Strengthening Processing Research Articles

Study on the composite strengthening with laser shock processing and ultrasonic extrusion strengthening for small hole components

As a method of strengthening small-holes components, laser shock processing (LSP) exhibits thickness effect and uncertainties in the strengthening effectiveness when applied to thicker materials. To overcome this disadvantage, in this study, ultrasonic extrusion strengthening (UES) and laser shock processing (LSP) were combined to form a new composite strengthening method — laser shock processing and ultrasonic extrusion (LUE). Under certain process conditions, a comparative analysis was conducted on the fatigue life benefits and strengthening mechanisms of three strengthening methods. The results demonstrated that, under the process parameters of this study, compared to single-process treatments, LUE specimens showed 3–4 times higher average fatigue life gain. The residual stress distribution in the LUE specimens was more reasonable, and the morphology of fatigue fracture differed completely from that of a single LSP or UES specimen. The main crack source was located far away from the hole, with a radial crack source zone. The stable crack propagation rate of fatigue cracks was significantly lower than that of single-process treatments, effectively suppressing the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. This study proposed the method of combining LSP and UES, revealing the mechanism through which LUE improves the fatigue life of small-hole components.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ КОНСТРУКЦИИ МНОГОКОНТАКТНОГО ВИБРОУДАРНОГО ИНСТРУМЕНТА И ОСНОВНЫЕ ПУТИ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ

Methods of surface plastic deformation are considered and a generalized model of a tech-nological system for finishing and strengthen-ing dynamic processing by surface plastic de-formation is proposed. Based on the analysis of the issue and the prospects for the devel-opment of the method of multi-contact vibra-tion shock treatment, an algorithm for the modernization of a multi-contact vibration shock tool is proposed. The scheme of the tool for strengthening hole processing is presented, the main directions of the tool evolution are indicated.

Thermal strengthening treatment of low-rigid lead screws

The article deals with the design of equipment for thermal strengthening operations (hardening, tempering and normalization) of low-rigid long-length lead screws of high accuracy. The technology of thermal strengthening processing is given. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to the processing of lead screws and their treatment technology to obtain high geometric accuracy. Relatively long and thin products are characterized by common deviations of shapes from the straightness of the axis and the uneven pitch of the helix. The technological process of their production should include bending operations and multiple tempering to stabilize residual stresses. This ensures the straightness of the part and the stability of the thread pitch. As an effective method and promising direction, a thermal strengthening processing is proposed. Recommendations are given on technical methods of axial deformation and determination of the optimal modes of thermal strengthening. The principle of operation of the installation and algorithms of the technological process are described.

PLANNING A MULTI-FACTOR EXPERIMENT FOR DETERMINING RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE VIBRATION MACHINE OPERATION

The approaches and methods of improving the quality and efficiency of agricultural machinery repair are of priority importance in Ukraine today. The tough competitive environment in the interstate and domestic market of technical services dictates its own terms. One of the promising research methods is the planning of an experiment in the optimization of multifactorial processes, such as vibration strengthening processing of agricultural machinery parts. The object of the research in this article was the technological process of finishing, cleaning and strengthening processing of parts of tillage machines with their surface plastic vibration deformation. The purpose of the work was to plan a multifactorial experiment for the theoretical determination of the compromise parameters of the operation of a vibration machine with an activator of the movement of the working medium for strengthening the treatment of the working bodies of tillage machines. The task of the work was to: analyze research and publications on the basics of probability theory, mathematical statistics, foundations of correlation, variance and regression analyzes, planning an optimal experiment; obtain the coefficients of complex equations of multiple regression of the 2nd order and plot the dependence of the consumed energy consumption by the developed installation on the amplitude of oscillations of the working chamber, the amplitude of oscillations of the activator, angular velocity of the drive shaft of the working chamber, angular velocity of the drive shaft of the activator, processing time; the height of microroughnesses from the vibration amplitude of the working chamber, the vibration amplitude of the activator, the angular velocity of the drive shaft of the working chamber, the angular velocity of the drive shaft of the activator, the processing time; surface hardness on the vibration amplitude of the working chamber, vibration amplitude of the activator, angular velocity of the drive shaft of the working chamber, angular velocity of the drive shaft of the activator, processing time; based on the results of the research and testing of the developed installation on the basis of the constructed response surfaces of the processes under study, to determine the rational technological parameters of its operation, the compromise value of which can be obtained by the Cramer method in the mathematical environment "Mathcad 15". The research methodology was based on mathematical statistics, correlation, variance and regression analyzes, planning an optimal experiment. In scientific work, based on the results of a multifactorial experiment, a mathematical model was obtained in the form of multiple second-order regression, which adequately describes the technological process under study. Compromise technological parameters of the investigated process were obtained, which are: the amplitude of oscillations of the working chamber - 2-4 mm; the vibration amplitude of the activator is 1.5-2.5 mm; the angular speed of the drive shaft of the working chamber - 115-120 rad/s; the angular speed of the drive shaft of the activator 130-145 rad/s; processing time - 80 min.

Development of parameters of complex process technology of basic rigid elements for bullet-proof vests

Abstract. Purpose – to develop parameters of the finishing complex strengthening processing of steel sheet cards for the main parts of individual bullet-proof vests (protective parts – a front and a back of a bullet-proof vest) of type B. This technology is capable to provide to metal the planned level of mechanical properties at the level of V–VI class of protection (DSTU XXXI : 201) also it can be realized on the existing inventory (furnace, hardening, installations for nitriding in plasma of a vacuum electric arc discharge, etc.) within their design-process parameters. Methodology – analytical and experimental methods. Results of work are the recommendations about parameters of the finishing complex strengthening technology of processing of steel sheet cards for the main parts of individual bullet-proof vests and the recommendation about design-process parameters of an equipment for implementation of this technology in the industry that will allow to receive national bullet-proof vests of V–VI class of protection. The scientific novelty of results of research is defined by the parameters of technologies of heat treatment of steel sheet cards for the main parts of individual bullet-proof vests (for receiving homogeneous or heterogeneous armor) and features of design-process parameters of an equipment for implementation of this technology in the industry. Practical value of results of research consists in possible use of developments for the organization of the specialized enterprise for manufacture of armored sheets for bullet-proof vests of level V–VI class of protection.

Processing Equipment on the Basis of Operative Parts in the Form of Screw Rotors With Profiled Perimeter

The main working body of technological equipment of screw rotor technological systems are screw rotors which present spatial objects with an original geometrical shape of working body perimeter in which component parts and granules of the processing environment carry out simultaneously continuous rotation around the axis of working body and progressive motion, constantly moving along a horizontal axis of working body rotation. This article gives a classification of perimeter forms of working bodies, such as screw rotors, which let to expand technological possibilities of technological equipment and to provide the increase of effectiveness of the production process by means of increase of its amplitude-frequency characteristics. The peculiarity of working bodies in the form of screw rotors is the fact that internal cavity of a rotor has a wavy shape, formed by the sides of a semicircular form. The paper covers on a construction and the principle of operation of machine-tools on the basis of working bodies in the form of screw rotors with a shaped surface on perimeter. The suggested design solutions of processing equipment allow creating highly effective machine-tools for the finishing and strengthening processing.

Diffusion of carbon and nitrogen in TC4 titanium alloy plasma electrolytic saturation

The study aims at deriving an equation for the temperature field of the specimen- vapour-gaseous envelope (VGE) – electrolyte three-phase system, followed by the calculation of the temperature distribution expression. The diffusion mechanism of carbon and nitrogen, in light of the theory of molecular diffusion, and the mechanism behind the plasma electrolytic saturation, is also discussed. In the PES process, the diffusion of carbon and nitrogen is affected by the strengthening voltage and processing time, which in turn affects the thickness and element distribution of the diffusion layer. Carbon, of which the diffusion depth ranges from 0.5 μm to 2.5 μm, is mainly distributed into the outermost layer. While the nitrogen is able to distribute throughout the diffusion layer as indicated by its several tens microns of diffusion depth. Further, the influence of process parameters on the diffusion of atoms during the strengthening process is verified experimentally.

Vibrations in the strengthening processing of machinery parts

In this paper we discuss the problem of the application of vibrations at hardening the surface of items such as the manufacture and restoration of details of agricultural machinery to increase their share. The aim of the study is to improve the wear resistance of parts through the use of technology developed on the basis of vibration hardening of the working surfaces. Analysis of the wear resistance of parts in conventional vibratory and recovery methods to evaluate the operational durability of these parts, and to develop more efficient technology of hardening in their manufacture and restoration. The process of wear of the cutting element disc coulter seeding machines, found the optimal parameters of the vibration treatment, offering enhanced durability of these components. Based on the data developed and implemented in the production process of hardening of cutting elements disc coulters grain drills based on the vibration deformation of the working surfaces. The results can be used in the manufacture of engineering for hardening of manufactured parts.Developed and implemented in the production process using vibration reduction hardening can improve the durability of working bodies seeding machines.

РАЗВИТИЕ РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ФИНИШНОЙ ОТДЕЛОЧНО-УПРОЧНЯЮЩЕЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ПРИ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИИ ДЕТАЛЕЙ МАШИН

Рассмотрены существующие методы отделочно-упрочняющей обработки (ОУО). Предложен перспективный с точки зрения ресурсосбережения и экологической безопасности способ звуковой резонансной отделочно-упрочняющей обработки в квазиупругой среде (ЗРООКУС).

Ultrasonic Electrodeposition Nano Ni-TiN and Laser Assisted Enhancing Process Performance Research

Through the composite electrodeposition process of preparation of Ni - TiN nanocomposite plating, laser processing on its surface strengthening processing, using SEM, XRD, scratches on the surface morphology and composition were analyzed. Amount of nanoparticles suspension in plating solution is studied for nanocomposite coating under dry friction condition wear resistance; After laser hardening on the surface of a coating the hardness, wear resistance test, and optimize the electrical parameters. Ultrasonic electric sediments compared with ordinary mechanical stirring electric sediments, the surface is more meticulous, uniform, less pinhole; Laser assisted processing, makes up the defect of the general nickel plating adhesion strength is poorer, to some extent, to expand the application range of nickel plating.

Based on Bearing Centerless Strengthening and Polishing Processing Multiple Collision Finite Element Simulation Analysis

To further understand the bearing performance’s influence of the plastic deformation after balls and bearing rings surface multiple collision in ball bearing’s strengthening and polishing processing by the strengthening and polishing machine. ABAQUES software is used for finite element analysis in the three-dimensional modeling of multiple collision, and the plastic strengthen the performance of bearings is researched mainly. The results shows that the raceway surface is significant plastic strengthen in multiple collisions, Yield ability is enhanced largely, and surface residual stress state present for the compressive stress. Raceway surface strengthening process requires a particular number of times to ensure the processing, with strengthening processing times increasing, bearing raceway surface strength is saturated, then, the number continued to increase to strengthen, the surface strength is no significant increase. But after the collision of ball, uniform residual compressive stress is forming in the bearing surface, good for improving the fatigue strength and bearing life.

Plasma hardening of ridges of railway wheelsets

Plasma surface strengthening plant and processing of the rail rolling stock wheel pairs are described here. Following on from starting the equipment design up to hardened wheel pairs' acceptance, accurate adherence of the process-dependent parameters at plasma treatment, and automated control ensure hardened surface structure and properties stability, as the final result it guarantees road safety.

Building a Secure Internal Attachment: An Intra-Relational Approach to Ego Strengthening and Emotional Processing with Chronically Traumatized Clients

ABSTRACT In this paper, we introduce Intra-Relational AEDP (I-R) as an attachment-based experiential approach to trauma treatment. Integrating Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP) (Fosha, 2000a,b, 2002, 2003) with ego-state methodology, intra-relational interventions specifically seeks to help clients by (1) fostering capacities for self-regulation through shared states of affective resonance between therapist, client, and dissociated self-states; (2) facilitating authentic, open internal dialogue between self-states which can alter engrained patterns of intra-psychic conflict and self-punishment; (3) developing abilities for self-reflection and emotional processing by co-mingling previously disowned affect and emotional memories with here and now experience; and (4) attending to positive affects evoked through experiences of transformation, self-compassion, and self-affirmation. Drawing from object relations and attachment theory, intra-relational interventions places particular emphasis on internal attachment relationships formed through interactions between the client's subjective selves (internal subjects) and reflective selves (internal objects). Through visual imagery, internal dialogue, and explicit relational techniques, intra-relational interventions aims to develop this subjective-reflective dyad's capacity for reciprocal attunement, resonance, and responsiveness. Such clinical strategies aim to foster healing and psychological integration between the client and heretofore disavowed aspects of self.