Strength Of Bamboo Research Articles

Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) as an Eco-Friendly Sustainable Material: Optimising Mechanical Properties and Enhancing Load-Bearing Capacity for Environmental Architectural Design

This study will assess the utilisation of Bamboo (a Thai vernacular material) in the construction industry. Bamboo is a sustainable and environmentally friendly material which provides a suitable alternative to traditional construction materials. This research will examine its mechanical strength properties as determined by a review of the existing literature and an examination of the bearing area variations of bamboo nodes. The research data and ensuing experiments facilitated the simulation of the load-bearing capacities of bamboo columnar and beam structures via optimisation. Additionally, this study examined the limitations of bamboo-based structures. The assimilation of mechanical property data and bamboo strength was imperative for the production of load-bearing simulations for bamboo columns and beams within ANSYS software. In many countries, bamboo is a commonly employed construction material because of the many benefits it provides such as its rapid growth speed. The compressive strength tests conducted in this study revealed that the middle nodes could withstand up to 64.9 kN, which was the highest value amongs the three samples tested. These findings will contribute to ongoing optimisation and research regarding the damage mechanisms affecting column and beam structures under load. Notably, this damage was prevalent at the junctures of column and beam interfaces. The intention is to conduct additional research that will enhance the current understanding and ensure the sustainability of bamboo as an architectural building material.

Compression and tension forces in bamboo truss with curved model

Enhancing the strength performance of bamboo truss. This paper discusses the performance of a customize bamboo truss and emphasizing how stress forces interact under vertical loads. The customize truss with a span 4 meters and a height with 2 meters, comprises three components; the base, truss legs and bracing. At the base of the truss underneath, whole bamboo is utilized. In contrast, the bracing section employs curved stacks of split bamboo. The design variation allows for structural support while incorporating the flexibility and strength of bamboo in different parts of the truss. It’s essential to ensure the structural integrity and load-bearing capacity in bamboo trusses. The aim of this study to investigate how the customize truss respond to the stress forces, focusing on the ability to withstand vertical loads. This research collecting data by using a quantitative methods after customizing a unique model of bamboo truss with curved stacks then conducting an experiment under hydraulic test. As a result the curved stacks model in the customize truss successes to withstand 4.78 KN vertical load.

Study on Growth Pattern of Capsicum in Greenhouse

Abstract: Polyhouse is a specialized structure that provides a controlled climate condition for the growth of different plants and other crops. It is a major innovation supported by state governments by providing subsidies for establishing the structure. Polyhouse farming requires less water, fertilizer, and pesticides, and provides a higher yield compared to traditional farming methods. The use of polyhouses is not limited to growing flowers, vegetables, and fruits, but also for developing new techniques for agriculture. The material which is used in this construction is bamboo which is very cheaper comparing to other construction material and easily available, and the strength of bamboo is excellent, it also provides a protected environment for crops from adverse climatic conditions like heavy rainfall. For this protective structure government is also providing subsidy up to 50% for the construction of Greenhouse & Shade net House. Apart from this, 20% additional subsidy is given to small, marginal, scheduled caste & scheduled tribe farmers i.e., 80% subsidy is payable to them. For small and marginal farmers this is a best option for growing different fruits and vegetables is different season.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Dan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Bambu Komposit Setempat

This study aims to determine the mechanical properties (compressive strength and shear strength) of bamboo filled with PET plastic and wood sawdust. Five variations of test objects were made, namely BK-0 (bamboo without filler as a control), BK-1 (bamboo filled with PET plastic), BK-2 (bamboo filled with PET plastic + adhesive coated), BK-3 (bamboo filled with PET plastic + powder wood saw), BK-4 (bamboo filled with PET plastic + wood sawdust and coated with adhesive). The test results give the value of the compressive strength of bamboo from BK-0 to BK-4 in a row of 22.7 MPa, 29.4 MPa, 32.7 MPa, 33.2 MPa, 35.7 MPa or an increase in the compressive strength of BK-0 in a row by 30%, 44%, 46%, and 57%. Meanwhile, the shear strength of bamboo from BK-0 to BK-4 is 4.55 MPa, 5.00 MPa, 5.05 MPa, 5.40 MPa, 5.50 MPa or an increase in shear strength to BK-0 is 10%, 11%, respectively. , 19%, and 21%.

Multiscale understanding in fracture resistance of bamboo skin

Bamboo has been widely used in construction for its high strength, lightweight, and low cost. It usually fails from the skin because of macroscopic fiber splitting. Previous research focused on the strength of bamboo at a structural scale without insight into its chemistry and microstructure of the skin and how they relate to its fracture. In this research, we combine multiscale computational modeling with experimental methods to characterize the distribution of silica particles within the bamboo skin and investigate their effect on fracture. We use a microscope to characterize the chemical and microscopic features of bamboo skin and notice silica particles generally distributed in bamboo skin and their pairwise distances follow a normal distribution. We use molecular dynamics simulations and finite element analysis to investigate the effect of silica particles and their unique distribution on the fracture of bamboo skin. It is noted that the silica forms a perfect bonding interface to cellulose fibers and the particles significantly increase the critical stress up to 6.28% than pure cellulose matrix for cracks that randomly occur. We find that such an enhancement in critical stress against random cracks is only guaranteed by the distribution of silica particles in bamboo skin, as such an enhancement is not observed for other randomly assigned silica particles, suggesting that the silica distribution in bamboo skin is optimal for critical stress improvement for random cracks. This research output can inspire the development of more durable and sustainable bamboo products as well as innovative synthetic composite materials.

Improvement of Gravelly Silty Sand Reinforced with Biaxial Bamboo Geogrid

In this paper, performance of gravelly silty sand soil reinforced with geogrid are present and analyzed to improve the carrying capacity. For this, the geogrid was elaborated with a renewable material like bamboo with the same dimensions of polymer geogrids biaxial. This type of soil can be used for the construction of the sub-base and base of a pavement. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests was carried out to obtain the bearing capacity of the silty sand soil with and without bamboo geogrid. In addition, laboratory tests were carried out to obtain the mechanical properties of the bamboo. When comparing CBR results, an improvement in the bearing capacity was evidenced with the use of bamboo geogrid with a 20% increase in the carrying capacity. Finally, maximum tensile and bending strength of bamboo were 2000 kgf/cm2 and approximately 0.018 kgf/cm, respectively.

The Relation Tensile Strength And Flexibility Of Bamboo For Soil Stabilization

Bamboo is an abundant material and easily available in Indonesia. In addition to having high compressive strength and tensile strength as well as ease of obtaining and low prices, bamboo is a consideration and focus in developing in the world of construction today. In this study, bamboo is used for soil stabilization, where bamboo is used in the form of fibre. This research focuses on the strength properties of various types of bamboo. The focus is to investigate the relationship between the maximum tensile strength of bamboo and the flexibility of bamboo in soil stabilization. This is very important, because bamboo fibers used for soil stabilization rely on their tensile strength rather than their compressive strength. Thus, the optimum tensile strength and flexibility of bamboo must be of particular concern. From the results of the study of the tensile strength of two types of bamboo, namely Apus Bamboo and Java Bamboo, the Apus Bamboo results were found to have a higher tensile strength of 225.57 mpa with maximum flexibility of 19.99 mm and 43.76 mpa for tensile strength of Javanese Bamboo with a level of flexibility of 10.26 mm.

Workshop Pattern of Drawing on Novel, Repetation of Lines and Color, Strength of Bamboo's Flexibility

The purpose of writing 'The Patterns of Wayan Sujana Suklu's Art Workshop' is in an effort to bring the artistic arts that have been designed by the author into the midst of society. The tendency of today's society to want art activities as an effort to meet the needs of self-actualization, and to feel the art process. The forms of art workshops that are typical of the medium and applied aspects are important both practically and theoretically. Why is it necessary to write an art workshop, what are the forms and stages of the art workshop process, then the experience gained from the art workshop process, these three things become topics in writing. Supporting theories and concepts include Nicolas Bourriaud's Relational Aesthetics and the formal principles of art by De Witt H. Parker. In this paper, three patterns of art workshops are presented, namely: Line and Color Repetition, Drawing on Novel, Bamboo Flaxi and Strong.

Effects of node with discontinuous hierarchical fibers on the tensile fracture behaviors of natural bamboo

Bamboo is widely planted in the world and many species of bamboo are intensively used as sustainable bio-composite materials in the construction of houses, pavilions, furniture and bridges, etc. The bamboo nodes play an important role on natural bamboo's strength. This paper is focused on the structure-property-fracture relations of the natural Moso bamboo with node. The inner structures are characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which indicated that bamboo node has coarser fiber bundles, higher volumes of fibers and 3D woven hierarchical fibrous structures. Though the fibers on the out and inner skins of node are discontinuous, it has higher strength than internodes samples. There are three kinds of fracture behaviors within bamboo node during the tensile fracture process as detected by acoustic emission (AE), which are matrix (parenchyma cells) failure, fiber dissociation and fiber breakage. The AE results indicated bamboo node has much lower volumes of fracture behaviors, higher proportions of fiber dissociation and matrix failure due to its hierarchical fibrous woven structure. The strengthening effects within bamboo node are concluded as coarse fiber bundles, high volumes of fibers, fiber pull-out and crack deflections.

Application of Bamboo Plants in Nine Aspects.

Bamboo forests are undoubtedly one of the most abundant nontimber plants on Earth and cover a wide area of tropical and subtropical regions around the world. This amazing plant has unique rapid growth and can play an important role in protecting our planet from pollution and improving the soil. Bamboo can be used as a biofuel, food, and for architecture and construction applications and plays a large role in the local economy by creating job opportunities. The aim of this paper is to review the extraordinary tropical plant bamboo by explaining the mechanisms related to the growth and strength of bamboo and identifying ways to utilize bamboo in industry, employment, climate change mitigation, and soil erosion reduction.

Influence of assemble patterns on bonding strength of glued bamboo

As a kind of natural composite material, the outer side of bamboo was quite different from its inner side in microscopic structure and mechanical properties. In order to research the effect of these differences on bonding strength of glued bamboo, bamboo strips were bonded by three different forms: outer side to outer side, outer side to inner side and inner side to inner side. Shear strength results indicated that the bamboo sample glued by inner side to inner side has the greatest shear strength value, which is 18.35 MPa, and the other two types have similar shear strength values (approximately 14 MPa). In particular, for the sample glued by outer side to inner side, the broken part is always the outer side. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicated that bamboo fiber cells and parenchyma cells have different failure patterns in compression shear test. For bamboo fiber cells, dominant destruction occurred at the interface between the fibers. And for parenchyma cell, fracture occurred on cell wall and broken the parenchyma cell itself. The interface between bamboo fiber cells was very weak, thus parenchyma cell was the major contributor to shear strength of bamboo. The inner side had higher shear strength because it had higher content of parenchyma cells. The SEM image and shear strength curve also indicated that in the early period of shearing process, the deformed parenchyma cells are in a relax status, and until the later period of shearing process, the parenchyma cells begin to contribute to shear strength.

Use of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Tape to Increase the Strength of Bamboo

Poly vinyl chloride is suggested to use as confining material around bamboo to increase its strength. Investigation is done on PVC confined bamboo by performing tensile and compressive strength test. Then we compared the mechanical performance of unconfined bamboo and PVC confined bamboo. In this research bamboo is also tested for water absorption with and without PVC tape reinforcement. Later, on these grounds we also derived adhesive value of PVC tape, which can be used to find out length of tape required for any percent of increment in strength of bamboo. Preliminary results of tensile tests, compressive tests and water absorption test on bamboo (scientific name Bambusa vulgaris native name chadao bans or jad vala bans) are presented in this research. As bamboo confined in PVC is 27.25% more strong in tension and 77.19% more strong in compression than unconfined bamboo which depicts that bamboo confined with PVC tape can be a future alternative for steel in reinforced concrete.

Surface Structure of Epoxy Treated Semantan Bamboo (<i>Gigantochloa scortechinii</i>)

Bamboo is well known as the oldest structural material that possess unique anatomical structure and superior mechanical properties. It has become a subject of interest worldwide and research is being conducted for its structural applications including safety, durability and also mechanical properties. Many studies carried out previously indeed have shown superior strength of bamboo. Most of the research circulate on the mechanical properties improvement using chemical, plasma, enzyme, fungi and nanocellulose coating treatment. However, despite the conventional treatments’ advantages, but they are impractical, costly and it able to change the structure of the treated materials. This study aims to evaluate the morphological properties of untreated and treated of Semantan bamboo culm (Gigantochloa scortechinii) after subjected to a simple and cost-effective epoxy treatment. By using Alicona Infinite Focus 3D profilometer machine, the comparison between the untreated and treated surfaces of bamboo can be obtained under profile surface roughness test. Meanwhile, the depth formation of the treated surfaces also can be obtained by using the same machine under profile form management test. Next, optical microscope was used later to examine the epoxy matrix treatment formation of the untreated and treated bamboo surfaces. The result revealed that the application of epoxy treatment gave a better surface roughness and structure as it treat the bamboo strips and concurrently gave a thin layer of coating to the bamboo strips. The findings of this study suggest that epoxy treatment can be an effective and economical approach to treat natural fiber as it resulting in good surface structure which simultaneously increase the chemical and mechanical interlocking; thus, the bond between matrix and natural fiber become stronger.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CONNECTION SYSTEM OF WOODEN PLATE AND WOODEN CLAMP ON JOINT MODEL OF BAMBOO TRUSS STRUCTURES

The study of wooden plate bamboo connection system with the addition of wooden clamp was carried out taking into account the variety the angle of the stems at the joint. The loading was preceded through the application of compressive force at the joint’s member understudied up to reaching the maximum load and the connection was collapsed. It is known that the strength of bamboo not parallel to the direction of the fiber is lower than those parallel to fiber. Therefore, the strength of connection must be determined considering the strength of bamboo not parallel to the fiber direction. The experiment was carried out under static loading on the bamboo truss connections model with the various angle of connection stems of 0o, 30o and 45o toward bamboo fiber direction. From the test result, it was found that there is a decrease in the connection strength at stem angle of 30o and 45o for about 16,80% and 12,21%, respectively, compared to the strength of the stem angle of 0o. The test results also resulted the value of average elastic stiffness (Se) of the connection also indicates a decrease in the of elastic stiffness value (Se) of the connection for the stem’s angle 30o and 45o for about 42,62% and 82,95%, respectively, compared to stem angle of 0o. It can be concluded that there is a decrease in the strength and stiffness of the joints along with the increase in stem’s angle of the bamboo truss connection system using wooden plate and clamp.

Variasi Rajutan Bambu Petung Sebagai Pengganti Tulangan Baja Dari Kuat Lentur FS 4,7 MPA

In this globalization era, almost all buildings use concrete with steel reinforcement as the main component of building frames. it is known that the basic material for steel is iron ore, and iron ore is a non-renewable natural resource, while its supply in nature is increasingly limited. Therefore, the price of steel reinforcement also increased. therefore, there needs to be an alternative replacement of steel reinforcement in concrete. Bamboo has a fairly high tensile strength, between 100-400 MPa, almost equal to the tensile strength of steel reinforcement equivalent to ½ to ¼ of the ultimate stress of steel reinforcement shows the same results and tensile strength of bamboo can reach 1280 kg / cm2. Bamboo is used as reinforcement in concrete with knitted shapes and patterns. In this research, the flexural strength test of 15 concrete blocks measuring 15 X 15 X 60 Cm was carried out when the concrete age was 28 days with 3 different variables. The results showed that bamboo reinforced concrete beams had an average maximum flexural strength value of 7.20 MPa. So that the use of petung bamboo reinforcement has a positive effect and deserves to be used as an alternative to steel reinforcement.

Effects of Alkali Treatment and Strain Hardening on the Mechanical, Dye Uptake, and Structural Properties of Regenerated Cellulosic Yarns

ABSTRACT Mercerization is an important process applied to cellulosic fibers for improving the properties like dimensional stability, luster, and dye uptake. Strain hardening is a technology for strengthening materials by realigning of atoms in crystal lattice and is generally used in metallurgy and is being tried on yarns. In the present study, four types of regenerated cellulose fiber namely lyocell, modal bamboo, and viscose were subjected to swelling by alkali (4% NaOH) treatment and Strain hardening by stretching device with the objective of studying mechanical properties, structural properties, and dye uptake properties. It is observed that tenacity was lowered below that of corresponding controls due to alkali treatment in case of all the four yarns. The strain hardening immediately after the alkali treatment enhanced strength of Bamboo and Modal upto 125% and 105% of the corresponding control yarns, whereas it was only 98% and 85% strength of corresponding untreated yarns in the case of Lyocell and Viscose. The minimum twist of cohesion values of alkali treated – strain hardened yarns were lesser than that of control and this is indicative of increase in inter fiber cohesion. Interestingly there was a tremendous improvement in dye uptake property of all four regenerated cellulosic yarns. This paper reports the impact of alkali treatment followed by stretching on essential properties of regenerated cellulosic yarns.

Axial compressive behavior of Moso Bamboo and its components with respect to fiber-reinforced composite structure

Bamboo is a unique fiber-reinforced bio-composite with fibers embedded into a parenchyma cell matrix. We conducted axial compression tests on bamboo blocks prepared from bottom to top, and from inner to outer portions of the culm. The apparent Young’s modulus and compressive strength of whole thickness bamboo blocks exhibited slight increases with increasing height along the culm, due to slight increases of fiber volume fraction (Vf) from 28.4 to 30.4%. Other blocks showed a significant increase in apparent Young’s modulus and strength from the inner to outer part of the culm wall, mainly owing to a sharp increase of Vf from 17.1 to 59.8%. With a decrease of fiber fraction volume there was a transition from relatively brittle behavior to very ductile behavior in bamboo blocks. Results indicated that stiffness and strength of bamboo was primarily due to fiber in compression, and ductility of bamboo was provided by the parenchyma cell matrix acting as a natural fiber-reinforced composite.

Bamboo Conditions for Processing Bamboo Fiber with Combing Method

The bamboo fibre is a new kind of natural fibre from bamboo with machine method, and is in the frontier of bamboo timber processing, new composite and textile research field. The combing method is mainly one in processing bamboo fiber. The plasticity and strength of bamboo were required in processing bamboo fiber by machine method. The aim of this work is to explore changes of mechanical properties -lengthways tensile properties of bamboo after alkali treatment and focuses on a relation between lengthways tensile properties of alkali treated bamboo and the moisture content. Mechanism of plastic deformation of bamboo was initially revealed in this paper. Experiment shows that: above fibre saturation point, the lengthways tensile strength and elasticity modulus of bamboo decreased with increase of moisture content with 2.5%NaOH soaking for 24h, and bamboo plasticity is better when its moisture content is between 40% and 90%. According to the principle of bamboo fiber processing by combing, the moisture content of bamboo should be controlled from 50% to 70% after 24h soaked with 2.5%NaOH. Bamboo fiber processing test shows that the conclusion is correct.

Tensile Strength of Moso Bamboo Rhizome Affects Slope Stability

Recently bamboo forests unmanaged spread into steep slopes raising concern that such changes in vegetation might lead to slope destabilization. Thus knowledge on the tensile strength of bamboo rhizomes is needed for evaluating the effect of bamboo rhizomes on slope stability. However there are not many reports on the subject. In addition, because bamboo rhizomes and woody roots have different organization structures, these need to be tested for bamboo. This paper reports the tensile strength of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) rhizomes based on tensile tests considering their organization structure and on living rhizomes. Tensile strength was weaker in nodes than in internode of Moso bamboo, and structure observation revealed that, tensile strength decreased in areas where tissue fibers were discontinuous. The sectional area of the epidermal layer that affected tensile strength was directly proportional to cross sectional area. Because according to aprevious report rhizome diameter was smaller in unmanaged than in managed bamboo forests, so unmanaged bamboo forests might reduce slope stability.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Bambu Sebagai Pengganti Agregat Split terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton Ringan

The use of bamboo as an aggregate replacement is one of the efforts to reduce the density and static load of structural elements, sincethe structural strength of bamboo is high. This study focus on the issue of the using bamboo as aggregate concrete with flowing method on a review of specific gravity and compressive strength of the concrete. This study uses bamboo as a percentage of the aggregate at 0% (normal), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the conventional split and using additional silicafume aggregates. Specimens used in this study is the concrete cylinder (diameter 15 cm and height 30 cm). The identification and testing of tap density after 14 days of treatment.Results show that using more bamboo aggregate will result lower slump value, higher water absorption, decreasing in both specific gravity and compressive strength.