Effects Of Stress Research Articles

PENGARUH STRES KERJA DAN KONFLIK PERAN TENAGA MEDIS TERHADAP KINERJA PERAWAT WANITA PADA RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA KOTA BENGKULU

This study aims to determine the effect of work stress and role conflict of medical personnel on the performance of female nurses at Bhayangkara Hospital, Bengkulu City. This type of research is a survey research with a quantitative approach, the object of this research is female nurses at Bhayangkara Hospital. The sampling method is non-probability technique, namely the incidental sampling technique. The number of respondents in this study were 44 people. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire. By using analysis techniques using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Test, and Hypothesis Testing namely t test and f test. The results of this study can be concluded that the variable Job Stress has a positive effect on nurse performance, Conflict of the Role of Medical Personnel has a positive effect on the Performance of Female Nurses at Bhayangkara Hospital, Bengkulu City. Keywords: Job Stress, Role Conflict, Nurse Performance

Effects of Drought Stress on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Blue Honeysuckle

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a deciduous shrub with perennial rootstock found in China. The objectives of this study were to explore the drought tolerance of blue honeysuckle, determine the effect of drought stress on two photosystems, and examine the mechanism of acquired drought tolerance. In this study, blue honeysuckle under four levels of simulated field capacity (100%, 85%, 75%, and 65% RH) was grown in split-root pots for drought stress treatment, for measuring the changes in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The chlorophyll content of each increased under mild stress and decreased under moderate and severe stress. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and stomatal conductance of blue honeysuckle decreased with the increase in water stress. However, the water utilization rate and stomatal limit system increased under mild and moderate stress and decreased under severe stress. The maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency, and quantum efficiency of photosystem II decreased with the decrease in soil water content, and the initial fluorescence increased significantly (p < 0.01). With the decrease in soil water content, the energy allocation ratio parameters decreased under severe drought stress. The main activity of the unit reaction center parameters first increased and then decreased. ABS/CSm, TRo/CSm, ETo/CSm, and REo/CSm gradually declined. After a comprehensive analysis, the highest scores were obtained under adequate irrigation (CK). Overall, we concluded that the water irrigation system of blue honeysuckle should be considered adequate.

Antioxidant Systems in Extremophile Marine Fish Species

Living in extreme environments, marine organisms face constant exposure to a range of stressors, such as high radiation levels, fluctuations in temperature, and oxidative stress. Understanding extremophile fishes is crucial because it gives us valuable insights into the biochemical, physiological, and developmental processes that govern life, by observing how they operate under natural stressors. Among the most fascinating adaptations is the existence of specialised enzymes and compounds that function as potent antioxidants, successfully counteracting reactive oxygen species’ deleterious effects. In this review, we analysed the findings from several studies on Antarctic and deep-sea fish species, while highlighting the environmental stressors effects toward the antioxidant system. The antioxidant defences of the considered extremophile fishes have been extensively studied, but there is still much to learn to fully understand this complex system, while the relative research is still ongoing. Consequently, we are properly anticipating further advancements over the next few years about our understanding of crucial physiological processes that support cell survival.

Low-voltage solution-processed Sn-doped CuI neuromorphic transistors with synaptic plasticity and pain mimicked

In this article, SnxCu1−xI thin-film transistors were fabricated on a glass substrate, with CuI doped with varying concentrations of SnI2 serving as the channel and chitosan as the dielectric. When x = 0.06, the device exhibited optimal performance: a current on/off ratio of 2.56 × 105, a subthreshold slope of 31.67 mV/dec, a threshold voltage of 1.33 V, and a saturated field-effect mobility of 21.75 cm2 V−1 s−1. Due to the electric double layer effect of chitosan, the operating voltage of the devices was reduced to below 2 V. Simulations were also conducted on the behavior and functionality of artificial synapses, such as short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, and paired-pulse facilitation. Building upon the functionalities of artificial synapses, the Sn0.06Cu0.94I neuromorphic transistors simulated the fundamental pain perception function of biological nociceptors. Finally, the effects of bias stress and laser irradiation on the devices were investigated, indicating the excellent stability of the Sn0.06Cu0.94I neuromorphic transistors. Fabricated via the solution process, this low-voltage neuromorphic transistors hold significant implications for applications in bionic sensing systems and neuromorphic chip technology.

The Effect of High-Salt Diet on Oxidative Stress Production and Vascular Function in Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N Knockout and Wild Type (C57BL/6N) Mice.

It is well documented that high-salt (HS) diet increases systemic and vascular oxidative stress in various animal models and in humans, leading to impairment of vascular reactivity. The present study examined the interaction of genotype and HS diet intake and the potential effects of oxidative stress - antioxidative system balance on the flow-induced dilation (FID) in pressurized carotid arteries of normotensive Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N knockout mice and their wild-type (WT) controls. Male, ten-week-old transgenic Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N (Tff3-/-) knockout mice and WT/C57BL/6N (WT) (parental strain) healthy mice were divided in LS (0.4% NaCl in rodent chow) and HS (4% NaCl in rodent chow fed for 1 week) groups. Additionally, LS and HS groups were treated with 1 mmol/L 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) dissolved in the drinking water. After anesthesia with ketamine chloride (100 mg/kg) and midazolam (5 mg/kg), blood pressure was measured, carotid arteries and aortas were isolated, and blood samples were collected. FID was decreased in WT_HS mice and restored by superoxide scavenger TEMPOL in vivo. On the other hand, attenuated FID of Tff3-/- mice was not further affected by HS diet or TEMPOL in vivo treatment. Vascular superoxide/reactive oxygen species levels were increased with HS diet in both strains and restored by TEMPOL. HS upregulated glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) gene expression in WT_HS and Tff3-/-_HS mice, while GPx activity was significantly decreased only in WT_HS group. Systemic (serum) markers of oxidative stress (oxLDL and AOPP) and arterial blood pressure were similar among groups. HS diet increases vascular oxidative stress and impairs vasodilation in WT mice. Tff3 gene deficiency attenuates vasodilation per se, without further effects of HS intake. This can be attributed to vascular upregulation of antioxidative enzyme GPx1 in Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N mice conferring protection from oxidative stress.

Research on the influence of major ions in weakly alkaline mine water on anchor cable corrosion and protection technique

Anchor cables in water-rich roadways frequently experience severe corrosion and resultant fractures due to the combined effects of mine water and high stress. However, the precise factors influencing corrosion on these cables remain ambiguous, presenting challenges to roadway support safety. This study investigated the impact of major ions present in weakly alkaline mine water on anchor cable corrosion using salt spray corrosion experiments. The results indicated that major anions such as Cl- notably influence anchor cable corrosion, which primarily manifested as pitting corrosion. The nominal yield strength decreased by 95.68–156.01 MPa, and the nominal tensile strength decreased by 133.44–202.77 MPa because of a decrease in the cross-sectional area. During the corrosion process, major anions such as Cl- continuously degraded the passivation film on the surface of the anchor cable, exposing its internal metal structure and exacerbating corrosion until eventual fracture failure occurred. Therefore, this paper proposes a corrosion protection technique for mine anchor cables to realize superior protective effects compared to conventional anchor cables used concurrently in field applications.

Mechanisms underlying reproductive responses of Japanese quails to heat stress conditions.

Exposure to heat stress can cause a significant increase in the death rate and disease susceptibility of poultry birds, ultimately impacting the profitability of the poultry industry. Despite being a more economical choice, Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) are not immune to the harmful effects of heat stress. Quails may experience negative effects on their reproductive performance due to excessive reactive molecules caused by heat stress. However, they have developed various mechanisms to maintain their reproductive abilities in such conditions. The neuroendocrine system in birds plays a vital role in regulating their reproductive responses to thermal stress, and it is also connected to other environmental factors such as photoperiod that can impact their reproductive performance. Hormones are crucial in the complex interactions necessary for sexual maturation and reproductive responses to heat stress in Japanese quails living in stressful thermal conditions.

Disparate Effects of Stressors on Met-Enkephalin System Parameters and on Plasma Concentrations of Corticosterone in Young Female Chickens

Disparate Effects of Stressors on Met-Enkephalin System Parameters and on Plasma Concentrations of Corticosterone in Young Female Chickens

Assessment of waterlogging-induced changes in enzymatic antioxidants and carbohydrate metabolism in peanuts genotypes

Soil flooding, manifesting as submergence or waterlogging stress, significantly impacts plant species composition and agricultural productivity, particularly in regions with low rainfall. This study investigates the biochemical responses of two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes, DH-86 and GJG-32, under waterlogging stress. The experiment involved in-vivo pot trials where peanut plants were subjected to continuous waterlogging for 12 days at the flowering stage. Biochemical analyses of leaves conducted and revealed significant alterations in enzyme activities and metabolite concentrations. Key findings include variations in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD), α-amylase, invertase, acid phosphomonoesterase activities, and changes in starch, proline, reducing sugars, and chlorophyll content. SOD, CAT, and GPOD activities exhibited differential responses between genotypes, highlighting DH-86's quicker recovery post-waterlogging. Notably, DH-86 demonstrated higher resilience, reflected in its rapid normalization of biochemical parameters, while GJG-32 showed prolonged stress effects. These findings underscore the importance of antioxidative enzyme systems in mitigating oxidative damage induced by waterlogging. This study enhances our understanding of the biochemical adaptations of peanut genotypes to waterlogging stress, offering valuable insights for breeding programs focused on improving flood tolerance in crops.

Modeling of Residual Stress During EDM of AISI 4340 for Marine Propulsion Application

This investigation is conducted to estimate the extent of residual stress induced in the workpiece when machined on EDM. The Residual stresses induced post machining a product can led to lower life and inadequate failures during service. AISI 4340 finds its applicability in propulsion parts of marine engine and thus chosen as the material for study. Tungsten-Copper is selected as material for tool. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) is utilized preparing the trails using current, on-time of pulse, voltage, and duty factor as machine variables. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was performed to estimate the d-space lattice of machined as well as un-machined specimens. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was executed to analyze effect of residual stress on surface post machining. The model suggested that voltage and on duration were crucial factors for residual stress while duty factor and current were less influential. Residual stress in the machined surface results from gradual heating and cooling during machining. The developed model was predicted to be accurate through the validation test. The micro-cracks resulted from the thermal stresses developed during machining of the workpiece.

Identity Disturbance in the Digital Era during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Adverse Effects of Social Media and Job Stress

Identity Disturbance in the Digital Era during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Adverse Effects of Social Media and Job Stress

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism Potential of Grafting—Enhancing the Ability of Oriental Melon to Tolerate Low-Nitrogen Stress

Nitrogen is the primary nutrient for plants. Low nitrogen generally affects plant growth and fruit quality. Melon, as an economic crop, is highly dependent on nitrogen. However, the response mechanism of its self-rooted and grafted seedlings to low-nitrogen stress has not been reported previously. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the transcriptional differences between self-rooted and grafted seedlings under low-nitrogen stress using fluorescence characterization and RNA-Seq analysis. It was shown that low-nitrogen stress significantly inhibited the fluorescence characteristics of melon self-rooted seedlings. Analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the synthesis of genes related to hormone signaling, such as auxin and brassinolide, was delayed under low-nitrogen stress. Oxidative stress response, involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and secondary metabolite-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly down-regulated. It can be seen that low-nitrogen stress causes changes in many hormonal signals in plants, and grafting can alleviate the damage caused by low-nitrogen stress on plants, ameliorate the adverse effects of nitrogen stress on plants, and help them better cope with environmental stresses.

Different parts of the mussel Gigantidas haimaensis holobiont responded differently to deep-sea sampling stress.

Acute environmental changes cause stress during conventional deep-sea biological sampling without in situ fixation and affect gene expressions of samples collected. However, the degree of influence and underlying mechanisms are hardly investigated. Here, we conducted comparative transcriptomic analyses between in situ and onboard fixed gills and between in situ and onboard fixed mantles of deep-sea mussel Gigantidas haimaensis to assess the effects of incidental sampling stress. Results showed that transcription, translation, and energy metabolism were upregulated in onboard fixed gills and mantles, thereby mobilizing rapid gene expression to tackle the stress. Autophagy and phagocytosis that related to symbiotic interactions between the host and endosymbiont were downregulated in the onboard fixed gills. These findings demonstrated that symbiotic gill and nonsymbiotic mantle responded differently to sampling stress, and symbiosis in the gill was perturbed. Further comparative metatranscriptomic analysis between in situ and onboard fixed gills revealed that stress response genes, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and methane fixation were upregulated in the onboard fixed endosymbiotic Gammaproteobacteria inside the gills, implying that energy metabolism of the endosymbiont was increased to cope with sampling stress. Furthermore, comparative analysis between the mussel G. haimaensis and the limpet Bathyacmaea lactea transcriptomes resultedidentified six transcription factor orthologs upregulated in both onboard fixed mussel mantles and limpets, including sharply increased early growth response protein 1 and Kruppel-like factor 5. They potentially play key roles in initiating the response of sampled deep-sea macrobenthos to sampling stress. Our results clearly show that in situ fixed biological samples are vital for studying deep-sea environmental adaptation.

Effects of Heat Stress during Anthesis and Grain Filling Stages on Some Physiological and Agronomic Traits in Diverse Wheat Genotypes

Effects of Heat Stress during Anthesis and Grain Filling Stages on Some Physiological and Agronomic Traits in Diverse Wheat Genotypes

Validity And Reliability Of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) 10 Items On Pregnant Women

Background: Pregnancy period trigger emotional challenges for women, not only due to hormonal changes but also due to physical, psychological, social, financial and cultural factors. Women’s reaction to stress or difficult conditions is considered as resilience. Pregnant women who have low levels of resilience tend to report high perceptions of stress, so increasing resilience in pregnant women is important for building positive coping strategies to minimize the negative effects of stress on the mother and fetus. One of the tools that is often used to assess resilience is Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the 10-item CD-RISC on pregnant women sample. Method: This research was descriptive statistical to test the validity and reliability of the CD-RISC 10-items on 30 respondents in Magelang, Central Java. Result: The pearson correlation and cronbach alpha was used to assess validity and reliability. The statistical test results showed that the item correlation value for all items ranged from 0.711 to 0.906, r values from 10 items had score above the r table (0.361). The cronbach alpha value was 0.940. Discussion: Researchers assumed that apart from being valid and reliable, the resilience theory on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) shows relevance to culture and values adopted by pregnant women in Indonesia, therefore this tool can be employed to explore the level of resilience of pregnant women in quantitative or qualitative research. Conlussion: This study conclude that CD-RISC 10 items has good validity and reliability for assessing the resilience of pregnant women in Indonesia

The perceived social support of parents having bipolar disorder impacts their children’s mental health: a 10-year longitudinal study

BackgroundThe offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) are at higher risk of developing psychopathology than the offspring of parents with no affective disorder (control). In addition to genetic predisposition, childhood adversity and a stressful family environment are important risk factors for the OBD. Protective factors in parents, such as social support and coping strategies, may buffer the effects of stress on at-risk children. This study tested whether parents’ social support and coping style attenuated the link between risk status (OBD vs. control) and psychopathology in offspring.MethodsDuring offspring’s middle childhood, parents underwent a diagnostic interview and completed social support and coping style questionnaires. Sixty-nine OBD (39 female) and 69 control (29 female) offspring between ages 13 and 29 completed a diagnostic interview approximately 10 years later.ResultsParents’ social support satisfaction moderated the link between offspring risk status and their development of substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms (F(1,131) = 5.90, p = .017). Parents’ social network size moderated the link between offspring risk status and their development of anxiety and depression symptoms in an unexpected direction (F(1,131) = 5.07, p = .026). No effects of parents’ coping style were found.ConclusionsAmong the OBD, having parents with greater social support satisfaction and, unexpectedly, a smaller social network buffered their development of SUD and depression and anxiety symptoms by early adulthood. Parents’ social support may thus have a protective function for children in these high-risk families.

The effect of dietary emulsifiers and thickeners on intestinal barrier function and its response to acute stress in healthy adult humans: A randomised controlled feeding study.

Although dietary emulsifiers are implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, their effect has not been studied in humans. To determine the effects of high- and low-emulsifier diets (HED, LED) on intestinal barrier function in healthy subjects in unstressed and acutely stressed states. We conducted a single-blinded, cross-over, controlled feeding trial in 22 healthy adults. After recording 7 days of their habitual diet, we randomised participants to HED or LED with ≥3-week washout between diets. On dietary completion, acute stress was induced via intravenous corticotrophin-releasing hormone. We assessed dietary adherence, effects on 2-h urinary lactulose: rhamnose ratio (LRR), serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, soluble-CD14 and markers of epithelial injury and inflammation. Dietary adherence was excellent. In an unstressed state, median (interquartile range) LRR during HED was 0.030 (0.018-0.042); on LED, this was 0.042 (0.029-0.078; p = 0.04). LPB concentrations were lower on HED than LED (p = 0.026), but no differences were observed for epithelial injury or inflammation. Under acute stress, LRR increased by 89% (-1% to 486%) on HED (p = 0.004), differing (p = 0.001) from 39% (1%-90%) decrease on LED (p = 0.009). Soluble-CD14 also increased (p < 0.001). The LED had a prolonged carry-over effect on suppressing HED-induced changes during stress. Similar changes in LRR and soluble-CD14 were observed when HED was used as the first diet (both p < 0.01). High intake of emulsifiers improved barrier function in the unstressed state, but increased intestinal permeability to stress, without evidence of inflammation. A LED was protective of the stress effect.

Pubertal stress in male rats: Effects on juvenile play behavior and adult sexual partner preference

Puberty is a period of brain organization impacting the expression of social and sexual behaviors. Here, we assessed the effects of an acute pubertal stressor (immune challenge) on the expression of juvenile play (short-term) and sexual partner preference (long-term) in male rats. Juvenile play was assessed over ten trials at postnatal days (PND) (31–40) with age- and sex-matched conspecifics, and at PND35 males received a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1.5 mg/kg i.p.) or saline. Then, sexual partner preference was assessed at PND 60, 64, and 68, in a three-compartment chamber with a sexually receptive female and a male as potential partners simultaneously. The results confirmed that a single injection of LPS during puberty induced sickness signs indicative of an immune challenge. However, juvenile play was not affected by LPS treatment during the following days (PND36–40), nor was sexual behavior and partner preference for females in adulthood. These findings highlight that, while other studies have shown that LPS-induced immunological stress during puberty affects behavior and neuroendocrine responses, it does not affect juvenile play and sexual behavior in male rats. This suggests a remarkable resilience of these behavioral systems for adaptation to stressful experiences mediated by immune challenges during critical periods of development. These behaviors, however, might be affected by other types of stress.

The influence of coupling effect between stress and high temperature on the degradation of microstructure and hardness in P91 steel

Interrupted aging and creep tests were performed in the condition of 650 °C/70 MPa for P91 steel. The mechanisms of hardness and microstructure evolution during aging and creep were studied through hardness test, SEM/EBSD and TEM/EDS. By comparing the difference between aging and creep, the coupling effect of temperature and stress in P91 steel was elucidated. Results show that creep stress could accelerate the entire degradation process in P91 steel. Firstly, the dislocation density increased rapidly at the beginning of creep, and then decreased also at a high rate after reaching its peak value. On the other hand, the dislocation density decreased slowly in aging condition. Additionally, with the migration of grain boundaries under creep stress, some intergranular M23C6 entered inside grains and afterwards dissolved into matrix. On the other hand, other M23C6 which remained intergranular continuously ripened and congregated with time, and finally turned into large ones at triple junctions of grain boundaries. Furthermore, stress had the greatest impact on dislocation density, whereas temperature affected volume fraction of M23C6 the most. In creep condition, the degradation of mechanical properties of P91 steel was mainly caused by the reduction of dislocation strengthening which was followed by grain boundary strengthening.

Foliar spraying with amino acids and their chitosan nanocomposites as promising way to alleviate abiotic stress in iceberg lettuce grown at different temperatures

We analyzed the effects of foliar spraying with amino acids, chitosan (CHS) and nanocomposites (NCs) of chitosan with the amino acids proline, l-cysteine and glycine betaine (CHS-Pro NCs; CHS-Cys NCs, CHS-GB NCs, respectively) on the changes in the physiological and biochemical parameters of iceberg lettuce grown at the control temperature (20 °C) and under chilling conditions (4 °C). The physicochemical parameters of the phospholipid monolayers (PLs) extracted from plants showed the effects of the treatments on the properties of the monolayers, namely, the packing density and flexibility. We observed increased accumulation of proline at 4 °C, and differences in the concentrations of sugars in most of the analyzed variants were a consequence of the lowered temperature and/or the use of organic compounds. A temperature of 4 °C caused a significant increase in the l-ascorbic acid level compared with that at 20 °C. Differences were also found in glutathione (GSH) content depending on the temperature and treatment with the tested organic compounds. CHS NCs loaded with Pro and GB were effective at increasing the amount of phenols under stress temperature conditions. We noted that a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of plants at 4 °C occurred after priming with Cys, CHS-Cys NCs, Pro and CHS-Pro NCs, and the CHS nanocomposites were more effective in this respect. Both low-temperature stress and foliar spraying of lettuce with various organic compounds caused changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Two forms of dismutase (SOD), iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), were identified in extracts from the leaves of iceberg lettuce seedlings. The application of the tested organic compounds, alone or in combination with CHS, increased the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plants grown under controlled temperature conditions. Chilling caused an increase in the content of MDA, but some organic compounds mitigated the impact of low temperature. Compared with that of plants subjected to 20 °C, the fresh weight of plants exposed to chilling decreased. However, the tested compounds caused a decrease in fresh weight at 4 °C compared with the corresponding control samples. An interesting exception was the use of Cys, for which the difference in the fresh weight of plants grown at 20 °C and 4 °C was not statistically significant. After Cys application, the dry weight of the chilled plants was greater than that of the chilled control plants but was also greater than that of the other treated plants in this group. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that engineered chitosan–amino acid nanocomposites could be applied as innovative protective agents to mitigate the effects of chilling stress in crop plants.