Stress Balance Research Articles

Identifying Disease Associated Multi-Omics Network With Mixed Graphical Models Based on Markov Random Field Model.

In this article, we proposed a new method named fused mixed graphical model (FMGM), which can infer network structures associated with dichotomous phenotypes. FMGM is based on a pairwise Markov random field model, and statistical analyses including the proposed method were conducted to find biological markers and underlying network structures of the atopic dermatitis (AD) from multiomics data of 6-month-old infants. The performance of FMGM was evaluated with simulations by using synthetic datasets of power-law networks, showing that FMGM had superior performance for identifying the differences of the networks compared to the separate inference with the previous method, causalMGM (F1-scores 0.550 vs. 0.730). Furthermore, FMGM was applied to identify multiomics profiles associated with AD, and significance association was found for the correlation between carotenoid biosynthesis and RNA degradation, suggesting the importance of metabolism related to oxidative stress and microbial RNA balance. R codes can be accessed as an R package "fusedMGM," and an example data set and a script for analyses can be found at http://figshare.com/articles/dataset/FMGM_synthetic_data_example_zip/20509113.

Time-Series InSAR Technology for Monitoring and Analyzing Surface Deformations in Mining Areas Affected by Fault Disturbances

Faults, as unique geological structures, disrupt the mechanical connections between rock masses. During coal mining, faults in the overlying strata can disturb the original stress balance, leading to fault activation and altering the typical subsidence patterns. This can result in abnormal ground deformation and significant damage to surface structures, posing a serious geological hazard in mining areas. This study examines the influence of a known fault (F13 fault) on ground subsidence in the Wannian Mine of the Fengfeng Mining Area. We utilized 12 Sentinel-1A images and applied SBAS-InSAR, StaMPS-InSAR, and DS-InSAR time-series InSAR methods, alongside the D-InSAR method, to investigate surface deformations caused by the F13 fault. The monitoring accuracy of these methods was evaluated using leveling measurements from 28 surface movement observation stations. In addition, the density of effective monitoring points and the relative strengths and limitations of the three time-series methods were compared. The findings indicate that, in low deformation areas, DS-InSAR has a monitoring accuracy of 7.7 mm, StaMPS-InSAR has a monitoring accuracy of 16.4 mm, and SBAS-InSAR has an accuracy of 19.3 mm.

Mechanics of Surface Instabilities in Soft Dielectrics Subject to Electromechanical Loading.

As a category of polymeric materials, soft dielectrics, such as most elastomers and rubber-like materials, have shown great potential for extensive applications in various fields. Owing to their intriguing electromechanical coupling behaviors, the morphological instabilities in soft dielectrics have been an active research field in recent years. In this work, the recent progress in experimental and theoretical research on their electromechanical morphological instabilities is reviewed, especially regarding the theoretical aspect. First, we revisit the theoretical framework for the electroelasticity of soft dielectrics. Then, the typical configurations of soft dielectric membranes used to generate two typical types of surface instabilities, namely wrinkles and creases, are introduced. Three commonly used modeling approaches (i.e., the stress balance method, the incremental method, and the energy method) for surface instabilities are reviewed with specific examples. Moreover, discussions on the difference between these methods and the corresponding critical loading conditions are presented. Furthermore, this review also covers the relation and transition between wrinkling and creasing phenomena.

Applications of physical exercise in frailty: Progress, mechanisms, and prospects

Frailty is a kind of clinical state or a kind of complex pathological syndromes characterized by impaired physiological functions, weakened physical and mental resistance to stress, and reduced ability to maintain homeostasis in multiple systems. Several types of risk factors can affect the occurrence and development of frailty either independently or in conjunction with one another, including age, gender, and exercise habits; and the multidimensional systemic treatment are often required to alleviate or improve frailty. Physical exercise is the various kinds of systematic and conscious activities, it has been demonstrated that regular exercise can promote the normal metabolism processes within the body, thereby preventing or alleviating the symptoms of various diseases. Physical exercise has the potential to regulate oxidative stress, immune response, and endocrine balance in the body of frail people by activating multiple signaling pathways including mitochondrial function, cytokine secretion, and regulation of inflammatory factors, its applications in frailty has been made the significant progress and the underlying mechanisms has been further elucidated. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress on the applications of physical exercise in frailty and the potential mechanisms, hoping that our reviews may provide some helpful guidance for the further research.

Relevance of oxidative stress for small intestinal injuries induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A multicenter prospective study.

Several reports revealed that oxidative stress was involved in the mouse model of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs)-induced small intestinal mucosal injuries. Thus, we aimed to investigate in the prospective clinical study, that the relevance of oxidative stress balance in small intestinal mucosal injury in NSAIDs users. We prospectively included 60 patients who had been taking NSAIDs continuously for more than 3 months and exhibited obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (number UMIN 000011775). Small intestinal mucosal injuries were assessed by capsule endoscopy (CE), and reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) levels and oxidant capacity (OXY) adsorbent test were performed to investigate the relevance of oxidative stress balance. More than half of the patients (N = 32, 53%) had small intestinal mucosal injuries by CE, and 14 patients (24%) had ulcers. The incidence of ulcers was relatively higher in nonaspirin users. Serum OXY levels were significantly lower in the mucosal injury group (P = .02), and d-ROM levels were significantly higher in the ulcer group (P < .01). In aspirin users, d-ROM and OXY levels did not differ significantly with respect to mucosal injuries or ulcers. However, in nonaspirin users, OXY level was significantly lower in the mucosal injury group (P = .04), and d-ROM levels were significantly higher in the ulcer group (P = .02). Nonaspirin NSAIDs-induced intestinal mucosal injury is associated with antioxidant systems, resulting in increased oxidative stress.

Proteomic Alterations in Retinal Müller Glial Cells Lacking Interleukin-6 Receptor: A Comprehensive Analysis.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine implicated in various retinal pathologies and functions primarily through two signaling pathways: cis-signaling via IL-6 binding to its membrane-bound receptor (IL-6Rα), and trans-signaling via IL-6 binding to soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). Because the differential effects of IL-6 signaling in retinal Müller glial cells (MGCs) remain unclear, we generated an MGC-specific Il6ra-/- knockout (KO) mouse to eliminate IL-6Rα and, consequently, IL-6 cis-signaling in MGCs. In this study, we examined the proteomic changes in MGCs isolated from KO mice lacking a functional IL-6Rα. The proteomes of MGCs isolated from wild-type (WT) and KO mice were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Relevant biological functions and pathways were examined using Gene Ontology and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. LC-MS/MS detected 1866 proteins, of which 81 were significantly altered (41 upregulated, 40 downregulated). PRM analysis confirmed differential expression of Ptgis (fold change [FC] = 3.63), Dpep1 (FC = 2.79), Fmo1 (FC = 2.77), Igfbp7 (FC = 2.07), Rpb1 (FC = 1.73), Pygp (FC = 1.46), Niban 1 (FC = 0.58), Mest (FC = 0.48), and Aldh3a1 (FC = 0.30). The significantly altered proteins are involved in oxidative stress balance, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. The absence of IL-6Rα in KO MGCs corresponded to significant changes in their proteomic profile, highlighting the impact of autocrine IL-6 signaling on MGC function. This study provides a basis for future research evaluating distinct roles of IL-6 in MGCs and subsequent effects on retinal pathology.

Dampak Stres Kerja, Dukungan Sosial, dan Keseimbangan Kehidupan Kerja terhadap Kepuasan Kerja

The role of employees in a company organization is a very vital factor in achieving and carrying out the functions and objectives of the company. Employees become planners, implementers, and controllers who always play an active role in realizing the goals of the organization or industry. In this study, this study uses a quantitative research type. This study aims to determine the effect of work stress, social support, and work-life balance on job satisfaction. This study focuses on company employees in Indonesia, by applying the Non-Probability Sampling technique to determine the sample obtained as many as 120 respondents. The results of this study found that work stress, social support, and work-life balance have an effect on job satisfaction.

Unraveling Job Stress and Work-life Balance in Healthcare Workers: A Bibliometric Analysis

Due to their demanding jobs, unpredictable schedules, and heavy workloads, healthcare workers frequently struggle to strike a balance between their professional and personal lives. Conflicts between work obligations and personal needs may result from this imbalance, which in turn may raise stress levels at work. This study employs the bibliometric analysis method by conducting a literature study of relevant books, journals, and articles extracted from the Scopus database dating between 2006 and 2022, which consisted of a total of 152 articles. Its findings indicate a significant relationship between stress at work and work-life balance for healthcare workers. High workloads, a lack of organizational support, and lack of control over work schedules were all found to contribute to health workers experiencing more job stress. Negative effects of an unbalanced work-life schedule include increased levels of exhaustion, depression, and lower quality of life. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare organizations to pay attention to the variables that may impact the work-life balance and stress levels of healthcare professionals. Work-life balance can be improved by taking steps like offering psychological assistance, employee welfare programs, and setting up a more balanced work schedule. Keywords: job stress, work life balance, healthcare workers, bibliometric analysis

Hydraulic horizontal slit-stress synergistic unloading fracturing in coal seams

Solving the problem of gas extraction from low-permeability coal seams is an urgent issue in the global coal industry, and exploring green and efficient mining methods has potential applications in this field. In this study, the No. 9 coal seam of the Guizhou Longfeng Coal Mine was selected as the research object. The method of using a hydraulic horizontal slit to create a compensation space and then synergizing it with the coal body’s own stress to decompress and increase the permeability of the coal body was studied through similarity simulation and numerical simulation experiments. This study showed that the slit can cause the overall development, expansion, and penetration of coal seam fissures. Thereby, a large number of fissures are produced in the coal seam and its upper rock layer, which form, as a whole, a “positive trapezoid” shape. The three stages of the slit produced 165, 487, and 1572 fissures, which unpressurized and increased the penetration of the coal and rock body. The slit causes the upper coal body to lose its support, and the original stress balance of the coal and rock is broken, forming a decompression zone. At the same time, the coal body below starts to expand and deform after losing the vertical stress. The decompression zone gradually expands up and down, and the stress on both ends of the compensation space becomes larger, forming a stress concentration area. After the overall displacement of the coal seam caused by the slit, a “positive triangle” area is formed. In the upper part of the area, six displacement dividing lines are created, which form five areas. The displacement shows the distribution characteristics of a large displacement in the middle and a small displacement at both ends. The results of the similarity simulation and numerical simulation experiments were verified. The study provides a new way of thinking for effectively preventing coal and gas protrusion and improving mining efficiency.

A dynamic linearized wall model for turbulent flow simulation: Towards grid convergence in wall-modeled simulations

This paper addresses the common issue of (no-)grid convergence in wall-modeled numerical simulations and proposes a dynamic linearization technique applied to the Spalart-Allmaras wall model to achieve a proper behavior on fine grids and low-friction areas. A theoretical analysis of the numerical error committed on the shear stress balance close to the walls is performed. It shows that the error is due to the inappropriate imposition of too steep wall-normal velocity gradients that cannot be properly accounted for on the typical grids used for wall-modeled simulations. Based on this error quantification, a dedicated wall model linearization technique is proposed, following the approach developed by Tamaki, Harada and Imamura in 2017. In the proposed modified linearization method, the linearization distance is modified and adjusted dynamically. This is done according to the theoretical shear stress error estimate, in order to keep the numerical error below a user-defined threshold. The method is applied to well-referenced test cases of increasing complexity from the Turbulence Modeling Resource. Overall, the proposed wall model clearly exhibits appropriate grid convergence properties and is also able to predict accurately non-equilibrium boundary layers and flow separation using proper grid refinement.

Pain therapy in horseback riders – physiotherapeutic intervention

Introduction. Horseback riding is a complex physical activity that significantly affects a rider’s physical and mental health. Postural insufficiency can have a negative impact on a rider’s physical health as well as their his or her riding technique. Objective: The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of a three-month physiotherapy intervention on lower limb stability and mobility, activation of the torso and pelvis muscles, and the reduction of pain in specific areas of the body. Methods. The study involved 15 non-professional riders with an average age of 25.26 years who had ridden for at least 2 days a week in the last three years. Respondents completed the entry and exit measurements over a span of 3 months. The stability and mobility of the ankle, knee and hip, the ability to generate and maintain intra-abdominal pressure and the incidence of pain in the lumbar area, before and after physiotherapy intervention were evaluated. Results. After the three-month intervention, there was an improvement in the hip test (FABER), the Varus stress test, the Time and balance and the SEBT test. In the Valgus stress test before and after kinesiological intervention, there was no improvement but no worsening of the condition either. We confirmed the improvement of ankle joint stability with the Time in Balance test (66.67% improvement) and the SEBT test (32.67% improvement). Respondents experienced the greatest pain during the entry measurements in the hip joint (ø 1.53), and the lowest pain experienced during the entry testing was in the ankle joint (ø 0.33). The most significant changes occurred after the lumbar spine intervention. Conclusion. Improvement of postural stability and posture through compensatory exercises, corrective measures and proper technique is crucial for successful and safe horseback riding.

The mechanical environment regulates the extent of aortic valve calcification and thickness: an ex vivo whole mouse heart study

Abstract Background Aortic stenosis (AS) is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening due to calcification and thickening of the leaflets. Calcifications are mostly located at regions with high mechanical stress and disturbed flow suggesting that mechanical environment is important in the regulation of calcification. However, direct evidence linking valve calcification and mechanical stress is still lacking. Recently, we established an ex vivo calcification model for whole mouse hearts (Miniature Tissue Culture System MTCS) which allows the study of the mechanical environment underlying aortic valve calcification. Purpose Aim of this study was to investigate the role of mechanical stress on aortic valve calcification and thickening using the MTCS. Methods Whole mouse hearts were cultured in the MTCS with 2 distinct configurations: 1) medium flowing from the aorta towards the aortic valve to create a continuous closed aortic valve (n=28) and 2) medium flowing from the left ventricle through the aortic valve towards the aorta to create a continuous open aortic valve (n=17) (Figure1). The hearts were subjected to low (300 ul/min) or high (3000 ul/min) flow speed in the presence of calcifying medium (3mM phosphate buffer). After culture for 1 week, the hearts were isolated and fixed overnight with 4% PFA/PBS. Alizarin red staining was performed to determine calcification presence. Quantifications were performed using Caseviewer software. Results Aortic valves in closed configuration exposed to a high flow speed, exhibited significant increase in calcification compared to aortic valves in the closed configuration exposed to low flow speed or aortic valve cultured in the open position (p&amp;lt;0.01, Figure2A). Of interest, the extent of calcification in the aortic valve in closed position exposed to high flow speed strongly correlated with the diameter of the aortic annulus (R²=0.86, p&amp;lt;0.0001, Figure2B). Conversely, leaflet thickness was significantly lower in the closed aortic valve configuration as compared with the open aortic valves configuration (p&amp;lt;0.05, p&amp;lt;0.001, Figure2C). Conclusion Our study demonstrates the influence of mechanical environment on aortic valve calcification and thickening. The presence of calcification in the closed but not the open aortic valve configuration exposed to high flow suggests that increased pressure promotes calcification. The correlation of the extent of aortic valve calcification with the diameter of the aortic annulus implies that configuration of the valve is an important determinator of calcification, with potential implications for the results of aortic valve repair. The presence of a minimal amount of mechanical stress as experienced by aortic valves in the open position, however, resulted in thicker aortic valves, indicating that the right balance of mechanical stresses is required to maintain normal valve morphology. These findings provide valuable insights into AS pathogenesis, guiding future therapeutic approaches.ex vivo cultured aortic valvesCalcification in ex vivo aortic valves

Vitamin C improved anxiety and depression like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in adolescent rats by influencing on oxidative stress balance, neurotransmitter systems, and inflammatory response

ABSTRACT Objectives: Stress is an adaptive response to different events in daily life that could strain physically, emotionally, or psychologically. Adolescence is an important developmental period due to physical, psychological, and social maturation. The aim of our study is to state whether chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) during adolescence in male rats can cause anxiety and depression in adulthood and whether vitamin C (Vit C) can prevent this problem or not. Methods: For this purpose, we performed behavioral tests, including open field test, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming test. In addition, we investigated the metabolism of serotonin, the level of inflammation, oxidative stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain cortex tissue of animals. Results: Results indicated that CUMS exacerbates mood-related behaviors by affecting the brain oxidative stress balance, inflammatory response, and serotonin metabolism. Moreover, we found that CUMS-Vit C co-treatment could significantly reverse CUMS-induced complications by restoration of the mentioned biochemical parameters. Discussion: Taken together, we would like to suggest the use of Vit C supplementation as a safe, inexpensive, and effective strategy for the management of CUMS.

Inhibition of KDM4A restricts SQLE transcription and induces oxidative stress imbalance to suppress bladder cancer

In clinical practice, the limited efficacy of standard comprehensive therapy for advanced bladder cancer and the lack of targeted treatment options are well recognized. Targeting abnormal epigenetic modifications in tumors has shown considerable potential in cancer therapy. Through drug screening in tumor organoids, we identified that ML324, a histone lysine demethylase 4A (KDM4A) inhibitor, exhibits potent antitumor effects in both in vitro and in vivo cancer models. Mechanistically, Kdm4a demethylates H3K9me3, leading to chromatin opening and increased accessibility of Gabpa to the squalene epoxidase (Sqle) gene promoter, resulting in transcriptional activation. Inhibition of Kdm4a downregulates Sqle transcription, blocking cholesterol synthesis and causing squalene (SQA) accumulation. This process induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance and suppresses JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation, ultimately inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, ML324 treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth in bladder cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Our findings reveal the presence of a Kdm4a-Sqle-ROS-JNK/c-Jun signaling axis that regulates oxidative stress balance, offering a novel strategy for targeted therapy in bladder cancer.

Vulnerability of Antioxidant Drug Therapies on Targeting the Nrf2-Trp53-Jdp2 Axis in Controlling Tumorigenesis.

Control of oxidation/antioxidation homeostasis is important for cellular protective functions, and disruption of the antioxidation balance by exogenous and endogenous ligands can lead to profound pathological consequences of cancerous commitment within cells. Although cancers are sensitive to antioxidation drugs, these drugs are sometimes associated with problems including tumor resistance or dose-limiting toxicity in host animals and patients. These problems are often caused by the imbalance between the levels of oxidative stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the redox efficacy of antioxidants. Increased ROS levels, because of abnormal function, including metabolic abnormality and signaling aberrations, can promote tumorigenesis and the progression of malignancy, which are generated by genome mutations and activation of proto-oncogene signaling. This hypothesis is supported by various experiments showing that the balance of oxidative stress and redox control is important for cancer therapy. Although many antioxidant drugs exhibit therapeutic potential, there is a heterogeneity of antioxidation functions, including cell growth, cell survival, invasion abilities, and tumor formation, as well as the expression of marker genes including tumor suppressor proteins, cell cycle regulators, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and Jun dimerization protein 2; their effectiveness in cancer remains unproven. Here, we summarize the rationale for the use of antioxidative drugs in preclinical and clinical antioxidant therapy of cancer, and recent advances in this area using cancer cells and their organoids, including the targeting of ROS homeostasis.

Rayleigh–Taylor instability in a Casson fluid layer with heat and mass transfer

This study investigates the stability of the interface between two fluids, a Casson fluid on top and a viscous fluid below, with heat and mass transfer occurring between them. We used the potential flow theory, which simplifies the problem by ignoring tangential stresses and focusing on normal stress balance. We did not consider no-slip conditions at the boundaries, assuming zero normal velocity at these rigid boundaries instead. A second-order polynomial equation was developed to calculate the growth rate of instabilities and solved numerically using the Newton–Raphson method. The results showed that heat and mass transfer improved the stability of the interface, even though the Atwood number, a measure of instability, remained high.

The Growth Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol and Gallic Acid on Prostate Cancer Cell Lines through the Alteration of Oxidative Stress Balance: The Interplay between Nrf2, HO-1, and BACH1 Genes.

The association between oxidative stress and prostate cancer (PC) has been demonstrated both epidemiologically and experimentally. Balance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels depends on multiple factors, such as the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and BACH1 genes. Natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol (RSV) and gallic acid (GA), affect cellular oxidative profiles. The present study investigated the possible effects of GA and RSV on the oxidative profiles of PC3 and DU145 cells, as well as Nrf2, HO-1, and BACH1 gene expression to achieve an understanding of the mechanisms involved. PC3 and DU145 cells were treated with ascending concentrations of RSV and GA for 72 h. Then cell growth and mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and BACH1 genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. Various spectrophotometric analyses were performed to measure oxidative stress markers. RSV and GA significantly decreased the growth of PC3 and DU145 cells compared to the control group in a concentration-dependent manner. RSV and GA also decreased ROS production in PC3 cells, but in DU145 cells, only the latter polyphenol significantly decreased ROS content. In addition, RSV and GA had ameliorating effects on SOD, GR, GPX, and CAT activities and GSH levels in both cell lines. Also, RSV and GA induced HO- 1 and Nrf2 gene expression in both cell lines. BACH1 gene expression was induced by RSV only at lower concentrations, in contrast to GA in both cell lines. Our data suggest that RSV and GA can prevent the growth of prostate cancer cells by disrupting oxidative stress-related pathways, such as changes in Nrf2, HO-1, and BACH1 gene expression.

An improved phase-field model for oil–water two-phase flow and mixed-mode fracture propagation in hydraulic fracturing

An improved novel phase-field model is proposed for describing fracture propagation, effectively characterizing the interactions between oil–water two-phase fluids and solids as well as mixed-mode fracturing. This model encompasses equations for two-phase flow stress balance, fluid flow, and a complex mode fracture phase-field specific to two-phase flow. Within the fluid flow equations, the capillary pressure caused by the oil–water interface during the fluid loss process in the matrix is accounted for, and the anisotropic relative permeability during fluid flow is linked to normalized saturation. The driving forces for fracture propagation in the phase-field are categorized into Mode I and Mode II forces, with the contribution from the oil–water two-phase fluid attributed to the Mode I (tensile) driving force. The model uses finite element numerical discretization and the Newton-Raphson iterative method to establish a numerical iteration format, employing an implicit-explicit staggered solution scheme. Additionally, the model is used to investigate several key factors. It assesses the impact of different intersection angles on fracture propagation in naturally porous media. It also studies the effect of different natural fracture permeabilities on hydraulic fracture propagation. Finally, the model analyzes the propagation patterns of hydraulic fractures under different perforation phase angles.

Gold Nanowire Sponge Electrochemistry for Permeable Wearable Sweat Analysis Comfortably and Wirelessly.

Electrochemistry-based wearable and wireless sweat analysis is emerging as a promising noninvasive method for real-time health monitoring by tracking chemical and biological markers without the need for invasive blood sampling. It offers the potential to remotely monitor human sweat conditions in relation to metabolic health, stress, and electrolyte balance, which have implications for athletes, patients with chronic conditions, and individuals for the early detection and management of health issues. The state-of-the-art mainstream technology is dominated by the concept of a wearable microfluidic chip, typically based on elastomeric PDMS. While outstanding sensing performance can be realized, the design suffers from the poor permeability of PDMS, which could cause skin redness or irritation. Here, we introduce an omnidirectionally permeable, deformable, and wearable sweat analysis system based on gold nanowire sponges. We demonstrate the concept of all-in-one soft sponge electrochemistry, where the working, reference, and counter electrodes and electrolytes are all integrated within the sponge matrix. The intrinsic porosity of sponge in conjunction with vertically aligned gold nanowire electrodes gives rise to a high electrochemically active surface area of ∼67 cm2. Remarkably, this all-in-one sponge-based electrochemical system exhibited stable performance under a pressure of 10 kPa and 300% omnidirectional strain. The gold sponge biosensing electrodes could be sandwiched between two biocompatible sweat pads, which can serve as natural sweat collection and outflow layers. This naturally biocompatible and permeable platform can be integrated with wireless communication circuits, leading to a wireless sweat analysis system for the real-time monitoring of glucose, lactate, and pH during exercise.

Improvement in capacitive and Zn-storage performance of asphalt-based N, O, and Mo-doped porous carbon by Mo-catalytic oxidative modification

With the escalating demand for electrochemical energy storage, asphalt-based porous carbon is emerging as an outstanding candidate for electrodes, which hold a promising outlook in supercapacitors and zinc storage. However, the π-π stacking and conjugation of highly aromatic PAHs in asphalts significantly influence its reaction with activators, rendering it unfavorable for generating reactive groups and defective sites. Thus, the aromaticity of the asphalts has been restricted by catalytic oxidation of MoO3, and the honeycomb N, O, and Mo-doped porous carbon has been acquired by one-step activation with the help of KBr-K2CO3 molten salt. The representative sample, CAC/Mo, possesses a remarkable hierarchical pore structure and abundant heteroatoms. Mo species produce enough defects in the carbon skeleton due to the effect of stress balance and electron arrangement. Consequently, CAC/Mo sustains a high specific capacitance of 432.9F g−1 in the three-electrode system, a high specific capacity of 225.6 mAh/g, and a high energy density of 180.5 Wh kg−1 in the cathode of zinc ion capacitor (ZIC). Next, the composite CAC/Mo@I also attains a satisfactory specific capacity of 161.6 mAh/g and cycling stability in the cathode of a zinc-iodine battery.