Stress Field Research Articles

Fatigue life estimation of nickel-based single crystal superalloy with different inclined film cooling holes: Initial damage quantification and coupling of damage-fracture mechanics models

Quantitative assessment of the initial damage state of a structure and fatigue life prediction on this basis, especially when it is sensitive to manufacturing quality, is crucial for both engineering application and material science. Traditional solutions based on fracture or damage mechanics either require precise constitutive relationships and cumbersome physical mechanism models or simply ignore the initial damage state. This study developed a novel equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS) quantitative evaluation method for film cooling holes in Nickel-based single crystal superalloy turbine blades to address the strong correlation between the initial damage in and fatigue life of the material. The temperature and stress field differences at the edges of holes with different inclination angles were simulated using a solid-liquid-gas three-phase level-set model and considered to represent the same initial damage. Next, the coupled damage–fracture mechanics model was used to achieve equivalent crack insertion, crack propagation, and fatigue life prediction based on the EIFS. The results indicate that this method can provide a highly robust EIFS distribution interval and that the crack geometry correction factor and EIFS distribution range are weakly correlated with the loading conditions (with an error within 2 %). The EIFS-based fatigue life predictions demonstrated a notable degree of accuracy, with the majority of the predicted and experimental fatigue lives falling within a three-fold dispersion band and all predictions remaining confined within a five-fold dispersion band of the actual lifetime. These results represent a substantial advancement in accuracy compared to traditional damage mechanics predictions. Therefore, this study provides a powerful approach for evaluating the fatigue life of turbine blades considering the initial damage state and can be widely applied to guide drilling process optimization and blade fatigue analysis.

Insights into fluid migration during the 2021 La Palma eruption using seismic noise interferometry

Ambient noise correlation analyses are largely used to monitor temporal medium changes generally associated with stress field variations and/or fluid movement. Here, we analyze the 2021 eruption of La Palma, the most active island in the Canary archipelago, to study its effects on the structure in a post-eruptive stage. To date, most of the studies, whether in volcanic environments or other geological systems, focus on determining seismic velocity changes that can be associated with precursory signals. In our study, we are interested in localizing the medium changes that permit constraining the depth of the most affected structure and suggesting possible mechanisms capable of inducing such alterations. The auto- and cross-correlation functions were computed using the phase cross-correlation strategy. The correlations were linearly stacked using a 3-day sliding window. The combination of these two approaches proved to render the best results. The analysis of 3 years of data resulted in the detection of occasional decorrelation before the eruption, followed by a well-defined decoherence period after the eruption. In addition, the relationship between the waveform correlation and lag time, using autocorrelations from before and after the eruption, permits identifying phase shifts and waveform distortion, which are sensitive to different parameters and, thus, have great importance in inferring the possible mechanism. Phase shifts occur when there is only velocity change without changing the structure, whereas waveform distortion is caused by a structural (geological) change. We also inferred the depths at which the most significant medium alterations occur. We observed that the decorrelation occurs at lag times corresponding to changes localized in depth. The surface structure appears to not have undergone significant medium changes for depths until approximately 8 km, either before or after the eruption.

Thermoacoustic Fano-based bistable energy converters: A new concept of thermoacoustic engine

In this work, we propose a highly efficient thermoacoustic energy converter based on the concept of Fano-based bistable systems. The proposed device, in its simplest version consists of a bilayer polymeric cylinder with harder core and softer and thinner shell. The heat source enforced at the core-shell interface induces thermo-mechanical stress fields. The stress field causes the occurrence of wrinkling patterns in the shell and the release of acoustic energy by a snap-through-buckling mechanism. We show that, when the shell is acoustically resonant at a specific frequency, the synergetic interplay of snap-through and Fano-resonances is capable of producing high amplitude and long-lasting pressure oscillations. In other words, under specifics conditions, the synergetic interaction between wrinkling instabilities and Fano resonance is able to extract mechanical energy from the heat source. The efficiency of the system in converting heat-into-work under resonant conditions is at least 6 times higher than that out of resonance. Notably, for a temperature difference of 1 K between the heat source (the hot thermal reservoir beneath the resonant shell) and the surrounding water (the cold thermal reservoir above the resonant shell), the system may reach a conversion efficiency above 70% of the theoretical Carnot efficiency. The so-generated mechanical oscillations can be converted in electrical energy for instance by using sound-to-energy converting systems such as conventional loudspeakers. The characteristics of the heat source have been selected to be representative of low-grade thermal sources (e.g. waste-heat, in particular intermittent sources) abundantly available in natural, and industrial contexts. Importantly, the systems may be adapted to many different geometries spanning from the proposed core-shell cylinders in which the heat source can be either inside the tube (for instance an exhaust gas/liquid outlet) or outside the tube, to plates (like a solar panel system).

Numerical simulation of multi-field coupling in geothermal reservoir heat extraction of enhanced geothermal systems

AbstractThe coupled analysis of multi-field heat and mass transfer in geothermal reservoirs is a pivotal concern within the realm of geothermal rock exploitation. It holds significant implications for the assessment of thermal energy capacity and the formulation of reservoir optimization strategies in the context of geothermal rock resources. Parameters governing production, along with fracture network characteristics (such as injection well temperature, injection well pressure, fracture width, and fracture network density), exert an influence on enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) heat production. In this study, aiming to comprehend the dynamic heat generation of EGS during prolonged exploitation, a coupling of various fields including permeation within the rock formations of geothermal reservoirs and the deformation of these rocks was achieved. In this study, we formulated the governing equations for the temperature field, stress field, and permeability field within the geothermal reservoir rock. Subsequently, we conducted numerical simulations to investigate the heat transfer process in an enhanced geothermal system. We analyzed the effects of injection well temperature, injection well pressure, primary fracture width, and secondary fracture density on the temperature distribution within the reservoir and the thermal power output of the production well. The research findings underscore that ill-conceived exploitation schemes markedly accelerate the thermal breakthrough rate of production wells, resulting in a diminished rate of geothermal resource extraction from the geothermal reservoir rock. Variations in influent well temperature and secondary fracture density exhibit an approximately linear impact on the output from production wells. Crucially, injection well pressure and primary fracture width emerge as pivotal factors influencing reservoir output response, with excessive widening of primary fractures leading to premature thermal breakthrough in production wells.

Investigation of Partial Discharge Phenomena on XLPE Cable Insulation Using COMSOL Multiphysics

The presence of various defects including the presence of micro-cavities, cracks, and contamination of impurities intensifies the field stress inside the insulation when subjected to high voltage (HV), which results in the initiation of discharge activity. Therefore, the measurement and analysis of partial discharge (PD) phenomena are essential for the condition assessment of HV insulation. This study focused on the application of COMSOL multi-physics in an XLPE cable insulation sample with an artificially created cavity defect to evaluate the distribution of electric field stress, PD inception, and extinction phenomena. The COMSOL simulation of the XLPE sample is carried out in the presence of a spherical void by considering the effect of void diameter, void position, and influence of harmonics. The study also replicates the influence of varying harmonic content along with total harmonic distortion (THD) which highlights the importance of PD pattern. It has been observed that PDs tend to concentrate in ( dE co ( t ) / dt ) , particularly in areas with significant slopes. Whereas, local minima act as inhibitors, and distorted the PD pattern which is 300% and 200% higher in 5th and 7th harmonic as compared to 3rd during 20% THD.

Johnson–Cook yield functions for cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX) and cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX) derived from single crystal plasticity models

High-fidelity constitutive models are critical for accurate meso-scale continuum modeling and prediction of shock initiation of crystalline energetic materials (EMs). While empirically calibrated or atomistic-guided anisotropic elastoplastic models of EM such as cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX) and cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX) capture important micromechanical phenomena (such as dislocation evolution, slip-resistance, and anisotropic elasticity), the computational cost of using anisotropic single-crystal plasticity models can become prohibitive for meso-scale computations of void-collapse and hotspot formation in microstructures. Thermo-mechanically representative, isotropic, pressure, temperature, and rate-dependent material constitutive models are practical alternatives for meso-scale simulations of the shock response of microstructures. To this end, this work constructs physically consistent isotropic plasticity from anisotropic single-crystal plasticity models for HMX and RDX. State-of-the-art crystal plasticity models for HMX and RDX are used to compute the stress states in single crystals oriented in three different directions relative to shocks generated by impact at velocities ranging from 100 to 1000 m/s. Post-shock von Mises stress fields for the three orientations are then used to calibrate the strain-rate hardening coefficient and the reference strain rate for a rate-dependent Johnson–Cook (JC) yield surface model. We compare the pressures and the post-shock von Mises stresses between the JC and the anisotropic models to show that the isotropic computations closely approximate the averaged deformation response of the three different crystal orientations. We then model the interaction of a shock generated by a 500 m/s impact with a 0.5 μm void and show that the pressures and the deviatoric stresses obtained using the isotropic model closely match those computed from anisotropic models for both HMX and RDX. The resulting isotropic J2 plastic flow model for HMX and RDX can be employed to perform meso-scale simulations for energy localization due to shear bands and void collapse in the two materials.

Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of a novel Mn-containing HEA

The deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of a novel Mn-containing HEA were explored during the deformation temperature ranges of 800∼1100 °C, and strain rate ranges of 0.001∼1s−1. The study results indicate that the true stress-strain curves after work hardening exhibit continuous softening type at low strain rate ranges of 0.001–0.01 s−1, while softening then steady-state type at high strain rate ranges of 0.1∼1s−1, respectively. The activation energy (Q) and stress exponent (n) are calculated to as 404.6 kJ/mol and 4.9016, respectively. As the strain increases, the flow instability is prone to expand towards the regions of lower strain rate and higher deformation temperature, and the optical processing window is determined at 1050–1100 °C and 0.001–0.002 s−1. The strain and stress field distribution of the FEM simulations reveal the inhomogeneous deformation and the damage field distribution predict the crack region of deformation specimen. The critical (εc)/peak strain (εp) for DRX do not display a proportional relationship with strain rate and an inversely proportional relationship with deformation temperature, and the relationship between εc and εp can be expressed as: εc = (0.3–0.5) εp. Only the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) mechanism is activated in the whole range of deformation conditions, but it is not fully carried out. Because of the inhomogeneous stress distribution, the dynamic recrystallized grains show bimodal grain size. Furthermore, the recrystallized grains do not grow significantly due to the synergistic contribution of sluggish diffusion effect, high solution hardening effect and the trimodal B2 precipitate phase distribution.

Stability of composite plates integrated with graphene-reinforced piezoelectric layers

Graphene enhances piezoelectric matrix properties due to its exceptional conductivity and physical characteristics. However, existing models encounter significant challenges in analyzing buckling behavior of graphene-reinforced composite piezoelectric (GRCP) actuators. Inaccuracy in describing transverse shear deformations impact plate stability, particularly due to the disparities in material properties at the interfaces. A new plate model is proposed, featuring a refined interlaminar shear stress field for accurate modeling. Validity is confirmed via 3D elasticity solutions and alternative theories. Compared to existing models, the proposed theory shows superior precision. Additionally, a parametric study explores key factors influencing buckling behaviors of piezoelectric composite plates.

Study on the evolution of permeability properties of limestone under different stress paths

Abstract Stress path change has a great relationship with the effect of deformation and strength of rock. However, the underground rock body is in the engineering environment where the stress field, seepage field, and other fields are coupled to change, the law of fluid flow in the rock body is complex and variable. The change in the stress field has an important effect on the seepage characteristics of rock body; therefore, it is necessary to study the pattern of rock permeability evolution pattern by different stress paths. This study is based on the study of limestone, conducting triaxial unloading seepage mechanics experiments, the evolution of permeability properties of limestone specimens was analyzed based on the test results. The results show that in the conventional triaxial loading seepage test, the permeability of the limestone decreases before the rock stress reaches the peak intensity and increases after that. Increasing axial pressure unloading surrounding pressure compression section, permeability loss rate and effective stress are in line with the changing law of Gaussian distribution function. Under the action of constant axial pressure unloading surrounding pressure, with the increase in unloading amount, the permeability rate of change appears to increase slowly, and in the late stage of unloading section, the permeability rate of change appears to surge. Unloading section permeability change rate and cumulative unloading amount are in line with the law of change of the exponential function. Creep unloading pressure seepage test found that unloading pressure stage strain-time and permeability-time evolution characteristics are in line with the exponential rule of change. The experimental results of this study can provide an important experimental and theoretical basis for the permeability analysis of low-permeability rock body under complex stress conditions in underground engineering.

Unveiling a century of Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers research: a scientometric analysis and thematically-based narrative review

BackgroundThis study aims to conduct a scientometric analysis and thematically-based narrative review of a century of Taraxacum officinale research (TOR), uncovering patterns, trends, themes, and advancements in the field to provide insights for future investigations. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and utilized the Scopus database with MeSH terms for bibliographic data retrieval. Scientometric mapping employed VOSviewer and R-package-based Bibliometrix, while extracted themes were reviewed narratively. A detailed analysis of TOR was achieved by including only original studies.ResultsThe findings include the extensive duration of TOR since 1908 and its significant growth, particularly in the last two decades. China emerges as the most productive country, but the United States leads in recognizable and collaborative TOR. The thematic map displays dynamic and diverse themes, with a rich knowledge structure revealed through the analysis of term co-occurrence. The year 2016 represents a turning point in the thematic map, marked by numerical growth and thematic bifurcation. The study extracted several main research topics within the field of TOR, including germination, antioxidant activity, bioherbicide, oxidative stress, Taraxacum kok-saghyz, and heavy metals. These topics represent key areas of investigation and provide insights into the diverse aspects of research surrounding T. officinale. Additionally, emerging topics in TOR encompass toxicity, metabolomics, dandelion extract, and diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsThe study consolidated knowledge, highlighted research gaps, and provided directions for future investigations on TOR.

Embrittlement, degradation, and loss prevention of hydrogen pipelines

AbstractThe detrimental effects induced by hydrogen on different materials—including steels—are a well-known and studied phenomenon. In the last century, several research papers focusing on hydrogen damages were published, including investigations concerning the hydrogen impact on the crack growth rate in steels subjected to cyclic loading. However, the past studies focused on material behavior and the role of external factors (e.g., pressure, temperature, stress field, microstructure, inhibitors, etc.), while the consequences of these findings on safety procedures and guidelines remain unspoken. The present work aims at investigating how the manifestation of the hydrogen degradation effect on equipment subjected to fatigue loadings may reflect on conventional safety practices. More accurately, a review of the parameters governing pipeline fatigue life is undertaken to analyze how such variables may lead to undesirable events and ultimately promoting a loss of containment scenario. In this sense, this work appeals for an evolution of the existing inspection methodologies for components that may experience fatigue failures (i.e., piping and pipeline systems), since the time-dependency of the detrimental effects induced by hydrogen should be considered in the operations of accident prevention and risk mitigation. Hence, the development of a preventive inspection and maintenance strategy specifically conceived for hydrogen technologies is essential to avoid the loss prevention of hydrogen systems. This will not only contribute to a quicker and larger scale spread of a hydrogen infrastructure, but it will also foster the energy-transition challenge that our society is facing today. Graphical abstract

Photochemical Design for Diverse Controllable Patterns in Self-Wrinkling Films.

Harnessing the spontaneous surface instability of pliable substances to create intricate, well-ordered, and on-demand controlled surface patterns holds great potential for advancing applications in optical, electrical, and biological processes. However, the current limitations stem from challenges in modulating multi-directional stress fields and diverse boundary environments. Herein, we propose a universal strategy to achieve arbitrarily controllable wrinkle patterns via the spatiotemporal photochemical boundaries. Utilizing constraints and inductive effects of the photochemical boundaries, the multiple coupling relationship is accomplished among the light fields, stress fields, and morphology of wrinkles in photosensitive polyurethane (PSPU) film. Moreover, employing sequential light-irradiation with photomask enables the attainment of a diverse array of controllable patterns, ranging from highly ordered 2D patterns to periodic or intricate designs. The fundamental mechanics of underlying buckling and the formation of surface features are comprehensively elucidated through theoretical stimulation and finite element analysis. The results reveal the evolution laws of wrinkles under photochemical boundaries and represent a new effective toolkit for fabricating intricate and captivating patterns in single-layer films. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Research on Multi-Physical Field Characteristics of Deep Coal Seam Mining Based on the Rock-Coal-Rock Model

In order to disclose the multi-physical field characteristics of the deep coal seam mining process and their dynamic evolution legislation, based on the “rock-coal-rock” model, during the mining process, the stress field, displacement field, energy field, and plastic zone evolution process are all simulated using FLAC3D6.0. The findings show that stress in the original rock is redistributed as a result of coal seam mining, creating a pressure relief zone in the middle of the goaf and advanced support pressure in the front part of the working face. The roof falls following the termination of coal seam mining. The collapsed blocks fill the middle of the goaf, playing a supporting role. The floor bulges as a new supporting pressure zone forms and builds up high elasticity. The stress reduction zone shifts from a rectangular to an inner circular distribution and an outer square as the working face’s mining distance increases and the range of the fracture field expands accordingly. In addition, a complete model was constructed to verify the correctness of the “rock-coal-rock” model. The stress, displacement, and energy curves of the overlying strata at a distance of 12 m from the bottom of the coal seam in the middle of the goaf obtained by the two methods were basically consistent. Ultimately, the findings of the numerical simulation were compared with the advanced support pressure data that were acquired on-site and they were good. This work can provide a reference for the safe mining of deep coal seams.

Inference of fracturing zones and degrees of fluid content in the Las Tres Virgenes volcanic complex based on an analysis of seismic anisotropy

AbstractAnisotropy strength in the Tres Vírgenes Volcanic Complex, Baja California Sur, Mexico, is analyzed employing 558 seismic events collected from 2009 to 2013. It was possible to delineate zones and volumes with the highest fracture densities, which are mainly located between the El Viejo and El Azufre volcanoes and around the La Reforma–El Azufre fault system, near some other mapped faults in the area (e.g., El Azufre, El Partido, El Volcán, El Viejo 1, and El Viejo 2 faults); likewise toward the La Virgen volcano and around the La Virgen-El Campamento and El Volcán faults. Individual delay times reached values of up to 0.16 s and an anisotropy percentage of up to 10.3%, with a pervasive anisotropy observed from at least a hypocentral distance of 3.5 km. High fracturing levels are observed from a depth of 7.0 km. Differences between splitting delays and the dominant frequency peaks obtained from the fast S phases allowed considering fracture systems with different degrees of fluid contents. Fractures with minor fluid contents were assumed for delay times higher than 0.03 s with lower dominant frequency peaks (< 1.0 Hz). Higher concentrations of fluid inclusions were assumed for splitting delays higher than 0.03 s but with larger dominant frequency peaks (> 1.0 Hz). Fractures systems chemically sealed or impermeable sealing caps were assumed for low splitting delays (< 0.02 s) with low dominant frequencies (< 1.0 Hz). These different fracture systems seem to be observed at least from 5- to 6-km depth intervals. Likewise, an analysis of the fast polarization directions with respect to different depth ranges (spanning from 3.0 to 8.0 km) has allowed observations of a strong NW–SE regional fracture system accompanied by minor NE–SW fracture systems. However, noteworthy variations from NW–SE to NE–SW, N–S, and E–W in fast polarization directions in rose diagrams have been preferentially observed for those seismic events deeper than 4–5 and 5–6 km in some areas, which could be indicating the location of magmatic bodies that probably caused the reorientation on fracture systems by changes in the local stress field. These magmatic bodies might be supported by a decrease in the dominant frequency peaks (lower than 1.0 Hz), percentage of anisotropy (from 0.1 to 2.5%), and S-wave velocities (from 1.0 to 2.7 km/s), which seem to be located from the 4.0-km depth but more concentrated from the 5–6-km depth interval.

Analysis of induced stress during construction and production stages of drawbells in block caving mines

Drawbells are large constructions that allow the flow of the broken ore at the production level within the drawpoints. The results of drawbell construction are crucial for a successful mine plan extraction in a block caving mine. Analysis and integration of all the topics related to a drawbell can improve the performance of the surrounding area of drawbells, particularly the damage associated to induced stress during the different stages of a block caving operation. The improvement of operational aspects related to the drawbells would decrease the risk of failure, particularly in deep mines subject to large stresses, which are more likely to experience sudden violent or progressive failure. A large-scale numerical model was developed to analyse different mining sectors using sub-models. It was found that the geotechnical response is highly correlated to the stress field, which also controlled the resulting seismicity. In a scale of a drawbell, the drawpoint drift roof and the bridge pillar between the drawbell and the undercutting level were found the most critical zones in the design. When geological structures are present, they can be activated in the construction at an earlier stage and, therefore, could easily become critical in the resulting rock mass damage.

NGHIÊN CỨU TRƯỜNG ỨNG SUẤT BÁNH CÔNG TÁC TẦNG ĐẦU TIÊN MÁY NÉN ĐỘNG CƠ TUA BIN KHÍ TV3-117 BẰNG MÔ PHỎNG SỐ

This article presents the results of stress field calculations for the first stage compressor impeller using the one-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method, which helps determine stress concentration zones and safety factors. Numerical analysis conducted with Ansys software reveals that stress concentration occurs near the blade root on the suction side and within the blade lock-disc zone. In these stress concentration zones, such as the blade lock-disc zone and blade suction side, the minimum safety factor is found to be above 2.27. These findings serve as a foundation for future research on impeller stress fields using two-way FSI methods and for providing recommendations to optimize the stress concentration field in the compressor disc.

Lost in Translation: Challenges for Translational Research in the Field of Stress and Cognition

Lost in Translation: Challenges for Translational Research in the Field of Stress and Cognition

A matrix-form complex variable method for multiple non-circular tunnels in layered media

This paper presents a matrix-form complex variable method that can predict the stress and displacement field around multiple tunnels in layered media. The proposed matrix-form method avoids complicated coefficient determinations and iterative algorithm, which effectively improves the computation efficiency. Firstly, the expressions for the stress and displacement field are given under the generalized complex variable theory. The conformal mapping technique and fast Fourier transform algorithm are used to formulate the matrix-form expressions of boundary conditions. Considering the boundary conditions of the tunnels and soil interfaces, the global matrix solution for multiple tunnels in layered media are obtained by assembling the matrix solutions of all single layers. The present theory is verified by comparison with the existing literature, finite element analysis and field data in engineering practices, and several numerical examples are given to reveal the effects of elastic properties, tunnels' position, equivalent layer and the layer thickness surrounding tunnels.

Investigation of microstructure evolution and electromagnetic shielding mechanism of absorbed MWCNTs-FeCo composites by one-step in situ deposition using high-speed laser cladding

Electromagnetic shielding materials can inhibit or reduce the harm of electromagnetic radiation and have become an important means to protect against electromagnetic pollution. In order to overcome the inconveniences of in situ or conformal manufacturing on the specific equipment, and the resulting assembly errors lead to the reduction of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). As a new technology, high-speed laser cladding can directly design multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-FeCo alloy composites as absorbents, and it is the first time to realize the rapid manufacturing of electromagnetic shielding materials by one-step in-situ deposition without adding auxiliary materials. According to the temperature field and stress field, it is found that the through-crack defects of electromagnetic shielding coating mainly resulted from the residual stress concentration of microcracks near the bottom fusion line. When the cladding strategy is 1600 W power deposition after preheating at 400 °C, a high-quality cladding layer can be obtained. When the addition of MWCNTs is 1.5 wt%, the material exhibits good electromagnetic shielding performance under the synergistic effect of dielectric loss, conductivity loss, and magnetic loss. And the average EMI SE is 23 dB in the range of 2-18GH. The research shows that high-speed laser cladding can simultaneously meet the requirements of flexible material design and efficient preparation, which realizes the integration of electromagnetic shielding material design and manufacturing.

Effect of groove angle on the residual stress and deformation of nuclear waste container cylinder body welded by plasma arc welding

AbstractAs an important barrier for high‐level radioactive waste transportation and deep burial disposal, the welding quality of nuclear waste container is particularly important. At present, nuclear waste container is usually manufactured by plasma arc welding. Therefore, in order to manufacture nuclear waste container parts with high quality, based on the finite element simulation software simufact welding, this paper uses a combination of numerical simulation and experimental verification to simulate the temperature field, stress field and deformation of the longitudinal weld of 316L nuclear waste container cylinder body by selecting different welding groove angles. The test results show that the groove angle of the V‐groove increases, the residual stress distribution and size increase, and the deformation increases. The stress value of the I‐shaped groove is between the V‐shaped groove angle of 30° and 45°, but the deformation is the smallest. In practical engineering applications, residual stress and deformation need to be considered comprehensive. Reasonable groove angle plays an important role in controlling residual stress and deformation after welding.