Strengthen Health Promotion Research Articles

Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Organizational Readiness for Knowledge Translation (OR4KT) questionnaire

BackgroundOrganizational readiness to change healthcare practice is a major determinant of successful implementation of evidence-based interventions. However, we lack of comprehensive, valid, and reliable instruments to measure it. We assessed the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Organizational Readiness for Knowledge Translation (OR4KT) questionnaire in the context of the implementation of the Prescribe Vida Saludable III project, which seeks to strengthen health promotion and chronic disease prevention in primary healthcare organizations of the Osakidetza (Basque Health Service, Spain).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted including 127 professionals from 20 primary care centers within Osakidetza. They filled in the OR4KT questionnaire twice in a 15- to 30-day period to test repeatability. In addition, we used the Survey of Organizational Attributes for Primary Care (SOAPC) and we documented the number of healthcare professionals who formally engaged in the Prescribe Vida Saludable III project within each participating center to assess concurrent validity.ResultsCronbach’s alpha for the overall OR4KT was .95, and the overall repeatability coefficient was 6.95%, both excellent results. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the underlying theoretical structure of 6 dimensions and 23 sub-dimensions. There were positive moderate-to-high internal correlations between these six dimensions, and there was evidence of good concurrent validity (correlation coefficient of .76 with SOAPC, and .80 with the proportion of professionals engaged by center). A score higher than 64 (out of 100) would be indicative of an organization with high level of readiness to implement the intervention (sensitivity = .75, specificity = 1).ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the OR4KT exhibits very strong reliability and good validity, although it needs to be validated in a larger sample and in different implementation contexts.

“Self-Employed” in Caregivinghood: The Contribution of Swedish Informal Caregivers’ Environmental and Contextual Resistance Resources and Deficits

Informal caregivers provide the majority of care for older adults residing in their own homes. Caregivinghood, a new evidence-based concept, describes a time of life when relatives provide care at home. These caregivers need knowledge regarding resources to help them resolve the challenges they encounter. The theoretical framework underpinning this study is Antonovsky’s salutogenic theory of health. This study had two aims: (1) to examine the salutogenic core concepts Generalized and Specific Resistance Resources and Deficits (GRRs/SRRs and GRDs/SRDs) described by Swedish informal caregivers as originating from the environmental and contextual domain of caregivinghood and (2) to discuss how this new knowledge might contribute to the development of health promotion initiatives. This qualitative and theory driven study used inductive and deductive data analysis. Data were gathered through salutogenically guided face-to-face interviews of 32 Swedish informal caregivers. In addition, the study relied on the salutogenic core concepts Specific and Generalized Resistance Resources and Deficits originating from their environment and context. Being in empowering surroundings reflects the presence of usable SRRs/GRRs, whereas Struggling in impeding surroundings reflects the presence of SRDs/GRDs. The results indicate that health-enhancing support has to be individualized (SRRs/SRDs) and generalized (GRRs/GRDs). This study’s salutogenic approach and the methodology enhance the understanding of the mechanisms behind the development of Sense of Coherence. The results contribute both empirically and theoretically to strengthen health promotion research and practice when developing activities and support for caregivers in stressful situations, such as informal caregiving.

Community health worker perspectives on a new primary health care initiative in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.

BackgroundIn 2010, South Africa’s National Department of Health launched a national primary health care (PHC) initiative to strengthen health promotion, disease prevention, and early disease detection. The strategy, called Re-engineering Primary Health Care (rPHC), aims to provide a preventive and health-promoting community-based PHC model. A key component of rPHC is the use of community-based outreach teams staffed by generalist community health workers (CHWs).MethodsWe conducted focus group discussions and surveys on the knowledge and attitudes of 91 CHWs working on community-based rPHC teams in the King Sabata Dalindyebo (KSD) sub-district of Eastern Cape Province.ResultsThe CHWs we studied enjoyed their work and found it meaningful, as they saw themselves as agents of change. They also perceived weaknesses in the implementation of outreach team oversight, and desired field-based training and more supervision in the community.ConclusionsThere is a need to provide CHWs with basic resources like equipment, supplies and transport to improve their acceptability and credibility to the communities they serve.

Healthy ageing in Germany – common care and insurance funding. Institutional and financial dimension of health promotion for older people

In Germany responsibilities for health promotion and prevention lies with a multitude of different actors and institutions. The institutional arrangement of health promotion is shaped by the German federal structure of the state on the one hand and by a health care system that is characterized by divided responsibilities between governmental organisations, self-administered bodies and non-governmental organisations on the other hand. Although federal-level programs are successfully implemented in the country, the attempt of the Federal government to consolidate and clarify responsibilities in the public health area meets resistance. The Preventive Health Care Act from 2015 is an attempt to strengthen health promotion, its effective impact will be for the future to show. Health promotion activities are initiated and provided by a variety of institutions: governmental, self-administered and voluntary (NGOs) often based on networks form. They cover activities on federal, Lander and local level. The Federal Ministry of Health and federal health agencies (specially BZgA) play an important role in this field. They created a number of health promotion regulation and activities initiatives which added to disease and addiction prevention. In health promotion for older people (HP4OP) programs, there is also a number of regionally and locally oriented initiatives. In this paper, we outline main features of the HP4OP activities in Germany with regard to institutions and financing mechanism. In addition, we describe health-targeting programmes/projects indicated as good practices:(a) established and developed in Germany and (b) provided by the European Commission with significant participation of German institutions. The multitude and variety of HP4OP programs differentiate positively German health system from other health systems in ageing countries.

Magnitude of Stunting and its Determinants among Children Aged 06-59 Months in Semen Bench Woreda, Genja District-A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study in South West Ethiopia, 2017

Background: Children are most vulnerable to stunting in developing countries because of inadequate health services, poor water and sanitation, poor maternal and child care practices and insufficient access to food. Malnutrition in Ethiopia, in the form of stunting is higher than other forms of malnutrition among under five children. Objective: To assess magnitude of stunting and its determinants among children aged 06-59 Months in Semen Bench Woreda, Genja District, South West Ethiopia. Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 7 to May 28, 2017 in Genja district, southwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and measuring height of children. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used using SPSS version 21 software to see the relevant associations. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify factors associated with. P<0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Anthropometric data were also converted into indices of nutritional status using Emergency Nutrition Assessment (ENA) for SMART. Results: A total of 309 households were included in the study giving the response rate 100%. The prevalence of stunting among children 6-59 month in Genja district was 23%. From its 3.6% of them were severely stunted whereas 19.4% was moderately stunted. In multivariate analysis income and history of diarrhea were independent predictors of stunting with p- value <0.05. Children who had no history of diarrhea in the past had 0.6 lower odds of stunting than their counterpart (AOR=0.63, (CI; 1.03, 3.44)) and also children’s whose family had income between 500-1000 had 0.8 lower odds off stunting than their counterpart (AOR=0.84, (CI; 0.2, 0.92)). Conclusion and recommendation: Prevalence of stunting among children aged 6-59 months was to some extent high in contrast to other studies and government plan. Thus, it is indispensable to strengthen health promotion actions and social, educational and income-generating investments for preventing and fighting these nutritional ailments, which are still significantly present in this study area.

Predictors of incomplete immunization coverage among one to five years old children in Togo.

BackgroundIncompleteness of vaccination coverage among children is a major public health concern because itcontinues to sustain a high prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases in some countries. In Togo, very few data on the factors associated with incomplete vaccination coverage among children have been published. We determined the prevalence of incomplete immunization coverage in children aged one to five years in Togo and associated factors.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2010 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS4) conducted in 2010 among children aged 1 to 5 years in Togo. This survey was conducted over a period of two months from September to November, 2010.ResultsDuring Togo’sMICS4 survey, 2067 children met the inclusion criteria for our study. Female children accounted for 50.9 % (1051/2067) of the sample and 1372 (66.4 %) lived in rural areas. The majority of children (92.2 %; 1905/2067) lived with both parents and 30 % of the head of households interviewed were not schooled (620/2067). At the time of the survey, 36.2 % (750/2067) of the children had not received all vaccines recommended by Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).In multivariate analysis, factors associated with incompleteness of immunization at 1 year were: health region of residences (Maritime aOR = 0.650; p = 0.043; Savanes: aOR = 0.324; p <0.001), non-schooled mother (aOR = 1.725; p = 0.002),standard of living (poor: aOR = 1.668; p = 0.013; medium: aOR = 1.393; p = 0.090) and the following characteristics of the household heads: sex (aOR = 1.465; p = 0.034), marital status (aOR = 1.591; p = 0.032), education level(non-educated: aOR = 1.435; p = 0.027.ConclusionThe incomplete immunization coverage among children in Togo remains high. It is necessary to strengthen health promotion among the population in order to improve the use of immunization services that are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality among under five years old children.

Health System Development and Performance in Korea and Japan: A Comparative Study of 2000-2013.

BackgroundThe Japanese and Korean healthcare systems are very similar and thus, they have the same problems and weaknesses. This study discusses the problems and proposes complementary solutions based on the results of a comparative analysis of conditions in the healthcare systems of the two countries.MethodsThis article presents a comparative analysis of the healthcare status of the two countries based on certain health criteria used worldwide, a literature review, and data from the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank, and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).ResultsThe scores of the healthcare systems were calculated for quantitative comparison. The performance of the Japanese health system was the best, followed by the Korean health system. Both countries observed an increased life expectancy and decreased infant and under-five mortality rates during the last 14 years. However, lower fertility rates were found, which could lead to a decreased working population and a subsequent increase in the economic burden of governments and households. A higher alcohol consumption rate was found in Korea, which was related to the establishment of interpersonal relationships.ConclusionThe reform of the healthcare systems in Korea and Japan led to an increased life expectancy; concurrently, reduced fertility rates led to an increasing aging population. As a result, increasing health costs require additional measures to improve health equity and strengthen health promotion.

Sexual Relationships, Sex Communication, and Condom Use among Heterosexual African-American Male College Students in the Southeastern US

This study provides a deeper understanding of hiv risk among African-American heterosexually active men in college. Forty-three men participated in five focus groups and 20 of these participants completed in-depth individual interviews. Participants desired both committed relationships that contributed to greater intimacy and casual sexual relationships. Participants reported many challenges in communicating clearly and specifically with their partners about sexual histories, sexual satisfaction and condom use. In particular, communication barriers inhibited the formation of intimacy and complicated efforts to practice safer-sex. hiv prevention efforts should address barriers to protection use, while strengthening health promotion messages and motivations that already exist.

The right to health, health systems development and public health policy challenges in Chad

BackgroundThere is increasing consensus that the right to health can provide ethical, policy and practical groundings for health systems development. The goals of the right to health are congruent with those of health systems development, which are about strengthening health promotion organizations and actions so as to improve public health. The poor shape and performance of health systems in Chad question the extent of realization of the right to health. Due to its comprehensiveness and inclusiveness, the right to health has the potential of being an organizational and a normative backbone for public health policy and practice. It can then be understood and studied as an integral component of health systems development.MethodThis paper uses a secondary data analysis of existing documents by the Ministry of Public Health, Institut National de la Statistique, des Etudes Economiques et Démographiques (INSEED), the Ministry of Economy and Agence Française de Cooperation to analyze critically the shape and performance of health systems in Chad based on key concepts and components of the right to health contained in article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and on General Comment 14.ResultsThe non-realization of the right to health, even in a consistently progressive manner, raises concerns about the political commitment of state officials to public health, about the justice of social institutions in ensuring social well-being and about individual and public values that shape decision-making processes. Social justice, democratic rule, transparency, accountability and subsidiarity are important groundings for ensuring community participation in public affairs and for monitoring the performance of public institutions.ConclusionThe normative ideals of health systems development are essentially democratic in nature and are rooted in human rights and in ethical principles of human dignity, equality, non-discrimination and social justice. These ideals are grounded in an integrated vision of society as a place for multi-level interactions, where government plays its role by equitably providing institutions and services that ensure people’s welfare. Inter-sectoral collaboration, which calls for a conceptual shift in health and public policy, can be instrumental in improving health systems through concerted efforts of various governmental institutions and civil society.

Investigation of health management needs after health examination

Objective To investigate the needs of health management after physical examination, differences in needs among different physical examination people, and methods of health management, in order to provide references of establishing health management service system and operation mode. Methods Nine hundred and eighty-six physical examination cases were randomized selected in December 2013. Self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a survey, and then the results were analyzed statistically. Results The health management contents that people needed most was diagnosis and treatment for patients suspected, the proportion was 65. 9%, followed by explaining the disease and nursing knowledge, the establishment of electronic information file, regular follow-up, counseling, periodic review and guide self management, the respective rates were 61.0%, 59.0%, 58.0%, 57.8%, 54.0% and 52.0%. Health management requirements were related to age, occupation, cultural level, and per capita income. Management modes selected by health examination people were telephone follow-up, issuing brochures, and SMS remind. Conclusions Understanding of health management demand of the subject, and developing diversified and personalized management, can strengthen health promotion and disease management, so as to serve the physical examination population better. Key words: Physical examination; Health management; Health survey

Health policy in South Australia 2003-10: primary health care workforce perceptions of the impact of policy change on health promotion.

This paper examines recent Australian health reform policies and considers how the primary health care (PHC) workforce experiences subsequent change and perceives its impact on health promotion practice. Health policy documents were analysed to determine their intended impact on health promotion. Interviews were conducted with 39 respondents from four State-funded PHC services to gain their perceptions of the impact of policy change on health promotion. There have been a plethora of policy and strategy documents over the last decade relevant to PHC, and these suggest an intention to strengthen health promotion. However, respondents report that changes to the role and focus of PHC services have led to fewer opportunities for health promotion. Services are struggling to engage in health promotion activity, while funding and policy directions are prioritised to targeted, individual behaviour change. The experience of PHC workforce respondents in South Australia suggests that, despite policy intentions, health promotion practice is much reduced. Our research suggests that rigorous evaluation of health sector reforms should be undertaken to assess both intended and unintended outcomes in terms of service quality and delivery. SO WHAT? Health promoters are experiencing a contradictory policy and practice environment, and this research should assist health promoters in advocating for more government accountability in the implementation of policies in order to advance comprehensive PHC.

School Health, an Important Issue in the New Millennium

Copyright ©2014, Health Policy Research Center. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Worldwide, numerous aspects of students' current behaviors negatively impact their health. Such behaviors include nutrition, physical activities and leisure time (1). Schools can have a major influence on compromising these issues. Our children and adolescents spend the majority of their active time in school. This is a unique opportunity for the health system to promote the health of not only the youth but also their parents, teachers and other school personnel. On the other side, healthy students have better academic performance and learning skills. Thus there is a bilateral relation between education and health for which both are the basis for improvement. In 1995, the World Health Organization launched the Global School Health Initiative. The purpose of this initiative was to mobilize and strengthen health promotion and education activities at local, national, regional and global levels. The Initiative has targeted students, school personnel, families and other members of the community through increasing the numbers of health promoting schools. Although there is a debate regarding the definition of a health promoting school, the concept includes constant strengthening capacity of the school as a healthy setting for living, learning and working (2). Despite the recognition of the importance of school health and many initiatives in different countries, in reality, there was limited success (3). Indeed the rate of tobacco use, substance abuse, unintentional injury and violence, unhealthy nutritional behavior, physical inactivity and even sexually transmitted diseases have increased worldwide among adolescents (4, 5). For example, in the majority of countries the numbers of obese students tripled in the past 20 years (6). Many vertical programs, despite their initial success, have not been sustainable and in some cases they were detrimental to other aspects of health. Ignorance of the basis for childhood and adolescent behaviors and the way they adopt unhealthy behavior is a major obstacle in the formation of effective policies and programs for health promotion among youth. Mental and social aspects of health are not well addressed in many of these programs. There is still a lack of data on many aspects of school health. Time trends of the risks are not recognized on a timely manner and challenges are seen only years after they have induced their negative effects.

Strengthening health promotion in hospitals with capacity building: a Taiwanese case study: Table 1:

Organizational capacity building for health promotion (HP) is beneficial to the effective implementation of HP in organizational settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) Health Promoting Hospitals' (HPHs) initiative encourages hospitals to promote the health of their stakeholders by developing organizational capacity. This study analyzes an application case of one hospital of the HPH initiative in Taiwan, characterizes actions aiming at building organizational support to strengthen health gains and identifies facilitators of and barriers to the implementation of the HP in this hospital. Case study methodology was used with a triangulation of various sources; thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative information. This study found a positive impact of the HPH initiative on the case hospital, such as more support from leadership, a fine-tuned HP mission and strategy, cultivated pro-HP habits of physical activities, a supportive intramural structure, an HP-inclusive system, improved management practices and enhanced staff participation. Transformational and transactional enablers are of equal importance in implementing HPH. However, it was also found that the case hospital encountered more transactional barriers than transformational ones. This hospital was hindered by insufficient support from external environments, leadership with limited autonomy and authority, a preference for ideals over professionalism, insufficient participation by physicians, a lack of manpower and time, a merit system with limited stimulating effect, ineffective management practices in weak central project management, a lack of integration, insufficient communication and an inability to inculcate the staff on the importance of HP, and inadequate staff participation. Several implications for other hospitals are suggested.

보건의료체계의 발전과 성찰

During last 65 years, Korea has achieved very rapid economic growth and social reformation including healthcare system. Many foreigners have praised that Korea healthcare system is very good in the respect of ease accessibility to healthcare under the lowest cost among the industrialized countries. Whole population are covered by the National Health Insurance. Also utilizations of healthcare among different income classes are even. However Korea healthcare system faced with several challenges, in terms of the an aging population and a rise in chronic disease problem, new threats of communicable disease due to globalization, the rapid increase of healthcare expenditure and high financial burden of patients even though they are insured. To cope with these challenges, we need reconsider the healthcare system as followings; to set up ideology of healthcare as normative public goods, to rebuild paradigm of healthcare for 21 century, to reform public health for strengthening health promotion, to develop new method for healthcare management including quality improvement and consumer responsiveness, to build new governance for health and to view new perspective on healthcare as a kind of industry.

P6.071 Projects for Strengthen Civil Society’s Actions Related to the STD/HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Epidemic

BackgroundSince 1999, the Brazilian STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Program has funded Civil Society projects selected through public calls for proposals for strengthening health promotion campaigns. The priority populations are...

Stimulating innovative research in health promotion

The Global Working Group on Health Promotion Research (GWG HPR) of the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) presents a collection of four articles illustrating innovative avenues for health promotion research. This commentary synthesizes the contributions of these articles while attempting to define the contours of research in health promotion. We propose that innovation in research involves the adoption of a reflexive approach wherein consideration of context plays different roles. The reflexive process consists of questioning what is taken for granted in the conceptualization and operationalization of research. It involves linking research findings and its theoretical foundations to characteristics and goals of the field and observed realities, while orienting reflection on specific objects. The reflexive nature of the research activity is of paramount importance for innovation in health promotion. With the publication of this series, the GWG HPR wishes to strengthen health promotion research capacity at the global level and reaffirm health promotion as a specific research domain.

Effective Communication is Essential to Being with Woman: Midwifery Strategies to Strengthen Health Education and Promotion

Journal of Midwifery & Women's HealthVolume 58, Issue 3 p. 247-248 Editorial Effective Communication is Essential to Being with Woman: Midwifery Strategies to Strengthen Health Education and Promotion Patricia Aikins Murphy CNM, DrPH, FACNM, Patricia Aikins Murphy CNM, DrPH, FACNM Deputy EditorSearch for more papers by this authorTekoa L. King CNM, MPH, FACNM, Tekoa L. King CNM, MPH, FACNM Deputy EditorSearch for more papers by this author Patricia Aikins Murphy CNM, DrPH, FACNM, Patricia Aikins Murphy CNM, DrPH, FACNM Deputy EditorSearch for more papers by this authorTekoa L. King CNM, MPH, FACNM, Tekoa L. King CNM, MPH, FACNM Deputy EditorSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 June 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12080Citations: 4Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume58, Issue3May/June 2013Pages 247-248 ACNM Members ACNM Members: Click here to log in RelatedInformation

The nursing care system from a Luhmannian perspective

to investigate the socially-relevant communication of the nursing system from the Luhmannian perspective. the investigation process was based in grounded theory. The data was collected between February and September 2011, through interviews carried out with nurses and student nurses at a university in the South of Brazil. The central phenomenon--recognizing nursing care as an all-embracing interactive and associative phenomenon--resulted from the inter-weaving of three categories: learning the context of care as a whole, organizing the environment for the other professionals, and visibilizing interactive and associative care. investing in a socially relevant communication for nursing entails developing a code for functional differentiation, which may strengthen health promotion and healthy living for individuals, families and communities.

Consumo e comportamento alimentar entre adolescentes brasileiros: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE), 2009

The objective of this article is to describe the characteristics of food consumption and eating behavior of adolescents and its association with socio-demographic factors. In 2009, a random sample of students in 9th grade of elementary education at public and private schools from 26 Brazilian state capitals and Federal District was studied. It was applied a self-administered questionnaire with socio-demographic attributes, food consumption and eating behavior, among others. Estimates of the constructed indicators were presented for the total population and by sex. The association of each indicator with socio-demographic variables was examined by logistic regression. The results showed that over half of adolescents presented frequent consumption of beans (62.6%), milk (53.6%) and sweets (50.9%), and held at least lunch or dinner with the mother or responsible (62.6%) and watching television or studying (50.9%). In general, girls were more exposed to undesirable eating habits and higher socioeconomic status was associated with a higher prevalence of the indicators studied. The results revealed regular consumption of unhealthy diet markers and consumption of less than the recommended for a healthy diet, pointing the need for strengthening health promotion activities targeting young people.

Breast self examination and breast cancer: Knowledge and practice among female medical students in a Kenyan university

Background: Medical students play an important role in creating a supportive environment within their communities for screening behaviours in health promotion. Medical students must possess the appropriate knowledge concerning breast self examination (BSE) and breast cancer to be effective health educators. objective: To investigate the level of knowledge concerning BSE and breast cancer and to evaluate the practice of BSE among female medical students. Materials and methods: A crosssectional descriptive study conducted between March and June 2008 involving female students drawn from schools within the College of Health sciences, University of Nairobi. The questionnaires contained items on the biodata, knowledge and practice of BSE and knowledge on breast cancer. Responses on awareness on breast cancer were weighed using a 3-point Likert’s scale. Results: A total of 169 respondents were interviewed. Majority (94.6%) had heard about BSE with 114 (69.9%) having ever practiced it. Less than 20% of the respondents performed BSE regularly. There were no significant differences between clinical and preclinical students. Mass media was the most common source of information (45.2%). Relatives an formal lectures formed the least (7%) source of information for the respondents. Significant interschool differences on knowledge and practice are presented. Conclusion: Despite being aware, a significant proportion of female medical students do not practice BSE. Information dissemination regarding breast health is underprovided among family members. Recommendation: Programs targeting improved propagation of information and BSE especially among medical trainees should be instituted so as to strengthen health promotion in the community. Key words: Breast self examination, breast cancer, female medical students