Marketplace Research Articles

Multinomial Logit Modeling of Financial Inclusion and Financial Literacy of Women MSMEs in Tangerang

This research will examine the determinants of financial literacy and inclusion using sociodemographic variables of women MSMEs in Tangerang. The sociodemographic variables used are education, age, length of business, turnover, source of financing, type of savings, type of credit, credit ceiling, financial literacy score (OJK) and financial inclusion score (OJK). In Indonesia, there has been a lot of research on socio-demographic factors as determinants of financial literacy with mixed and unsatisfactory results, making it less reliable as a research reference. Some of the errors in previous research were that the respondents were not precise enough, for example only students or MSMEs at random. These two things result in the results of entering sociodemographic data being less reliable and ineffective when tested with categorical equation models from the simplest, namely logit, probit and tobit as well as binary logistic to the most complex models such as multinomial logit. Logit, probit and tobit and binary logistics models generally only use two categories of dependent variables, namely 0 if there is no decision or certain condition and 1 if there is a certain decision or condition. Preliminary research data before the Covid 19 pandemic, namely 150 women MSMEs who had unique characteristics in terms of socio-demographic factors as well as levels of literacy and financial inclusion, can be tried to prove empirically that these three variables will play an important role in each other through the multinomial logit categorical equation model according to Bayar et research procedures. al. (2020). The important result to be achieved is that the researcher wants to prove the business potential of women MSME actors in Tangerang, which so far has not been exposed enough to BI UMKM as one of the common market places for all MSME actors in Indonesia. There is a stigma that the low literacy and financial inclusion (OJK) scores of MSME players are a negative effect of less exposure to the business potential of MSME players in the local area. The results of this research succeeded in describing the socio-demographic profile of female MSMEs in Tangerang with several distinctive characteristics, namely the predominance of those with a productive age of 40 - 55 years, the majority having a tertiary education; have a turnover of more than 10-25 million per month and most of them use access to bank and non-bank financial institutions, usually pawnshops, for storage purposes and credit applications. Furthermore, this research succeeded in proposing a categorical equation model with multinomial logistic regression using STATA 13.0 software referring to the research model from Bayar et.al. (2020) and managed to find that socio-demographic variables of financial institutions are always a determining factor in financial inclusion and literacy. The implication is that individual women MSME actors in Tangerang can make financial decisions more quickly considering that they are so close to access to existing financial institutions.

“Be ready to pay because others are paying”: contested solid waste management transitions and charges in Accra’s open-air markets

ABSTRACT Approaches to solid waste management (SWM) in African cities have gone through various phases. Each phase is shaped by a range of factors, including population growth, urbanisation, government policies and political willingness to invest in SWM infrastructure as well as SWM services. In the Ghanaian context, the latter factor is said to be subject to public perceptions of SWM as a welfare service and hence the reluctance of people to pay for SWM services even though “others” are paying. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate how approaches to SWM in Ghana have transitioned over time and its consequences on willingness to pay for SWM services in the Kaneshie, Madina and Kantamanto open-air markets in Accra. Based on the study findings and the vital role that open-air markets (OAMs) play in African cities, a system of standardising SWM fees is recommended for SWM service providers in both formal and informal sectors.

Analyzing the impacts on passenger yield of incumbent companies after the entry of a new company into the aviation market: The case of Brazil

The public air transport market is generally oligopolistic, meaning that the market strategies of some companies can influence the decisions of rivals and impact consumer prices. This sector has been marked by a large flow of airline entries and exits. Considering this scenario, the objective of this work is to evaluate how the revenue from airline tickets of incumbent companies in the national aviation market in Brazil was impacted after the entry of a new company. A fixed-effects Difference-in-Differences model (DID) using a feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) estimator with panel data is used to assess this impact. To assess the impact of the entrant on yield dispersion, we apply the regression equation to P90 and P10 of the distribution. We also applied the equation, considering the Gini coefficient as the dependent variable. The results showed that the average income of incumbent companies reduced by an estimated magnitude of 5.9% in the period after the new company entered the market. Our findings also indicate an increase in distribution dispersion in the period following market entry, with a more pronounced reduction of 19% in the P10 and 1.5% in the P90. We conclude that the entry of the new company was readily assimilated by the incumbents, so that the competitive effect can explain the identified reduction in average income. The entry of a new competitor was especially beneficial to consumers in the lower tail of the distribution.

Challenges of Street Vending Market in Urbanization from Gender Perspective: The Case of Nifas Silk Lafto Sub City, Jemo-01 Area, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Street vending is informal market. There are debates about street vendors, some argue that they cause problems in urbanization activities like pedestrian & traffic congestion, pollution, crime, illegality and should be eliminated and other argue that they are essential for promoting urban economic activities and reduce unemployment. The aim of this study is to identify the main driving causes and challenges of street vending in Nifas Silk Lafto sub-city, Jemo- 01 Site from gender perspectives. Quantitative data collected from 216 questionnaires and qualitative data obtained from 36 key informants and in-depth interviewee. The quantitative data analyzed using, percentage frequency, correlation, Chi-square & Mann-Whitney U test and qualitative data processed using thematic analysis. The result indicate that the driving cause for street vending are, high family poverty (P, 0.001) and easy to enter (P, 0.001) to street vending are more significant in male than female. However, lack of other job option (P, 0.001) is more significant in female. Regarding the consequence of street vending market, traffic congestion and car accident (P, 0.004), encourage illegality (p, 0.003) were the major significant negative consequence of street vending market. Whereas street vending support economic activities and mobilize work force is the positive consequence that the p, 0.034 < 0.05 at 95%. Regarding challenge of vending market, the result found that great challenge for female than male (P, 0.002), according to qualitative analysis, theft, physical harassment, confiscation of goods, health problem were major challenge. In conclusion, street vending market has both negative and positive consequence in urbanization process and different root cause for both male and female.

Appraisement and categorization of compostable and non-compostable plastic bags using HHXRF spectrophotometer, A study on brands in Islamabad

Plastic bags are polymers usually composed of polypropylene, polyethylene and polystyrene. Rapid development in the industrial sector manufacturing plastic bags is imposing tremendous side effects on human health and the environment. Conventional plastic bags are made from recycled or first use, but authorities restricted lightweight plastic bags (thickness of <50μm) with compostable material. This study examines the degradation of plastic bags collected from the markets of different sectors of Islamabad. Many samples (~100) were gathered from the public market. Using a Hands Held X-Ray Fluorescent (HHXRF) spectrophotometer and the standard approach, the study confirmed the proportions, amounts, and patterns of several heavy metals (additives) utilized in the production of both types of bags. The result showed Titanium (Ti), Copper (Cu) and Calcium (Ca) were used in massive amounts, other carcinogenic metals i.e., Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (Ar), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) were also detected. Long term exposure to this metal can disrupt living cells. We concluded that because of the photolytic qualities of the additives used in degradable plastic bags when the linkages of polymers are generated, degradable plastic bags may be more dangerous than non-degradable plastic bags.

Pelatihan dan Pengembangan E-commerce UMKM Produksi Keripik Desa Gunting Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Gunting Village has good potential in the UMKM sector that is developed, one example is the UMKM production of chips. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a decrease in market demand for chip products. This is caused by the decline in people's purchasing power, limited access to marketing, and the lack of innovative types of marketing that are carried out. E-commerce is considered capable of being an alternative marketing method. The purpose of this service program is to provide assistance and training to chips UMKM owners in Gunting Village regarding online product marketing in the midst of a pandemic. The method used is the Action Research method which involves the target community group, namely the owners of UMKM chips in Gunting Village. Through the results of the Focus Group Discussion and identification of problems carried out, the agreed solution was socialization, training and mentoring activities. The service team offers efforts to expand people's knowledge about how to modify their marketing in e-commerce. It is hoped that these UMKM actors will be able to expand the range of the products they market with e-commerce features during this pandemic. Activities carried out by the service team include socialization, training and assistance regarding how important and multifunctional the market place is, and social media. The result of this activity is that the UMKM community in Gunting Village has started marketing UMKM products with e-commerce, and the virtual promotion they are doing has also been formed.

Flour geographical indication in the Southern Bahia

The region surrounding the city of Buerarema, is also known as “Bolsão do Maruim” (a rural area contained in the municipalities of Buerarema, São José da Vitória, Ilhéus and Una, in South Bahia) Where cassava production, is notoriously recognized for its excellent flour quality. Aiming to add reliability and national recognition, this work presents points of attention to be observed in a market strategy based on the registration of the Geographical Indication (GI) of cassava flour from Buerarema. For example, some GIs include: Champagne from France, Port wine from Portugal, coffee from Colombia, Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese from Italy, Canastra cheese from Brazil and Cachaça from Salinas also in Brazil. The GI registration is granted to products or services that are characteristic from their site of origin, which generates renown and value, also giving emphasis in relation to their competitors in the market place. There are thousands of GIs registered in the world and most belong to the agricultural and food sector and their commercial value is estimated in billions of dollars. The work is of an Applied nature and through a qualitative, exploratory research, using the technical procedure of action-research and bibliography. As a result, the main aspects are presented that the possible Gi registration for Buerarema flour must observe and define in order to protect its product from local competition and also in global markets.

AI and IoT for Energy Optimization

The Energy sector all over the world is faced with the challenges on how to control wastages to its minimal bearing point with a view to optimize its consumption. The generation is capital intensive and the demand by the consumers is very high and the global world cannot wait to have a carbon free zone. Hence, the need for a greener and clean energy without leakages or wastages by the consumers The research work is focusing on the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IOT) for energy optimization in Nigeria, a country where the demand for energy is far higher than its supply in both government buildings, residential buildings as well as market and business places. The emergence of Internet of Things (IOT), smart technologies and AI (artificial intelligence) has made it possible to integrate renewable energy solutions together with a view to meet up consumer’s demand and to create a carbon free environments to improve Energy generation without causing major harm to the environment as well as reducing energy wastages by both the generating company and the consumers in the Building Construction Industry (BCI) With our current nature of power supply, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things are needed to synchronize the conventional power source and other backups sources like the fuel (diesel and PMS) generators and solar for steady power supply and by extension, steady work flow in the offices, residential buildings, business shops and market places. The Building Construction Industry in Nigeria has a market size of about USD$105.8 billion in 2023 with an annual expectancy growth projection of >3% for a population of about 225.604 million people hence, the urgent need for more energy generation and proper optimization. Finally, this paper will also look at some of the challenges with AI and IOT technologies in building structures as well as possible recommendations for a better greener carbon free environment

The group behavior analysis of the high-frequency traders based on Mean Field Games approach

Abstract We present an approach to describe the group behavior of the high-frequency traders in the stock market based on Mean Field Games and optimal control theory. The problem is formalized as a system of coupled PDEs: Kolmogorov–Fokker–Planck, evolving forward in time with initial condition, and Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman, evolving backwards in time with terminal condition. Under certain assumptions, the system of PDEs can be reduced to Riccati-type ODEs. We solve the inverse problem to describe the behavior of the high-frequency traders during the Chinese stock market crisis in 2015.

Performance of Low-Dimensional Solid Room-Temperature Photodetectors-Critical View.

In the last twenty years, nanofabrication progress has allowed for the emergence of a new photodetector family, generally called low-dimensional solids (LDSs), among which the most important are two-dimensional (2D) materials, perovskites, and nanowires/quantum dots. They operate in a wide wavelength range from ultraviolet to far-infrared. Current research indicates remarkable advances in increasing the performance of this new generation of photodetectors. The published performance at room temperature is even better than reported for typical photodetectors. Several articles demonstrate detectivity outperforming physical boundaries driven by background radiation and signal fluctuations. This study attempts to explain these peculiarities. In order to achieve this goal, we first clarify the fundamental differences in the photoelectric effects of the new generation of photodetectors compared to the standard designs dominating the commercial market. Photodetectors made of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), quantum dots, topological insulators, and perovskites are mainly considered. Their performance is compared with the fundamental limits estimated by the signal fluctuation limit (in the ultraviolet region) and the background radiation limit (in the infrared region). In the latter case, Law 19 dedicated to HgCdTe photodiodes is used as a standard reference benchmark. The causes for the performance overestimate of the different types of LDS detectors are also explained. Finally, an attempt is made to determine their place in the global market in the long term.

Funding priorities and health outcomes in Danish medical research

External research funding is an essential component of the infrastructure of modern, academic research. Priorities in funding decisions drive what knowledge is generated, and how scientists’ careers are shaped. For health research, it can ultimately have implications for health outcomes. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how funding information can be used to track priorities in health research, linking them to disease burdens and research outputs. Furthermore, funding concentrations are analysed from both researcher and disease perspectives, to estimate the influence of personal Matthew-effects on the distribution of health research funding. Denmark is used as the case, including funding information from all major public and private research foundations in the period 2004–2016. Grant information is linked to research outputs and disability-adjusted life-years (DALY rates), for 34,160 publications linked to 2630 grants, receiving DKK 4.8 billion in funding. Data show poor correlation between funding priorities, research activity and disease burdens, with several diseases receiving disproportionate amounts of funding. A research opportunity index is calculated to identify diseases with the highest potential for future investments from a burden-centred point of view. Funding is highly concentrated, both on people and on specific diseases. High funding concentrations on researchers can be a driving factor behind the observed funding-to-burden imbalances, and may risk knowledge stagnation through monopolisation of the market place of ideas. Results indicate that funders of clinical and translational research, as well as some types of biomedical research, need to supplement traditional considerations of scientific excellence with measures of societal challenges and relevance.

Pengaruh Promosi terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Toko Pakaian Pasar Baru Kecamatan Panyabungan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal

This research aims to determine the effect of promotions on the income of clothing businesses in Pasar Baru Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra. Data collection was carried out through a survey of 56 respondents consisting of market traders, where 35.71% of the respondents were men and 64.29% were women. The majority of respondents were aged between 26-40 years (35.71) and had a high school education or equivalent (62.50%). The results of simple linear regression analysis show that promotion has a significant influence on income, with a regression coefficient of 0.484. This means that every one unit increase in the promotion variable has the potential to increase revenue by 0.484 units. The regression model obtained is Y= 82.586 + 0.484 The validity test shows that all statement items are valid with a calculated r value greater than r table (0.2221), while the reliability test with Cronbach alpha shows a value of 0.685 for promotion and 0.839 for income, which means the instrument used is reliable. In addition, the classical assumption test ensures that the data is normally distributed and there is no heteroscedasticity. The research also identifies challenges such as intense competition and environmental issues in the market. These findings emphasize the importance of effective promotional strategies, supported by government policies that encourage sustainable economic growth in traditional markets.

Trading Momentum in the U.S. Crude Oil Futures Market

This paper investigates if the Rate of Change (ROC), as a popular measure of momentum, can serve as a reliable technical analysis indicator to improve stock price prediction for U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures market. The methodology centers on the application of the ROC and/or Moving Average (MA) price crossover/cross under strategies as a trading system. End of month futures prices of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil prices are collected for the period 28th May 2004 – 30th April 2024. The performance of the trading system is measured using both the Sharpe and Sortino ratios, thereby adjusting for total and downside risks. The model is also benchmarked against the naïve buy-and-hold strategy. Overall findings suggest a ROC based on 14-month periods outperform other momentum-based indicators, including when combined with price-crossover moving average strategies, and the naïve buy-and-hold strategy. After adjusting for the negative returns, the downside risk or semi-deviation amounted to 8.5%, and a Sortino value of 4.58. The Sortino value is however biased due to the 295% return witnessed in 2009. Findings have some vital policy implications for regulatory bodies and traders in the WTI crude oil energy futures market.

Assessment of Microbial Contamination and Hygiene Practices of Okra Powders in Public Markets of Yamoussoukro

Background: Okra is one of the most consumed fruit vegetables by Ivorians either fresh or powdered. However, due to a lack of supervision, okra powders are sold under conditions that often leave something to be desired. Objectives: This study aims to assess the level of microbial contamination of okra powders sold in public markets, with a view to preventing any potential health risks for consumers. Methodology: The experimental method is based on a survey within the markets of the city of Yamoussoukro in order to describe the conditions of sale. Samples of okra powders sold in these markets were analyzed. Acquired Results: The survey showed that, most marketers sell their product beyond 10 days. Additionally, okra powders are sold in plastic containers, uncovered. In addition, the analyzes reveal the absence of Salmonella spp. but the presence of yeasts, molds, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli whose loads varying from 3.5. 103a ± 0.16.103 to 4.8.103a ± 0.49.103 CFU/g, 1.5.104b ± 0.28.104 to 3.2.103a ± 0.32.103 CFU/g and 3.3.103a ± 0.17.103 to 8.103a ± 0.91.103 CFU/g. However, all the okra powders analyzed present an unsatisfactory microbiological quality. Conclusion and Outlook: To avoid any health risk for consumers, traders must be supervised, organized and made aware of good hygiene practices.

Assessment and Modeling of Workplace Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Makurdi, Nigeria

Solar radiation though beneficial to life but the harmful effects of over exposure especially in Nigeria has been neglected and its measurement/prediction has received negligible attention in the literature. This study measured and modeled workplace exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (SUVR) in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Digital broadband meter was used to measure solar power density in three site while polymer Polysolphone dosimeters were fitted on a human manikin and placed in the sun between 10:00 am- 4:00pm (6 hours) to quantify the amount of Solar UVR absorbed by three occupational workers (Traders, Fishermen and Staff/Students). Five dosimeters were deployed in each of the three sites for calibration to measure UV absorbance in J/m2 while seven in each site were used for body parts. UV/VIS-spectrophotometer was handily used to measure both post and pre-absorbance and the UV exposures were calculated. The UV index was also calculated. Result shows that, head top had the highest exposure values 7.19kJ/m2, 6.51kJ/m2 and 7.00kJ/m2, while the least values was under cloth cover 2.47kJ/m2, 2.08kJ/m2 and 2.20kJ/m2 for traders, fishermen and staff/students respectively. Similarly, the calculated cumulative exposures were 3289.36kJ/m2, 497.82kJ/m2 and 1515.60kJ/m2 at the market square, river bank and the campus respectively. These values were higher than international ICNIRP average value 30J/m2. UV index at market square was 9 (media graphic colour purple), while at river bank and BSU campus was 8 (media graphic colour reddish). High mean irradiant values with high UV index indicates high risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. Therefore, use of sun protective clothing is recommended and reduce time in the sun especially between 1:00pm and 2:00pm to prevent over exposure that will lead to serious harmful effects especially at the market place.

Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran terhadap Minat Nasabah dalam Menabung: Studi Kasus pada PT. BPRS Magetan

This research aims to determine the results of research on the influence of the marketing mix on customer interest in savings products at PT. BPRS Magetan. This research used descriptive quantitative methods using a sample of 103 savings product customers as respondents. The distribution of questionnaires was carried out using a Likert scale on variables in the marketing mix, namely, product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis using instrument data tests, classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests using the t test, f test and r2. The results of this research explain that partially the product, price, place, promotion and people variables have a positive and significant influence on customer interest in saving, while the process and physical evidence variables do not have a positive and insignificant influence on the customer interest variable in saving. Then simultaneously the variables product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence have a positive and significant influence on customer interest in saving. The results of the coefficient of determination test (R Square) showed that product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence had a simultaneous influence of 86.5% on customer interest in saving on PT. BPRS Magetan.

Strategi Bauran Pemasaran Bisnis Digital “Ngiklan Aja” dalam Meningkatkan Volume Penjualan

This research aims to determine the marketing strategies used by Ng Advertising Aja to increase its sales volume. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method, using data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. In-depth interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding the 7P marketing mix strategy, namely Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical Evidence. which is used to find strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats using the SWOT analysis method. The results of this research are categorized into IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary) and EFAS (External Factor Analysis Summary). The resulting score from internal factors was 3.02; with a strength of 2.58 and a weakness of 0.44. Meanwhile, the score obtained from external factors was 3.48; with an opportunity of 2.66 and a threat of 0.82. Thus, it is known that Ng Advertising Aja is in quadrant I position, which supports the creation of an aggressive strategy by using its internal strengths to make the most of existing opportunities.

Peran Kepuasan dalam Memediasi Hubungan Kualitas Pelayanan dan Harga pada Loyalitas Pelanggan di E-Commerce Shopee

The development of marketing today is no longer limited to time and space. This condition is caused by technological advances that are very supportive of conducting marketing activities in a wider scope. Both for service and non-service offerings. Along with the growth of demand by consumers through online, market place platforms have emerged that offer various consumer needs. So there is sharp competition among sellers. These conditions require companies to pay attention to the satisfaction felt by consumers which will ultimately create loyal consumers. The company should also consider the different elements that influence it. The focus of this research is to analyze how customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between service quality and price on loyalty. The sample involved was 80 Shopee e-commerce customers. Data testing includes, data quality test, classic assumption test, outlier test, and path analysis. A significant discovery is that satisfaction does not serve as a mediator in the relationship between service quality, price, and customer loyalty.

Revolutionizing marketing strategies: analyzing guerrilla marketing, brand image, and brand awareness impact on Gen Y purchasing decisions

Abstract The rise of digital technology and social media platforms has made traditional marketing approaches less effective in capturing the attention of the tech-savvy Generation Y. There has been an increased interest in guerrilla marketing tactics, which employ unconventional strategies to engage consumers. This study investigated the impact of guerrilla marketing, brand image, and brand awareness on the purchasing decisions of Generation Y consumers. The study adopted the Hierarchy-of-Effects Theory and conducted an empirical study the following constructs: viral marketing, ambush marketing, buzz marketing, street graphics marketing, brand awareness, brand image, and purchase decision. Data was collected from 442 Generation Y respondents in Thailand. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyse the model and construct's reliability. At the same time, the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was adopted to explore the relationship of the study constructs. The results indicated that the purchase decision of Generation Y was significantly influenced by ambush marketing, buzz marketing, and street graphics marketing. The research revealed that brand image and brand awareness exerted a substantial impact on purchase decisions and served as key mediators in the relationship between guerrilla marketing and purchase decisions among Generation Y. The study emphasised the importance of guerrilla marketing techniques and leverage of the power of social media to influence purchase behaviour. Marketing managers should consider these techniques to attract Generation Y.

Business-Government Relations in Domestic and International Marketplaces

Over the past few years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) in China. Laws and incentives encouraging EV adoption have strengthened the domestic relationships between Chinese EV companies and the Chinese government, compared to their partnerships with other governments. Internationally, Chinese electric vehicle firms often face limited government support due to trade barriers and geopolitical conflicts that affect their operations. This paper explores the Chinese electric vehicle industry, highlighting its positive role in international trade and its potential threat to foreign manufacturers. It also recommends that the domestic government adopt a data analysis methodology to facilitate expansion and enhance competition among domestic firms through subsidies and tax incentives.