Institutional Strengthening Research Articles

Kawasan Konservasi Mangrove sebagai Penggerak Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Budeng Kabupaten Jembrana Bali

Budeng Village, located in Jembrana Regency, is home to a significant mangrove conservation area featuring 32 species of mangroves with substantial potential for utilization. Conservation activities in this region are led by the Wana Merta Group, which aims to engage the local community of Budeng Village in these deeds. However, the residents have yet to show much interest due to the lack of perceived economic benefits from conservation activities. The purpose of the community service activities conducted in Budeng Village is to enhance the knowledge and skills of the community in transforming mangroves into economically valuable enterprises. These activities comprised three stages: technical guidance, training sessions, and questionnaire distribution. The activities were attended by 15 participants from the Wana Mertha Forest Farmer Group (KTH), which manages the mangrove conservation area in Budeng Village. The technical guidance included institutional strengthening materials for the group. The training sessions covered topics such as mangrove product diversification, processing Brugueira sp. into mangrove chips, processing Xylocarpus granatum into scrubs, processing shrimp and fish into siomay, as well as packaging and digital marketing to support the group's business endeavors. Throughout the technical guidance and training, participants actively engaged in discussions and followed the sessions diligently. The questionnaire results indicated a significant increase in participants' knowledge, from 40% to 73.76%, reflecting an improvement of 34.67% after the activities.

Sistem Pendistribusian Zakat oleh Baznas Kabupaten Langkat Menurut Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat: Studi Kasus di Desa Karang Rejo, Kec. Stabat, Kab. Langkat

UU no. 23 of 2011 concerning zakat management as a complement to the previous law, namely law no. 38 of 1999. This law provides institutional strengthening in integrated zakat management into a unified integrated system. In turn, the National Amil Zakat Agency becomes the only institution holding zakat authority, and the Amil Zakat Institution as a partner in assisting the National Amil Zakat Agency, as well as government oversight as a regulator. The research aims to answer the problem of how the distribution of zakat according to zakat law no. 23 of 2011 in Kab. Langkat. How is the zakat distribution system by BAZNAS Langkat Regency in Karang Rejo Village. What are the factors causing the delays of the BAZNAS distribution system in Langkat Regency. What is the strategy of BAZNAS Langkat Regency to increase the collection and effectiveness in distributing zakat in Karang Rejo Village, Langkat Regency. This research is a qualitative research using a legal sociology approach. The types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data, secondary data as initial data obtained from primary and secondary legal materials, then followed by primary data or field data obtained from documents and interviews with several Amil Agency officials Langkat District National Zakat. The results of the study show that the National Amil Zakat Agency in Langkat Regency has not run optimally in the distribution of zakat due to several obstacles, one of which is the lack of synergy with the local government in terms of regulations that have an impact on non-optimal distribution.

Sistem Pendistribusian Zakat oleh Baznas Kabupaten Langkat Menurut Undang – Undang No. 23 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat: Studi Kasus di Desa Karang Rejo, Kec. Stabat, Kab. Langkat

UU no. 23 of 2011 concerning Zakat Management as a complement to the previous law, namely Law no. 38 of 1999. This law provides institutional strengthening in integrated zakat management into a unified integrated system. In turn, the National Amil Zakat Agency becomes the only institution holding zakat authority, and the Amil Zakat Institution as a partner in assisting the National Amil Zakat Agency, as well as government oversight as a regulator. The research aims to answer the problem of how the distribution of zakat according to zakat law no. 23 of 2011 in Kab. Langkat. How is the zakat distribution system by BAZNAS Langkat Regency in Karang Rejo Village. What are the factors that cause delays in the BAZNAS distribution system in Langkat Regency. How is the strategy carried out by BAZNAS Langkat Regency to increase the collection and effectiveness in distributing zakat in Karang Rejo Village, Langkat Regency. This research is a qualitative research using a legal sociology approach. The types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data, secondary data as initial data obtained from primary and secondary legal materials, then followed by primary data or field data obtained from documents and interviews with several Amil Agency officials Langkat District National Zakat. The results of the study show that the National Amil Zakat Agency in Langkat Regency has not run optimally in the distribution of zakat due to several obstacles, one of which is the lack of synergy with the local government in terms of regulations that have an impact on non-optimal distribution. Keywords: Distribution of Zakat, BAZNAS Kab. Langkat.

Institutional Strengthening and Improvement of National Logistics Performance Through The Establishment of A National Supply Chain Agency

The logistics sector has a very important role in driving Indonesia's economic growth. However, the national logistics system currently faces various obstacles that prevent it from reaching its full potential. Many challenges slow down the development of this sector. To overcome these obstacles, it is necessary to strengthen institutions that are able to integrate and optimize logistics performance throughout Indonesia. This research suggests the establishment of a National Supply Chain Agency as a solution to improve the coordination, efficiency, and effectiveness of the logistics system. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the role and impact of the establishment of the National Supply Chain Agency on improving national logistics performance. This research uses a qualitative method with data collection from literature studies. The collected data were then analyzed through the stages of filtering, presenting, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the establishment of the National Supply Chain Agency is an important step to improve logistics performance in Indonesia. The agency is expected to address current challenges, such as inefficiency, high logistics costs, and distribution delays. Thus, the National Supply Chain Agency is proposed as a solution to improve the competitiveness of national logistics, both in the domestic and international markets, and contribute to sustainable economic growth.

Regulatory and legal component of administrative regulation of probation

The article examines the normative-legal component of the administrative regulation of probation.Itwasdeterminedthattheadministrative and legal regulation of probation is a set of legal norms and mechanisms that determine the order of organization and implementation of probation measures in the state, the competence of state bodies, their duties and rights regarding control over the implementation of probation measures and interaction in this area with the courts , law enforcement agencies and social services. It is noted that probation is a system of supervision, control and social-educational measures applied by court decision to offenders instead of imprisonment or as a substitute for punishment, includes individual supervision, assistance in resocialization and measures aimed at preventing repeated crimes and ensuring safety society, while integrating the offender into social life without isolation. It is emphasized that the NPA system of administrative and legal regulation of probation includes international legal standards, national NPAs, including Acts of central executive bodies, local normative acts, agreements, methodological recommendations, etc., the norms of which are aimed at the development of alternative punishments, provision of rehabilitation and social support of offenders, regulation of the organization and implementation of probation in Ukraine, determine the legal basis for the activity of probation authorities, and also establish the procedure for providing probation services for persons who have committed a criminal offense. It was determined that the shortcomings of the administrative and legal regulation of probation are: the imperfection of the legislative framework, violation of the probation procedure, clear criteria for assessing the convicted person and the system for assessing the risks of recidivism, the mismatch of resources and the burden on the system, the low level of coordination between subjects of probation, the prevalence of ineffective methods of psychological works; society is not aware of the purpose and mechanism of probation, etc. It has been stated that the prospects for improving the normative-legal basis of the administrative-legal regulation of probation in Ukraine are: harmonization of legislation with international standards, institutional strengthening of the probation system, expansion of various approaches to probation, improvement of mechanisms for rehabilitation and support of offenders, involvement of public organizations, development of electronic monitoring systems , expanding educational programs for probation officers, increasing funding, research and analysis of probation effectiveness, etc.

A STUDY ON THE PROSPECTS TO SUSTAINABLE URBAN REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT IN FREETOWN, SIERRA LEONE

This research addressed the prospects to sustainable urban real estate development in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The study primarily focused on the following objectives: To identify the sources of accessing finance for real estate development by real estate firms. To learn how the land code of practice and population affect real estate development and to investigate technical constraints in providing real estate projects in Freetown. Data for this study were collected using a primary source, from which a semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting the quantitative data. The study uses a case study design to achieve the study objectives. A non-probability purposively sampling was used to identify the respondents based on their experience after a line listing process of real estate firms and their employees in Freetown. For the quantitative data, a sample frame of 130 participants was drawn, of which 100 were chosen purposively based on their experience and understanding of real estate development, and 98 participated in the study. Data analysis for this study was done using descriptive (percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation and regression analysis) statistical analytical methods. The study established that sources of finance, population impact, and technical constraints in real estate delivery have a positive significant association with urban real estate development, while land code of practice has a positive insignificant association with urban real estate development. The study recommends that, the country's financial institutions popularize a scheme that is of low interest to real estate firms so as to increase the source of income for real estate firms to expand their business; that the national land policy should be reviewed so as to create an avenue for access to land for real estate firms who are willing to provide affordable housing to the country; both the government and real estate firms should work accordingly in order to provide affordable housing for the population, and effective institutional capacity strengthening and enhanced collaboration between government parastatals and private real estate firms should be popularized and implemented. For further research, it is recommended that similar wider study should be done, which will be used for a broader generalization.

Penguatan Balai Latihan Kerja untuk Peningkatan Kualitas SDM Berbasis Kompetensi

Purpose: The aim of this study is to provide an alternative solution for strengthening competency-based BLK in Bangkalan, which is directed at improving the quality of human resources, especially rural human resources. Research methodology: This study employed a qualitative method with a descriptive design. A snowball sampling technique was used to determine the informants. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, observations, and literature. Content analysis was used to identify patterns and themes. Results: Eight aspects must be fulfilled to realize competency-based institutional strengthening: work competencies, curriculum, training materials, management or administration of work institutions, instructors and training personnel, facilities, and infrastructure. Financial Administration and Valuation. Limitations: This study examined only the BLK strengthening variable in increasing workforce competency. It is possible that further studies could develop more aspects of strengthening BLK to produce a competent workforce. Contribution: This could address the problem of unemployment and improve social welfare in the community.

Irrigation Water Management and Food Security in Nigeria

Food security remains a persistent challenge in Nigeria, a country with a rapidly growing population and a heavy reliance on rain-fed agriculture. Effective irrigation water management is crucial to improving agricultural productivity and addressing this critical issue, particularly in the face of climate change and increasing water scarcity. This study investigates the current state of irrigation water management and its impact on food security in Nigeria. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining an extensive literature review with field surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions with key stakeholders, including farmers, water resource managers, policymakers, and subject matter experts. The findings reveal significant gaps in Nigeria's existing irrigation water management system, including outdated infrastructure, inefficient water distribution, limited access to irrigation technology, and poor coordination among relevant government agencies and agricultural extension services. The study explores the multifaceted relationship between irrigation water management and food security, highlighting the impact of water availability, quality, and accessibility on crop yields, livestock production, and overall agricultural output. The analysis also examines the socioeconomic and environmental implications of poor irrigation water management, such as reduced farm incomes, food price volatility, and environmental degradation. Based on the research findings, the study proposes a comprehensive framework for sustainable irrigation water management in Nigeria. This framework emphasizes the integration of technological innovations, policy reforms, institutional strengthening, and community-based approaches to enhance the efficiency, equity, and resilience of the irrigation system. Key elements of the framework include modernizing irrigation infrastructure, promoting precision agriculture techniques, improving water governance and stakeholder coordination, and enhancing the capacity of farmers and water user associations. The implications of this study are far-reaching, as it provides policymakers, development agencies, and agricultural practitioners with a thorough understanding of the critical role of irrigation water management in achieving food security in Nigeria. The proposed framework offers a roadmap for the implementation of sustainable irrigation practices, which can contribute to increased agricultural productivity, improved rural livelihoods, and enhanced national food security. The findings of this research also offer valuable insights for other developing countries facing similar challenges in the realm of irrigation water management and food security.

Análisis de la Evolución del Derecho Constitucional en Ecuador: Implicaciones para el Desarrollo Democrático

The study addresses the evolution of constitutional law in Ecuador, focusing on the transformations introduced by the 2008 Constitution and its impact on democratic development. The objective is to analyze how these reforms have changed the country's legal framework, with emphasis on the rights of nature, plurinationality and citizen participation. The methodology employed is qualitative, based on an exhaustive review of relevant bibliographic sources including scientific articles, historical documents and specialized analyses. Among the results, it stands out that, although the 2008 Constitution introduced significant advances, its implementation has been uneven due to structural barriers and political resistance. Despite advances in terms of inclusion and environmental sustainability, hyper-presidentialism continues to limit the development of an effective system of checks and balances. The discussion concludes that, although the Constitution has generated important legal innovations, implementation challenges persist, affecting the consolidation of a more inclusive democracy. The conclusions suggest that institutional strengthening is necessary to ensure that the progressive principles enshrined in the Constitution translate into tangible benefits for Ecuadorian society.

Penguatan Kelembagaan Lokal dan Konservasi Ekologi Mangrove Jangkaran Untuk Pariwisata Berkelanjutan

This community service focuses on strengthening local institutions, preserving mangrove ecology and increasing tourist visits. Activities are carried out through collective problem solving, training and mentoring. This community service has succeeded in encouraging and implementing pro-sustainable tourism policies. Strengthening informal institutions, especially developing joint agreements, resolving disputes/conflicts, cooperation, commitment and new ideas, namely low carbon tourism. This activity also ensures that all sustainable tourism ideas are prepared, included and regulated in the review and revision of the Jangkaran Village Tourism Master Plan (RIPPARKAL). Ripparkal is the foundation for mangrove ecology and ecosystem conservation through village regulations as formal institutional strengthening. In this way, the institution is legal and binding, so that the government provides the village budget and infrastructure to carry it out. Apart from that, focusing on ecological conservation can encourage carbon trading from communities to emitters as an alternative financing mechanism in line with Presidential Regulation No. 98/2021. However, this dedication is too early to evaluate the achievement of ecological and environmental improvements, as well as overcoming decline. visits for short periods of service. This still requires assistance and capacity strengthening to fulfill the necessary requirements and complementary requirements to enter the next carbon trading system.

Synergisticity Of District National Zakat Amil Agency, Zakat Amil Institution And Pati Regional Government In Zakat Management

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the existence of two groups managing zakat (government and society) making up two large parts of the field of zakat management in Indonesia. The government and its institutions are used as the main focus of zakat collection targets by the National Zakat Amil Agency (BAZNAS) while the general public and private companies are more targeted objects for zakat collectors by the National Zakat Amil Institute (LAZNAS). In terms of legal regulations, the implementation of zakat in Indonesia shows cooperation between BAZNAS and the government to collect zakat funds from government employees to all institutions. However, in reality the results of collecting zakat, infaq and alms are still far below the existing potential, so there is still a need for synergy in various fields for the two groups of zakat managers. The aim of this research is to find out how there is communication synergy, coordination synergy and innovation synergy between the Pati National Amil Zakat Agency, the Amil Zakat Institute and the Regional Government of Pati Regency in managing zakat. This type of research uses qualitative research methods with the researcher as the key instrument in recording and collecting data through interviews, observing, collecting documents from zakat collection institutions and the Pati district government. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out using an interactive analysis model. The results of this research conclude that 1. The form of communication synergy between the National Amil Zakat Agency of Pati, the Amil Zakat Institute of the Ministry of Religion of Pati and the Regional Government of Pati Regency is carried out formally by invitation or coming directly to the institution, or communicating using a digital platform by prioritizing the context of mutual brotherhood. need in managing zakat. The messages conveyed in the communication process are of high quality because the language is communicative, the message content is needs-oriented and delivered in a friendly manner. Feedback from communication shows support, openness and sincerity as well as high enthusiasm and commitment. 2). The form of coordination synergy is coordination synergy in planning, potential, cooperation in zakat education, distribution, joint program synergy and synergy in reporting. The mechanisms for coordination synergy include goal setting, stakeholder identification, payroll collection. Coordination synergy in monitoring and evaluation by sharia auditors or public accountants. 3). Synergy of innovation is carried out in Strengthening Zakat Regulations including the issuance of Regent's regulations on zakat, the issuance of regional regulations on zakat, b. Institutional strengthening includes the development of new UPZs, collaborative data analysis with religious instructors, routine quarterly coordination with fellow zakat managers, c. Program synergy, including zakat education with socialization and guidance of UPZ, distribution of zakat other than ashnaf 8, distribution of zakat for disaster response

Violation of the Prudential Principle in Cooperative Credit Granting

This research examines the violation of the prudential principle in credit granting by cooperatives from a normative legal perspective. The research aims to analyze the legal framework governing the prudential principle in cooperative credit granting, identify common forms of violations, and formulate legal implications and recommendations to strengthen the application of this principle. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that although regulations governing the prudential principle in cooperative credit granting exist, their implementation still faces significant challenges. Common forms of violations include negligence in credit analysis, weak monitoring systems, and conflicts of interest in decision-making. The legal implications of these violations range from administrative sanctions to criminal charges for involved cooperative officials. This research recommends strengthening the regulatory framework, enhancing supervisory capacity, and reforming cooperative governance to prevent future violations of the prudential principle. In conclusion, enforcing the prudential principle in cooperative credit granting requires a comprehensive approach involving regulatory reform, institutional strengthening, and increasing legal awareness among cooperative actors.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LAND FRAGMENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION PRACTICES, POLICY RESPONSES IN TÜRKİYE AND KYRGYZSTAN

Understanding agricultural land dynamics is imperative for sustainable development. This research presents a comparative analysis of land fragmentation and consolidation practices in Türkiye and Kyrgyzstan. Land fragmentation, a global issue, hinders agricultural modernization due to small, scattered parcels. Factors such as inheritance laws, population pressure, and economic shifts contribute to fragmentation. Land consolidation, a solution advocated by FAO and FIG, aims to redistribute land, enhance productivity, and achieve public objectives. While Türkiye demonstrates successful land consolidation efforts, Kyrgyzstan lacks legislation and institutional capacity, impeding progress. Recommendations include tailored legislation, institutional strengthening, and international collaboration. Türkiye's experience shows significant reductions in parcel numbers and increased access to resources. Addressing fragmentation requires simultaneous consolidation and land banking initiatives. By implementing these recommendations, both countries can overcome fragmentation challenges and foster sustainable agricultural development.

Правовий статус страховика як учасника договірних страхових відносин

Despite the regulation of insurance relations by Ukrainian legislation, due attention from both scientists and legislators requires the issue of improving the legal status of participants in insurance relations, determining their place in such relations in order to effectively protect their rights and interests. The purpose of the article is to study the legal status of the insurer as a participant in insurance contractual relations, analyze existing approaches to its determination, establish the features of the insurer's legal personality and provide proposals for further improvement of legislation in this area. A characteristic feature of an insurance contract as an independent type of civil legal obligations within the group of contracts for the provision of services is that the conclusion of insurance contracts is directly the subject of activity of specially authorized participants in civil relations – insurance organizations (insurers). It has been established that the insurer, as a participant in insurance contractual relations, is a legal entity that, being specially created to provide insurance services and having received a license for this in the prescribed manner, undertakes the obligation, in accordance with the terms of the contract or an indication of the law, to provide insurance to the insured for a certain fee, to carry out an insurance payment (insurance compensation) to the insured or beneficiary as a result of the occurrence of a certain event (insured event). In insurance contractual relations, the insurer can only have a legal entity on its side, which is empowered to carry out insurance activities only after receiving a special permit (license), which indicates that legal entities - insurers have special legal personality. An insurance organization is endowed with the general legal capacity of a legal entity with a special scope of legal capacity as a financial institution. Attention is drawn to the fact that a significant factor in the modernization of the civil legislation of Ukraine today is the global trend towards unification and harmonization of private law regulation, the formation of optimal legal norms for many areas of private law relations, including insurance. In this regard, the need is justified to determine at the legislative level the requirements for the insurer when it carries out certain types of compulsory insurance, which have their own specifics and provide for the creation of increased guarantees of protection for those persons who, due to objective circumstances, are exposed to increased risk and the extension of insurance protection to cases possible violation of public interests by the method of guaranteeing receipt of insurance payment (insurance compensation). It is concluded that the recodification of the civil legislation of Ukraine opens up prospects for a qualitative update of the legal regulation of insurance contractual relations and will contribute to the development of the provision of insurance services, strengthening of legal institutions in the field of insurance, raising the standards of providing insurance services and ensuring adequate protection of the rights of participants in insurance relations

Management for Institutional Strengthening in Tertiary Education: A Model Proposal Based on an Empirical Study

Management for Institutional Strengthening in Tertiary Education: A Model Proposal Based on an Empirical Study

Local Institutional Strengthening in Sustainable Lake Fisheries Resources Management System (Case Study of Tempe Lake, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia)

Local Institutional Strengthening in Sustainable Lake Fisheries Resources Management System (Case Study of Tempe Lake, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia)

Challenges and Opportunities in Nigeria's Renewable Energy Policy and Legislation

Endowed with abundant renewable energy resources, Nigeria stands at a pivotal point in its energy development journey. This study explores the landscape of renewable energy policy and legislation in Nigeria, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that shape the sector. The research begins with an overview of Nigeria's current energy framework, emphasizing the critical role of renewable energy in achieving sustainable development. It examines existing policies and legislative frameworks, identifying the key government agencies responsible and outlining their respective functions. Despite the country's vast potential, numerous barriers impede the growth of renewable energy. These include legal and regulatory inconsistencies, institutional inefficiencies, financial constraints, and technical challenges. The study delves into these issues, providing a comprehensive analysis of how they hinder progress in renewable energy adoption. Conversely, the research identifies significant opportunities to enhance renewable energy policy and legislation including potential legislative reforms, institutional strengthening, financial incentives, and the promotion of technological innovation and infrastructure development. By leveraging these opportunities, Nigeria can create a more robust and conducive environment for renewable energy growth. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to bridge the existing gaps and foster a sustainable energy future for Nigeria. It also outlines future research directions aimed at optimizing renewable energy policies and practices. Through this comprehensive analysis, the study aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on renewable energy in Nigeria, providing insights to guide effective policy-making and legislative action.

Social Citizenship And Urban Community Participation

Jakarta City as a representation of major city in Indonesia with the highest positive patients infected with covid 19. Various attempts were made by the central and regional governments to break the spread of pandemic covid 19, one of which was to impose Large Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). However, efforts to overcome government efforts do not seem to be balanced with public awareness to be involved in implementing regulations and to be part of efforts to cope with the spread pandemic covid 19 and recovery. Based on these facts, this study tries to identify the presence or absence of citizenship, the types of citizenship that exist in the people of DKI Jakarta and what efforts can be made to activate citizenship in Jakarta. In the PSBB situation the research method is carried out using a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) using a questionnaire and in-depth interviews through digital media. The results showed that the type of citizenship that exists in the people of DKI Jakarta at the moment is passive citizenship. However, the results of this study also indicate the potential for community participation that show great potential to build or strengthen social solidarity and capital. It is therefore important to encourage the transformation of activation from passive citizenship into active citizenship including institutional strengthening, so that citizens not only have citizenship rights, but at the same must be obliged to engage in various efforts to overcome the pandemic and recovery after the pandemic occurred.

Libraries and National Education Policy (NEP 2020) of India in higher education

Purpose This study aims to provide an overview of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, identify areas where libraries can play crucial role in effective implementation of NEP 2020 and explains the role of libraries in higher education for implementation of NEP 2020 in India. Design/methodology/approach For the purpose of the present research, the researcher has evaluated The “National Education Policy 2020” document consisting of 65 pages. The contents of NEP 2020 are evaluated to find out major areas of working for libraries and in the context of major areas, the crucial role which a library can play in implementation of NEP 2020 is described. Hence, the research methodology followed is “descriptive research method”. Findings NEP is bringing out tremendous positive changes in higher education in India. The changes can be effectively implemented with the help of libraries and library professionals to adapt to course, curriculum, research and infrastructure-related changes. The challenges of the 21st century in the field of higher education are related to personality development, strengthening of Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs), internationalisation of higher education, specific skills and values for students, motivation for researchers and teachers as well as for equity and inclusiveness of higher education can be effectively imparted by libraries and it can contribute as a catalyst for overall national development. Research limitations/implications The study covers NEP of India 2020 and the role of libraries in HEIs of India are described. Practical implications NEP 2020 and its implementation are mandatory in HEIs in India. All universities and colleges in India had started implementing India’s NEP 2020, and hence, accessing the role of libraries in higher education for the successful implementation of NEP 2020 is essential. Elaborating on the “Role of Libraries under National Education Policy 2020” of India, libraries play a very important role in implementing the NEP 2020 of India. The sub-chapters from 9 to 19 under Chapter III on higher education are thoroughly studied by the researcher and on the basis of the contents related to NEP in the higher education system of India, the library parameters that can identify the role of libraries in NEP 2020 are explained. Social implications Libraries contribute to “personal development” as well as “to inculcate certain prescribed skills and values”. “Interdisciplinary research” is intended to develop an active community of research in various disciplines as well as to increase the efficiency of both physical resources and human resources. Promoting interdisciplinary research is done through libraries. Many libraries have developed “inclusive education centres” to provide library facilities to visually impaired and disabled students. Originality/value Overall personality development, strengthening of educational institutions, optimistic move towards multidisciplinary education through identification of business skills and specific skills and values, internationalisation of education, a motivation factor for students, teachers and researchers as well as equity and inclusiveness in higher education are all the areas occupied by libraries. It is described elaborately and it is of social and educational value for all.

Vitamin A supplementation status and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months in Tanzania: a multi-level analysis.

Vitamin A supplementation every 4-6 months is an economical, rapid, and effective strategy to enhance vitamin A status and minimize child morbidity and mortality due to vitamin A deficiency in the long run. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the level as well as the factors influencing VAS status among children aged 6-59 months in Tanzania. This analysis relied on data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS). The study used a weighted sample of 9,382 children aged 6-59 months. Given the effect of clustering and the binary character of the outcome variable, we employed a multilevel binary logistic regression model. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine statistical significance, considering the model with the lowest deviation that best fits the data. In this study, vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6-59 months was found to be 53.18% [95% CI: 52.17, 54.19]. Mother's/caregiver's working status; Working [AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.89], ANC follow-up [AOR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.2], and health facility delivery [AOR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.25, 1.91] were individual-level factors associated with vitamin A supplementation. Whereas administrative zones of Western [AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.52], Southern highlands [AOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 2.02, 7.24], Southern administrative zone [AOR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.37, 5.3], and South West highlands [AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.95] were community-level factors associated with vitamin A supplementation. The proportion of VAS among children in Tanzania is low compared to UNICEF's target of 80. Mother's/caregiver's working status, antenatal care, place of delivery, community-level media exposure, and administrative zones were significantly associated factors with vitamin A supplementation. Therefore, interventions should be designed to improve the uptake of VAS. Provision and promotion of ANC and institutional delivery and strengthening of routine supplementation are recommended to increase coverage of childhood vitamin A supplementation. Moreover, special focus should be given to regions in the south-western highlands.