The sedentary lifestyle is responsible for the high prevalence of diabetes which also impairs cognition including learning and memory. Various studies have highlighted the learning and memory impairments in rodent models but data regarding the timeline of their development and their correlation to biochemical parameters are scarce. So, the present study was designed to investigate the type of memory which is more susceptible to hyperglycemia and its correlation with biochemical parameters such as inflammatory cytokines, cAMP response element binding (CREB) and protein kinase B (Akt) activation. Hyperglycemia was induced using streptozotocin (STZ, 45mg/kgi.p.) and confirmed by measuring fasting blood glucose levels after 1week of STZ injection. Learning and memory deficits were evaluated using the Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) and Morris water maze (MWM), and correlated with biochemical parameters (TNF-α, IL-1β, and dopamine) at 3, 6 and 9weeks. STZ-injected rats after 3weeks of injection demonstrated moderate hyperglycemia (blood glucose = 7.99 ± 0.62mM) with intact learning and reference memory; however, their working memory was impaired in MWM. Severe hyperglycemia (blood glucose = 11.51 ± 0.69mM) accompanied by impaired short, long, and working memory was evident after 6weeks whereas learning was intact. After 9weeks of STZ injection, hyperglycemia was more pronounced (13.69 ± 1.43mM) and accompanied by a learning deficit in addition to short, long, and working memory impairments. The extent of hyperglycemia either in terms of duration or severity resulted in enhanced inflammation, down-regulation of the level of dopamine, protein expression of AKT and CREB, which possibly affected learning and memory negatively.