence (trait anxiety: ρ = 0.37, p < 0.001; state anxiety: ρ = 0.29, p < 0.001). Girls scored significantly higher than boys on both trait anxiety (U = 4353, p < 0.001; mean difference = 5.5) and state anxiety (U = 5822.5, p = 0.014; mean difference = 2). The number of ACEs was found to be significantly related to the impact of COVID-19 (β = 0.025, p < 0.001). This study highlights the significant link between ACEs and increased anxiety in adolescents, which is further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings indicate that girls are more affected than boys. These results emphasize the need for targeted mental health interventions to enhance coping mechanisms, reduce stress, and address anxiety in adolescents, particularly during global crises like the pandemic. Developing such programs is essential for supporting the mental well-being of youth facing multiple stressors.

Effects of Yoga on Resilience and Coping With Stress in Adolescents.

This randomized controlled study aimed to determine the effects of yoga on coping with stress in adolescents. The study was conducted in the Famagusta province of Northern Cyprus between September and November 2021. The sample of the study comprised 62 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 16years, including 30 in the intervention and 32 in the control groups. The descriptive information form, the child and resilience measure (CYRM), and the Kidcope were used for data collection. The intervention group received a 10-week yoga program of 60minutes twice a week. Pre- and posttest scores were calculated to measure the impact of yoga on resilience and coping with stress. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and posttest scores of the yoga intervention group ( P <.05). Besides, there was a statistically significant difference between the scores obtained by the intervention and control groups from the CYRM and the subscales of the Kidcope ( P <.05). These findings imply that yoga contributes to resilience and coping with stress in adolescents. Based on the findings, we suggest that psychiatric nurses may incorporate yoga to protect the mental health of adolescents.

Опросник «Шкала воспринимаемого стресса для детей» (ШВС-Д): Адаптация и психометрические показатели

&lt;p&gt;The article presents the results of adapting and testing of the &amp;ldquo;Perceived Stress Scale for Children&amp;rdquo; (PSS-C) on a Russian-speaking sample of adolescents aged 11 to 16 (n = 612). The study sample consisted of students from grades 5 to 8 in secondary schools in various regions of the Russian Federation (Trans-Baikal Territory, Altai Territory, Moscow Region, Leningrad Region). The results of psychometric testing indicate that the questionnaire has good internal consistency with correlations between the final score and stand alone questions being rs = [0.4; 0.64], p &amp;lt; 0.01; the half-form reliability rt = 0.78; the Cronbach's &amp;alpha; = 0.741. A direct relationship between the perceived stress level and situational anxiety was shown (rs = 0.67, p &amp;lt; 0.01), which persisted when taking into account the age, gender, and region of residence of the respondents. These findings suggest that PSS-C has convergent validity. Factor analysis of the questionnaire revealed the presence of two factors in the perceived stress structure: 1) &amp;ldquo;Tension&amp;rdquo; and 2) &amp;ldquo;Resources&amp;rdquo;. The two-factor model of perceived stress was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (RMSEA = 0.058, 90% CI [0.045, 0.072], CFI = 0.952, GFI = 0.977). The discriminativeness of the questionnaire was &amp;delta; = 0.97. Gender differences in the level of perceived stress are shown; age differences are due to an increase in study load. The &amp;ldquo;Perceived Stress Scale for Children&amp;rdquo; questionnaire is a valid and reliable technique for diagnosing stress in adolescents aged 11 to 16. It can be used both in individual assessments and group diagnostics for monitoring of stress levels in adolescence.&lt;/p&gt;

Clemastine improves emotional and social deficits in adolescent social isolation mice by reversing demyelination

Adolescence is a critical period for social experience-dependent oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Adolescent stress predisposes to cause irreversible changes in brain structure and function with lasting effects on adulthood or beyond. However, the molecular mechanisms linking adolescent social isolation stress with emotional and social competence remain largely unknown. In our study, we found that social isolation during adolescence leads to anxiety-like behaviors, depression-like behaviors, impaired social memory and altered patterns of social ultrasonic vocalizations in mice. In addition, adolescent social isolation stress induces demyelination in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice, with decreased myelin-related gene expression and disrupted myelin structure. More importantly, clemastine was sufficient to rescue the impairment of emotional and social memory by promoting remyelination. These findings reveal the demyelination mechanism of emotional and social deficits caused by social isolation stress in adolescence, and provides potential therapeutic targets for treating stress-related mental disorders.

Relationship between physical activity, stress levels, and sleep quality in adolescents

Background: Quality sleep is important for recovery, but adolescents often experience sleep disturbances during puberty. Low physical activity, such as playing online games, and stress from many tasks can reduce their sleep quality. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between physical activity level and stress on sleep quality in adolescents. Methods: This research used observational analytics method with a cross-sectional design. The study used apurposive sampling of 232 people in junior high schools in Denpasar. The inclusion criteria were teenagers aged 16-17, while the exclusion criteria were respondents who smoked, drank alcoholic beverages, and took sleeping pills. Data were collected by measuring physical activity levels using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), stress using the depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Results: Based on the results of the non-parametric analysis of Spearman Rho, it showed that there was a relationship between physical activity and sleep quality with a significance value of p = 0.001 (p &lt;0.05) correlation coefficient (r = 0.464). There was a relationship between stress and sleep quality with a value of p = 0.001 (p &lt;0.05) correlation coefficient (r = 0.671). Conclusion: Based on the results, it could be concluded that there was a relationship between physical activity level and sleep quality in adolescents. There was also a relationship between stress and sleep quality in adolescents.

Subregion-specific transcriptomic profiling of rat brain reveals sex-distinct gene expression impacted by adolescent stress

Stress during adolescence clearly impacts brain development and function. Sex differences in adolescent stress-induced or exacerbated emotional and metabolic vulnerabilities could be due to sex-distinct gene expression in hypothalamic, limbic, and prefrontal brain regions. However, adolescent stress-induced whole-genome expression changes in key subregions of these brain regions were unclear. In this study, female and male adolescent Sprague Dawley rats received one-hour restraint stress daily from postnatal day (PD) 32 to PD44. Corticosterone levels, body weights, food intake, body composition, and circulating adiposity and sex hormones were measured. On PD44, brain and blood samples were collected. Using RNA-sequencing, sex-specific differences in stress-induced differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in subregions of the hypothalamus, limbic system, and prefrontal cortex. Canonical pathways reflected well-known sex-distinct maladies and diseases, substantiating the therapeutic potential of the DE genes found in the current study. Thus, we proposed specific sex distinct, adolescent stress-induced transcriptional changes found in the current study as examples of the molecular bases for sex differences witnessed in stress induced or exacerbated emotional and metabolic disorders. Future behavioral studies and single-cell studies are warranted to test the implications of the DE genes identified in this study in sex-distinct stress-induced susceptibilities.

Chronic Adolescent Restraint Stress Downregulates miRNA-200a Expression in Male and Female C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ Mice.

Adolescence is a critical developmental period when the brain is plastic, and stress exposure can have lasting physiological consequences. One mechanism through which adolescent stress may have lasting effects is by altering microRNAs (miRNAs), leading to wide-scale gene expression changes. Three prior independent studies used unbiased approaches (RNA sequencing or microarray) to identify miRNAs differentially expressed by chronic variable stress in male rodents. In all three studies, miRNA-200a was differentially expressed in areas of the brain associated with emotion regulation. The current study extends this research to determine if chronic non-variable adolescent stress downregulates miRNA-200a expression by looking at two strains (BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J) of male and female mice. We utilized a 14-day (2 h/day) restraint stress protocol and verified stress effects on adolescent body weight gain and circulating corticosterone concentrations relative to non-restraint controls. Mice were then left undisturbed until they were euthanized in adulthood, at which time brains were collected to measure miRNA-200a in the ventral hippocampus. Three weeks after adolescent stress ended, differences in body weight between groups were no longer significant; however, animals exposed to stress had less miRNA-200a expression in the ventral hippocampus than control animals. These data implicate miRNA-200a expression as a potential mechanism by which adolescent stress can have persistent impacts on multiple outcomes in both male and female mice.

Опросник повседневных стрессоров для подростков

&lt;p&gt;The article presents the results of the development and testing of psychodiagnostic tools designed to study adolescents&amp;rsquo; perception of everyday stress. Everyday stress is an integral part of life in the modern world, and teenagers can be especially vulnerable to everyday stressors. Despite a growing body of research, there is a lack of necessary tools to identify stressful areas in adolescents' daily lives. The article presents research materials obtained from a sample of 555 adolescents, 339 girls and 216 boys aged 13 to 17 years. Validization included a preliminary survey of adolescents, compiling a list of stressors in the everyday life of adolescents, factoring stressors and identifying zones of stress intensity, interpreting the data obtained, assessing zones of everyday stress and convergent validity. As a result, a questionnaire on daily stress for adolescents was developed and tested; zones of everyday stress were identified, including both spheres of the external environment and internal life: &amp;ldquo;Loneliness, health&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Self-attitude&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Rejection&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Fears, anxieties&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;School, study&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Communication with elders&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Affairs, planning&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Finance&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Mystical fears&amp;rdquo;. The results of the analysis showed high consistency of the Questionnaire factors.&lt;/p&gt;

Exploring the Link between Oxidative Stress, Selenium Levels, and Obesity in Youth.

Obesity is a worldwide increasing concern. Although in adults this is easily estimated with the body mass index, in children, who are constantly growing and whose bodies are changing, the reference points to assess weight status are age and gender, and need corroboration with complementary data, making their quantification highly difficult. The present review explores the interaction spectrum of oxidative stress, selenium status, and obesity in children and adolescents. Any factor related to oxidative stress that triggers obesity and, conversely, obesity that induces oxidative stress are part of a vicious circle, a complex chain of mechanisms that derive from each other and reinforce each other with serious health consequences. Selenium and its compounds exhibit key antioxidant activity and also have a significant role in the nutritional evaluation of obese children. The balance of selenium intake, retention, and metabolism emerges as a vital aspect of health, reflecting the complex interactions between diet, oxidative stress, and obesity. Understanding whether selenium status is a contributor to or a consequence of obesity could inform nutritional interventions and public health strategies aimed at preventing and managing obesity from an early age.

Supplemental Material for Examining Stress in Adolescents’ Daily Lives: Feasibility of Triadic Paradigms

Supplemental Material for Examining Stress in Adolescents’ Daily Lives: Feasibility of Triadic Paradigms