Strengthen Food Security Research Articles

Catching the Green—Diversity of Ruderal Spring Plants Traditionally Consumed in Bulgaria and Their Potential Benefit for Human Health

The global climate and societal challenges in the recent years urge us to strengthen food security; thus, the rediscovery of wild foods and foraging practices is also part of the sustainability agenda. Utilization of underappreciated sources such as ruderal plants could be a valuable option, especially for vulnerable parts of the society. We present data on traditional knowledge on spring edible ruderal plant taxa preserved in rural regions of Bulgaria, combining field studies in the period 2017–2022 that were compared to the available recent and historical ethnographic and (ethno)botanical literature. Semi-structured interviews were performed with representatives of 94 households in North and South Bulgaria, focusing on collection practices, used parts, and preparation methods. We list 65 edible ruderals, belonging to 22 plant families, of which 19 appeared only in the literature sources. Unlike in the Mediterranean tradition, edible ruderal plants in Bulgaria were regarded unfavorably, as poverty food. Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae were the most represented families, with 10 taxa each. About half of the taxa were collected for their leaves or whole young herbage that is used as pastry fillings, in stewed, and in cooked dishes. Taxa used in raw salads were mostly from the literature sources. The most diverse utilization was recorded in the southern-most regions of Bulgaria, where immediate tasting of the gathered plants was reported by the participants as the way to collect food plants. The bitter ones or those with an unappealing smell were considered non-edible and were avoided. References about biologically active compounds and potential benefits were collected, classified, and discussed in regard to their potential benefits for human health.

UNDERSTANDING PADDY PRODUCTIVITY AT MADA ESTATE FROM A SYSTEM DYNAMICS PERSPECTIVE: A MAPPING TOOL OF CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM

The Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) paddy estate project represents Malaysia’s national effort to enhance food security. However, the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) by Malaysia falls short of attaining the 10 MT/Ha paddy productivity potential. Amidst rising food insecurity, national efforts have focused on improving the efficiency of domestic productivity, this study specifically assessed factors influencing paddy productivity under the MADA estate project. Against the econometric technique, the causal loop diagram (CLD) in the system dynamics (SD) approach was used to analyse the systemic character of productivity and its drivers. The systemic relationship was explored using expert interviews and an extensive literature reviews. Findings established four major sub-systems of the rice value chain. These include paddy production, rice production, government subsidy and self-sufficiency level. The loop polarity feature was used to establish the causal relationships and directions of causality between the sub-systems. This study contributes directly to EPP10 and EPP11 of the ETP. As a result, it supports Malaysia’s effort towards strengthening food security and self-sufficiency.

English

Wild fruits contribute significantly to food security, thus becoming an important global discussion. This study evaluated the physicochemical and nutritional properties of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels fruits from two microclimates in Kenya as essential contributors to the human diet. Analysis was done using standard methodologies including the use of inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometer for elemental analysis and high-pressure liquid chromatography for the determination of Vitamin C. The T-test showed significant differences in the fruit breadth, pH, total ash, sodium, calcium, manganese, copper, and zinc. The Pearson correlation matrix showed a small positive association between total soluble solids and titratable acidity with altitude, a medium positive correlation with rainfall, and a strong positive correlation between sunshine and skin colour intensity. Larger fruits contained substantial amounts of protein and crude fiber with a significant increase in energy values in fruits with high crude fat and carbohydrates, all correlating positively with the microclimate conditions; altitude, and rainfall. This study exemplifies the potential of Syzygium cumini as an alternative feed supplement to strengthen food security. It provides information on the variation of the physicochemical and nutritional composition of the fruits with climatic conditions, for the industries to employ the best strategies in obtaining marketable products. Key words: Food security, fruit quality, microclimate, nutritional, physicochemical, Syzygium cumini

Agricultural Modernization Communication Network in the City of Serang Banten Indonesia

The population density in Serang town has a control the narrowing agricultural. This was the start the concept of slim land farming as food security. the ladies Farmers cluster (KWT) is an alternate thanks to strengthen food security, particularly throughout the Covid-19 amount that occurred in 2020. This analysis can describe the method of its formation through communication actions. 1) however did KWT Annisa amendment ancient farming designs into fashionable ones?; 2) what's role individual vocals in farmer groups?. The idea of communication is that the basis for knowing act of communication. Case studies square measure used as a technique during this analysis. Interviews, observations, and agricultural land information from the Central Statistics Banten became the sources for this analysis. The ultimate analysis shows the results of vocal opinion leaders being the middle that's ready to encourage the utilization of slim land.

INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN SUPPORTING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY IN BANGLADESH

This study examines the contribution of information systems to facilitate agricultural development and enhance food security in Bangladesh, utilizing a qualitative methodology. The study explores information system adoption among farmers and agricultural stakeholders, assesses their impact, identifies challenges, and highlights opportunities for further integration. The research technique encompassed an extensive examination of existing literature, as well as the administration of in-depth interviews. Data was collected from a total of 50 participants, including farmers, agricultural extension workers, and professionals in the fields of agriculture and information systems. The process of analyzing qualitative data involved many procedures such as transcribing, coding, and categorization, which were employed to identify significant themes and patterns. The results indicate that a considerable proportion of participants make use of information systems, namely mobile applications, for activities such as weather prediction, monitoring market prices, and managing crops. Users have reported concrete advantages, such as stronger decision-making capabilities, improved crop management techniques, and increased yields. Nevertheless, certain obstacles were recognized, such as linguistic difficulties, restricted technological availability, infrastructure constraints, and apprehensions over data security. Participants emphasized the unexplored potential for information systems in the fields of pest and disease management, soil health monitoring, and precision agriculture. Although the study’s qualitative character may restrict the applicability of its findings, the survey and interview results may be influenced by potential self-reporting and recall bias. However, the practical implications of the study are significant. Participants proposed many solutions to address these difficulties, such as providing training and enhancing capabilities, subsidizing access to technology, developing user-friendly interfaces in local languages, and prioritizing data privacy and security. Tackling these difficulties has important societal consequences, since it is crucial for guaranteeing fair and equal access to information systems, boosting agricultural efficiency, and strengthening food security, especially in regions that lack adequate resources. The study provides novel and significant insights that are of great importance to policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working in the subject of agriculture and information systems in Bangladesh.

Food Security and Welfare of Red Rice Farmers on Dry Land in Ponjong District, Gunungkidul Regency

Cultivating red rice in Gunungkidul Regency’s dry lands is seen as a promising means to alleviate poverty, primarily due to its higher market value, which can fulfill the basic needs of farming households, ensure food security, and enhance their overall well-being. This study specifically evaluates the food security and welfare of dryland red rice farmers in the Ponjong District of Gunungkidul Regency. A sample of 200 farmers was selected using Systematic Random Sampling, with a specific emphasis on the Share of Food Expenditure and the Sajogyo Indicator for analysis. The results reveal significant food security disparities; the southern zone has slightly higher food insecurity (HFES 50.6%). To enhance well-being, policy efforts should prioritize boosting red rice income, strengthening food security, and reducing welfare disparities in all zones, as indicated by various analyses, including GSR (Good Service Ratio), FER (Exchange Rate Analysis of Farmer Income), and the Sajogyo indicator. While none of the zones are categorized as prosperous by GSR, FER designates the southern and northern zones as prosperous, and the Sajogyo indicator classifies all zones as moderately viable, with the central zone showing the most potential for improvement.

Expanding Access: Opportunity to Strengthen Food Security during the Covid-19 Pandemic (A Study on the Poor in Tamansari District, Tasikmalaya City)

Expanding Access: Opportunity to Strengthen Food Security during the Covid-19 Pandemic (A Study on the Poor in Tamansari District, Tasikmalaya City)

Processo formativo a distância em Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional na Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa: construindo práticas educativas

Abstract Formative processes to strengthen Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) are demanded by the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP). Our objective was to describe and analyze the educational practices developed by teachers, aiming to reflect and propose adjustments to improve the distance formative process in FSN in the CPLP context (Brazil, Cape Verde, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe). This is applied research, with a qualitative approach and a descriptive and explanatory nature, using video classes as study material, mainly based on Discursive Textual Analysis. The proposal indicates that courses of the same nature require: teacher education; recognition of students’ knowledge; insertion of dialogue in the video lessons; offering local activities capable of generating an understanding of the reality; creation of a sequence for the elaboration of the undergraduate thesis (UT); and writing UTs aimed at transforming reality.

Pengelolaan Desa Wisata Berbasis Masyarakat sebagai Penguatan Ketahanan Pangan

The availability of food supplies as a form of readiness to meet the needs of the population is critical to avoid prolonged political and social turmoil. In situations like this, Indonesia can take a role in efforts to build a sustainable food system that is resilient to future shocks and contribute to achieving the second goal of SDGs 2030, namely zero hunger. National food security is predicted to be more guaranteed through the tourism sector. This study aims to identify the role of rural tourism as a key actor in realizing sustainable development through food security. The method used in this study is a literature review, namely a study of research articles on the subject of strengthening food security through rural tourism. The results showed that several Indonesian tourist villages were provided with assistance in maximizing land management so that it would be beneficial for maintaining the stability of household-scale food security. Tourism villages as owners of agricultural and fishery land assets have enormous power to introduce local food resources to visitors and tourists. Tourism villages also have a crucial role as actors in maintaining and succeeding in the success of global food security.

It’s time for reimagining the future of food security in sub–Saharan Africa: Gender-Smallholder Agriculture-Climate Change nexus

There is an ongoing debate regarding how to feed Sub-Saharan Africa's fast rising population in the long run, as well as the implications for food security. To maintain food security, various strategies have been recommended, including a focus on the significance of diversifying and improving people's diets. Proposals have been tabled elsewhere with a primary focus on enhancing agricultural inputs and technology adoption in order to increase agricultural production and productivity, hence strengthening food security. The current opinion piece attempts to contribute to this debate by examining smallholder agriculture and its role to African food security. This discussion proposes a future paradigm shift toward a gendered climate-smart smallholder agriculture and food production and security conceptual framework based on the promotion and development of smallholder agriculture and food production and security. Therefore, it's predicated that the micro-livestock-centered approach can remodel smallholder agrarian households and communities toward a gender-inclusive global climate change adaptive smallholder agriculture to strengthen production, supply, and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. For Africa, today’s predicament is to ensure food security for the anticipated rapid population expansion, while on the other hand handling an overall net adverse effect of worldwide global climate change, and increased socio-economic ills associated with gender inequality in smallholder agriculture and ensuring long-term agriculture sustainable development. The failure to address gender inequality in smallholder agriculture and food production and pontificate of global climate change effect has thrown Sub-Saharan Africa into a state of perpetual food scarcity and insecurity because of low agricultural productivity and food supply, and by force of circumstances exposing the agricultural communities and its people to extreme poverty and nutrition and food insecurity. Therefore, it's predicated that the micro-livestock-centered approach can remodel smallholder agrarian households and communities toward a gender-inclusive global climate change adaptive smallholder agriculture to strengthen production, supply, and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. For this purpose, this discussion proposes a future paradigm shift towards a gendered climate-smart smallholder agriculture and food production and security conceptual framework hinged on the promotion and development of the micro-livestock and/or unconventional animal species sub-sector to strengthen food security on the continent. Overall, the discussion emphasizes the importance of taking immediate action to alleviate the negative effects of climate change and address gender inequality through promotion of micro livestock to assist in the development of long-term adaptation measures to maintain smallholder agricultural productivity.

The impact of village-owned enterprises (BUMDES) in strengthening food security in Merauke Regency

Eastern Indonesia region, especially Merauke Regency, has a variety of land, agricultural, aquatic, fauna and flora resources that can be found in this region. However, this potential has not been widely developed so that its contribution to national development is still far from optimal. By looking at the potential of the village as well as the need to improve the economy, a new approach that was launched was Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES). The purpose of this study was to determine the role of BUMDES in efforts to strengthen food security and identify problems and obstacles faced in the field. This type of research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire sheet. The results of the study conclude that BUMDES has not had a positive impact on strengthening food security. Consistent and continuous assistance and training are needed to optimize community involvement so that BUMDES can play a positive role in food security.

Empowerment of Posyandu Cadres in Detecting and Preventing Stunting

Medan City is one of the North Sumatra areas with stunting problems. Pulo Brayan Kota, West Medan District, is included in the ten villages with the highest stunting cases. Strengthening integrated service posts by improving cadres’ skills is essential to monitoring toddlers’ growth every month. This research was carried out at the same time as community service, which was carried out from June to August 2021. The activity began with a preliminary survey, training for 12 cadres of integrated service posts, and conducting food security training for 40 Family Cards. Cadre training is carried out by presenting and practicing measuring the height of toddlers with a pacemaker and recording the measurement results on the Towards Health Card. Food security activities are carried out by submitting and practicing catfish farming in buckets and growing vegetables vertically using bottles. The results obtained include improving the skills of Integrated Service Post cadres in measuring the height of toddlers and the community to be skilled in catfish farming and growing vegetables vertically, the results of which can be used to strengthen food security in households to reduce the growth rate of stunting.

Cost-benefit analysis of Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags for maize storage among smallholder farmers in northwest Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, post-harvest losses caused by insects are a major challenge in crop production systems. Dried maize is particularly susceptible to insects during storage. Storage loss affects the livelihoods of small-scale farmers leading to food insecurity and loss of income. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the cost-benefit analysis of Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags on maize storage in Northwest Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data was collected from 392 randomly selected households from both users and non-users of PICS bags, using stratified sampling technique. A structured questionnaire, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, individual in-depth interviews, and field observations were used to gather the data. A cost-benefit analysis was computed to evaluate the viability of PICS bags for maize storage. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors that affect the use of PICS bags. Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test and chi-square test) were employed to analyze the data. The benefit-to-cost ratios (BCRs) of insecticide with both ordinary and PICS bags were greater than one, but PICS bags resulted in more than two-fold higher values as compared to insecticide with ordinary bags. The net present value (NPV) at 15% discount rate in 2018 was 20.73 USD and 25.35 USD per 100 kilograms of stored maize when insecticide was applied to ordinary and PICS bags, respectively. Sensitivity analysis with a 10% cost increment and up to 50% price discount showed that both technologies would still be viable for maize storage. However, PICS bags had higher NPV and BCR; making the technology more viable than insecticide with ordinary bags. The results of binary logit model indicated that educational level, gender, awareness, training, accessibility of the technology, perception of the technology, involvement in leadership activities in the community, and total income of the household positively influenced farmers’ decisions to use PICS bags, whereas price negatively affected the use of the PICS bags. PICS bags had clear economic advantage over insecticide with ordinary bags for maize storage in Northwest Ethiopia. Efforts should be made to disseminate and improve access to PICS bags for strengthening food security and increasing incomes of maize farmers in Northwest Ethiopia. Key words: Hermetic bag, smallholder farmers, profitability, post-harvest management, food security

Application of CRISPR/Cas system in cereal improvement for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.

Application of the recently developed CRISPR/Cas toolsmight help enhance cereals' growth and yield under biotic and abiotic stresses. Cereals are the most important food crops for human life and an essential source of nutrients for people in developed and developing countries. The growth and yield of all major cereals are affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses. To date, molecular breeding and functional genomic studies have contributed to the understanding and improving cereals' growth and yield under biotic and abiotic stresses. Clustered, regularly inter-spaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has been predicted to play a major role in precision plant breeding and developing non-transgenic cereals that can tolerate adverse effects of climate change. Variants of next-generation CRISPR/Cas tools, such as prime editor, base editor, CRISPR activator and repressor, chromatin imager, Cas12a, and Cas12b, are currently used in various fields, including plant science. However, few studies have been reported on applying the CRISPR/Cas system to understand the mechanism of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in cereals. Rice is the only plant used frequently for such studies. Genes responsible for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance have not yet been studied by CRISPR/Cas system in other major cereals (sorghum, barley, maize and small millets). Examining the role of genes that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses using the CRISPR/Cas system may help enhance cereals' growth and yield under biotic and abiotic stresses. It will help to develop new and improved cultivars with biotic- and abiotic-tolerant traits for better yields to strengthen food security. This review provides information for cereal researchers on the current status of the CRISPR/Cas system for improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in cereals.

Smart farming and artificial intelligence in East Africa: Addressing indigeneity, plants, and gender

Precision agriculture, including the deployment of robotic farm workers, artificial intelligence (AI) driven equipment, and corresponding “smart” systems, is being enthusiastically lauded for improving crop yields, strengthening food security, generating economic growth, and combating poverty. Techno-optimism has captured the imagination of media, industry, and governments alike. Simultaneously, researchers in the computer science and machine learning spaces have begun cataloguing potential harms that arise from information technologies that are shaped by bias, discrimination, and Western hierarchies of power. While precision agriculture and smart farming technologies may provide some opportunities for East African smallholder women farmers, they may also emerge as a new—yet familiar—system of appropriation and control over their labor and knowledge. Concurrently, there is a need to address how such technologies continue to reinforce plants as mere objects to be optimized and managed, rather than “smart” beings with their own material forces and ways of knowing that shape our worlds. This article considers how precision agriculture and smart farming are potentially managing, surveilling, and optimizing both women farmers and plants in ways that reinforce hierarchies and disregard Indigenous ways of knowing and being. It models a decolonial mode of deliberation toward governing smart farming and related artificially intelligent technologies in more meaningful and inclusive ways.

The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on EU Food Security

The challenges and dangers posed by the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine have provoked major international issues. Among them, food security in the countries of the European Union has become particularly acute. The aim of the study is to identify the theoretical and applied aspects of the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on food security in the European Union. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and special methods of economic analysis, in particular: observation and system analysis; historical-logical; statistical analysis and comparison; functional-system approach; analysis and synthesis; cluster analysis; generalization and systematization; graphic. According to the results of the study, it has been established that ensuring food security in the European Union includes unhindered access to food, ensuring quality, environmental friendliness and safety of goods. The Russian-Ukrainian war has been proven to have a major impact on food security in the European Union, as evidenced by the significant decline in the Global Food Security Index. It is revealed that highly developed countries, in particular: Austria (GFSI: 73–82), Ireland (GFSI: 78–84), Belgium (GFSI: 74–81), The Netherlands (GFSI: 78–82), Finland (GFSI: 75–85), France (GFSI: 75–80), Germany (GFSI: 77–82) and Denmark (GFSI: 75–81) are able to ensure a higher level of food security than countries with lower socio-economic development: Bulgaria (GFSI: 66-71), Romania (GFSI: 67-74), Hungary (GFSI: 69-73) and Slovakia (GFSI: 67-69). The main directions of strengthening food security in the European Union countries have been proposed: strengthening financial support to the agro-industrial complex of EU member states, ensuring the stable functioning of the EU food market, providing financial support to Ukraine for the recovery of the agro-industrial complex.

Which Food Outlets Are Important for Nutrient-Dense-Porridge-Flour Access by the Base-of-the-Pyramid Consumers? Evidence from the Informal Kenyan Settlements

Many Kenyan base-of-the-pyramid (BoP) consumers—defined as the poorest two-thirds of the economic human pyramid—remain food insecure, despite the availability of nutrient-dense foods in the market. This study reveals how effective marketing strategies can strengthen food security among BoP consumers through increased access to nutritious foods such as nutrient-dense porridge flour. Nutrient-dense porridge flour refers to a multi-composite porridge flour composed of diverse nutritious ingredients that are necessary to achieve a healthy diet. The main objective of the study was to determine the most effective channel for making nutrient-dense porridge flour available to BoP consumers. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in Kawangware, Nairobi County, using a multistage sampling design and a sample size of 603, via structured questionnaires. A multivariate Probit (MV-Probit) model was used to analyze the most effective channel for providing nutrient-dense flour to BoP consumers. The study results show that the most common outlets used to access this flour were supermarkets (51.08%), followed by cereal stores (25.54%). According to previous studies, using appropriate marketing strategies leads to increases in the uptake and consumption of nutritious products in informal urban settlements among developing countries. Consequently, policies and interventions targeting BoP consumption of nutritious products toward reducing food and nutrition insecurity in informal urban settlements should be based on appropriate marketing strategies that consider the institutional factors and significant household characteristics of the BoP communities.

Evaluation Of Strategies For Strengthening Food Security In Sengon Village, Regency As A Disaster-Resilient Village During The Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to assess Sengon Village's approach to food security during the Covid-19 Pandemic eradication period in Klaten Regency, which has led to significant food security issues in rural areas. When the Covid-19 pandemic first entered Sengon Village and continued to spread rapidly, researchers began working on a strategy to address the issue of food security. They also made attempts to approach the village government about empowering the locals. As a result, many victims in Sengon Village were exposed to Covid-19. Especially in food security, there is still weak supervision, primarily when the Emergency PPKM (Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities) is implemented. The research employs Participatory Action Research (PAR) with qualitative supporting data. Evaluation of this strategy is based on the strategies that have been implemented through programs starting from public awareness of food needs, the initial foundation for building food security in the village, to advocacy to the community for the policies of the Sengon village government itself, as well as evaluation of the mapping of sustainable actions. Post-research by analyzing village communities related to food security to food security institutions, one of which is the Women Farmers Group (KWT), to build and encourage an increase in food security in the village. The results of this study indicate that the evaluation of the food security strategy carried out by Destana (Disaster Resilient Village) was carried out very well by Sengon Village as one of the disaster-resilient villages in the Klaten district.

PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI GERAKAN MANDIRI PANGAN DI RT 5 RW I DESA PRAMBATAN LOR KABUPATEN KUDUS

The independent food movement has become a global issue. Fulfillment of food for every household is a goal as well as a target for food security in the region and nationally. This can be done from strengthening food security at the family level by realizing family food independence. Family food independence is carried out by utilizing the yard of the house. The problem occurs when the yard area is decreasing. The narrowness of the land resulted in the interest and attention of residents to continue the culture of utilizing the yard is decreasing and even being forgotten. To overcome this, a systemic and systematic strategy is needed to revive the culture. Re-actualization efforts are needed to revive the culture of planting in the yard. PkM activities aim to improve the socio-economic conditions of the residents by setting aside a little time and energy to cultivate the yard into a source of family food security. The activity was carried out in Prambatan Lor Village, Rt 05 Rw I, Kaliwungu sub-district, Kudus district. Stages of activity: 1) site survey/licensing, 2) theoretical training 3) practical training and 4) monitoring and evaluation. The results of the monitoring carried out showed that the vegetables were starting to grow, while the catfish were in the growth stage. The results of the interview partners felt happy to get new knowledge and were helped in using the yard as a sustainable food house.

Bio-Economy and Sustainable Agri-Food Value Chains: Involvement of Local Stakeholders through Contract Farming

Due to expanding middle-class populations’ increased awareness of food safety and quality as well as the high standards set by developed countries’ export markets, contract farming has a bright future. In many developing nations, contract farming has become more significant. Previous research examined the impact of contracts on the welfare of smallholder farmers, but they often did not take into account the variety of contractual arrangements. As a result, agrifood sustainability makes an effort to use acceptable farming methods’ potential for mitigation to lessen rather than exacerbate the environmental problem and climate change. Prior to now, the focus of policymakers has mostly been on the production end of the food chain. However, for food systems to be sustainable, they must also be productive, environmentally friendly, and provide equitable revenue distribution across the food chain. Whether the products are bought by governmental organizations, multinational corporations, smaller businesses, farmer cooperatives, or independent business owners, it is a factor that is becoming more and more significant in agribusiness. Sponsors must therefore assess how a replacement crop might also be introduced and take into account social attitudes before implementing new cropping practices. Contract farming is frequently seen as a crucial strategy for raising social welfare, strengthening food security, increasing food quality and productivity, and protecting the environment. It aids farmers in overcoming obstacles such lack of capital, insurance, good input availability, output markets, and managerial and technical skills. The majority of studies show that contract farming increases income. The influence of contract farming on farmers’ income, according to certain research findings, is either negligible or even detrimental. This study empirically examines the effects of local stakeholder participation in contract farming on income and farming challenges and theoretically hypothesizes the influencing mechanism.