Street Lighting Research Articles

Review Paper on Street Light Automatic Intensity Controller

Abstract: This paper is planned for making more secure roadways with canny light framework to lessen power utilization. This framework has programmed road light power control dependent on the vehicular development and turning ON and OFF of road lights relying upon the light atmosphere. This will help in decreasing the power utilization during long periods of small street use. The road light module is introduced subsequently for each specific separation. This paper additionally targets lessening street mishaps by recognizing utilization of liquor by the driver. This can be actualized utilizing liquor sensor module which contains skin sensor, breath liquor sensor and nearness sensor. The skin sensor and broadness liquor sensor distinguish the nearness of liquor content and the nearness sensor helps in identifying any sort of misbehaviour. The oddity of this paper is to successfully lessen the vitality utilization of the road lights by controlling the road light's force, detecting both human just as vehicular development and injury and passing brought about by alcoholic driving can be forestalled by earlier detecting of the liquor content in drivers by a basic and affordable way..

The Main Theories of the Provision of Public Goods: History and Modernity

The article discusses the history and modern theories of public goods provision, which are a key aspect of the socio-economic system of states. Public goods, such as defense, free education, street lighting, and others, are distinguished by the fact that their consumption is available to all members of society at the same time and they do not compete with each other. It is determined that in the 19th century, with the emergence of new economic and social theories, new approaches to the provision of public goods emerged. Researchers such as Schaeffe and Pigou made a significant contribution to understanding the role of the state in this process by considering public goods in the context of the public and private sectors of the economy. It is noted that in the second half of the 19th century, as well as in the 20th century, new theories emerged that became important for understanding the production and distribution of public goods. The key attention is focused on the study of the history and modernity of theories of public goods provision, as well as their application in modern conditions. In general, the article highlights the significance of the historical development of the theory of public goods and its impact on modern economic and political practice, emphasizing the need for continuous development and adaptation of this theory to the changing conditions of society. A comparative analysis of the scientific literature of different conceptual views and approaches to the problem of public goods provision and their distribution is presented.

Determinasi Potensi Penghasil Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah dengan Pendekatan Overlay (Studi Kasus Pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Balangan)

One of the regions in Indonesia that is facing the threat of a regional financial drought in the future is South Kalimantan Province. 50% of the region depends on income from coal mining which is estimated to only be available until 2030. The aim of this research is to determine the types of regional taxes and levies that have potential for regional original income. The data analysis method is overlay analysis through three stages, namely growth analysis, contribution analysis and classification analysis of types of regional taxes. The results of this research are (1) analysis of the growth of most types of regional taxes in Balangan Regency including unsuccessful criteria. (2) analysis of the contribution of most types of regional taxes in Balangan Regency to local revenue includes very poor criteria. (3) Overlay analysis of the classification of potential regional taxes for Balangan Regency for 2021-2022 shows that the type of tax included in the developing category is advertising. Conclusion There are no types of taxes included in the prime category, there are no potential taxes, only advertising tax is developing. Meanwhile, the types of taxes that fall into the underdeveloped category include hotel taxes, restaurant taxes, catering/catering services taxes and the like, taxes on massage parlors, reflexology, steam baths/spas, and fitness centers, street lighting taxes, parking taxes, taxes swallow's nest, ground water tax, tax on non-metallic minerals and other rocks, PBB P2 (Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax), and BPHTB-Transfer of Rights tax means that the ratio of growth and contribution to the average tax is small. The results of the overlay analysis calculation show that most types of regional taxes in Balangan Regency are identified as developing and underdeveloped

Development Of Trainer Learning Media Kit Solar Cell Public Road Lighting System in Electrical Light Installation

This research studies to develop instructors of electric lighting installation instructor media learns the feasibility of learning media for electrical installations trainers, learns the feasibility of worksheets for electric lighting installation learning media, and studies the effectiveness of learning media for electrical installations. Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). By citing: (1) Analyzing (containing: analysis of design and needs, analysis of learning, analysis of students and obtaining difficulties there is no learning media for electrical installations), (2) Design (includes: large component trainers of electric contents, electricity, and trainer design), (3) Development (including making learning media broadcast by media experts and material experts), (4) Implementation (including conducted in class XI TL 2 SMK Negeri 2 Kota Serang starting with a pretest to find out where to find students IPL and then apply the learning media that has been developed) and (5) Evaluation (provided: done by providing a post-test to determine the effectiveness of the media that has been made). Based on the results of research that has been done, obtained data on the feasibility of instructional media with an average score of 82 categories "Very Eligible" and a learning media worksheet with an average score of 78 in the category of "Very Eligible". Both of these learning media get a value of "Very Effective" for learning with an average n-gain calculation score of 0.76.

Road lighting standardization using different light sources

This paper investigates the optimization of LED lamps and luminaires lighting in Motorized traffic (M), Conflict (C), and Pedestrian (P) areas to enhance safety and efficiency. These areas present unique challenges regarding visual clarity, spatial awareness, and risk management. LED lamps offer a promising solution due to their energy efficiency and flexibility. This research explores the specific lighting requirements in M, P, and C areas by combining theoretical analysis, empirical measurements, and practical case studies. It proposes strategies for effectively implementing LED lamp lighting and luminaires to improve visibility, mitigate conflicts, and ensure a secure environment for all users by studies the glare in all cases.

Reliability Evaluation of Electric Power Generation PLTS System on Public Street Lighting Tarakan City

Reliability Evaluation of Electric Power Generation PLTS System on Public Street Lighting Tarakan City

Investigation on the Impact of Ancillary Roadworks on Road Safety in Uganda: A Case of Kampala –Jinja Road

Increased accidents on Ugandan roads compelled the construction of road ancillaries, with a major aim of improving road safety, to attain sustainable economic development and further achieve SDG target 3.6 and SDG target 9.1. This study investigated the impact of ancillary roadworks on road safety in Uganda, a case of the Kampala – Jinja road. The study used a correlation research design with a quantitative approach. Primary data were collected from 30 field traffic officers, 19 drivers, 03 OC traffic police stations, 36 road engineers, 01 IOV, 01 RTO, and 12 market leaders whereas secondary data were extracted from accident data from Uganda Police. Questionnaire data were analysed with SPSS version 24.0. Results indicated that 39% of installed informatory signs, 47% of installed regulatory signs, and 60% of installed warning signs had been vandalised, exposing road users to the risk of accidents. Guardrails were still existing but some had rusted and others covered with grown grass, making them not seen by road users. The majority of road accidents were serious, accounting for 149 (46.3%) cases, followed by 130 fatal accidents (40.4%) and 43 (13.3%) minor accidents for the period from 2017 to 2022. Correlation results indicated that all ancillary road works were significant except road signs. Yet, regression results indicated that road marking (βeta = 0.307), guardrails (βeta = 0.286), and humps and rumble strips (βeta = 0.360) have a positive significant effect on road safety unlike road lights, road signs, walkways, and service lanes which were insignificant. Police traffic law enforcement and regular improvement on road infrastructure are required. It is concluded that road marking, guardrails, humps, and rumble strips significantly affect road safety. The study recommended that the construction of humps and rumble strips of moderate size, road marking with higher retro reflectivity (>200 mcd/lx/m2), and strong guardrails, can help in ensuring road safety with the support of enforcement of traffic laws of Uganda.

Design and Implementation of Energy Harvesting and Pollution Control System using Nano Tree

In today's globalized society, energy consumption is a fundamental pillar of societal advancement and evolution. Street lighting applications consume a lot of electricity with the benefit of preventing accidents and ensuring the safety of pedestrians at night. The main considerations in the present field of technologies are automation, power consumption, and cost-effectiveness. Alongside, rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in an exponential increase in air pollution causing adverse effects on living beings and deterioration of fossil fuels. Hence, the use of regenerative sources of energy is crucial to facilitate the high power demand. The proposed system presents the development of a Nano tree using the Arduino board to collect renewable solar energy from the environment used for street light illumination by using sensors at minimum electrical energy consumption. The Nano tree can be used as an alternative to streetlights with the addition of LED strips along with an accumulation of gaseous pollutants. If the pollutant level exceeds the limit an alert will also be sent to the pollution control authority of the adjacent industry. The Nano Tree is the concept of an autonomous street light with atmospheric monitoring capability.

Design of Intelligent Street Lamp System Driven by New Energy Sources

The streets, large and small, are full of street lights, which light up the way home when night falls. But tens of thousands of street lamps consume a lot of energy. The non-renewable energy on the earth is limited, so in order to protect our earth and enable the sustainable development of the earth, this paper designs and develops an intelligent street lamp system driven by new energy sources. Different from the traditional single power supply mode, the street lamp mentioned in this paper uses solar energy, wind energy and ceramic piezoelectric machinery to provide electricity to the street lamp. Solar power is generated when the sun is full, and wind power is generated when there is no sun. The mechanical energy of a car passing through piezoelectric ceramics can also be used to generate electricity in special weather conditions when there is no wind or sunshine. A variety of power generation methods have solved the malpractice of new energy source street lamps relying on weather conditions. And the system can display the power of the storage battery in real time, and light it automatically when night falls. It is an efficient multi-source drive intelligent new energy street lamp.

Exploring the role of public transport service and walking route related factors to identify maximum walking distances to bus stops in the Netherlands

This paper presents a study regarding the factors affecting the maximum distance travelers are willing to walk to a bus stop. The study focuses on bus services provided at and walking routes towards bus stops. Travelers’ evaluations are collected using a stated preference experiment. Based on 7911 evaluations of 879 respondents, a latent class ordered logit model is estimated showing that both bus service and walking route related attributes significantly contribute to the maximum distance travelers are willing to walk from home to a bus stop. The parameter estimates show that the most influential attributes are the bus frequency at the bus stop and the presence of street lighting along the route between home and bus stop. The model also shows that based on the evaluations three different classes of respondents can be distinguished. Membership of a class depends on traveler related characteristics: gender, residential area, and bus use.

Energy Efficiency in Public Lighting Systems Friendly to the Environment and Protected Areas

Solid-state lighting technology, such as LED devices, is critical to improving energy efficiency in street lighting systems. In Ecuador, government policies have established the obligation to exclusively use LED systems starting in 2023, except in special projects. Ecuador, known for its vast biodiversity, protects its national parks, which are rich in flora, fauna and natural resources, through international institutions and agreements such as UNESCO, CBD and CITES. Although reducing electrical consumption usually measures energy efficiency, this article goes further. It considers aspects such as the correlated color temperature in the lighting design of protected areas, light pollution and the decrease in energy quality due to harmonic distortion. Measurements of the electromagnetic spectrum of the light sources were made in an area in the Galápagos National Park of Ecuador, revealing highly correlated color temperatures that can affect ecosystem cycles. In addition, the investigation detected levels of light pollution increasing the night sky brightness and a notable presence of harmonic distortion in the electrical grid. Using simulations to predict the behavior of these variables offers an efficient option to help preserve protected environments and the quality of energy supply while promoting energy savings.

Evaluation of road network power conservation based on SDGSAT-1 glimmer imagery

Nighttime road lighting is crucial for transportation and substantially contributes to power consumption. To enhance energy efficiency, numerous Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps have been deployed across urban road networks. Assessing their effectiveness, however, has been challenging due to the coarse spatial resolution of traditional glimmer imagery. This study leverages high-resolution imagery from the newly launched SDGSAT-1 satellite, equipped with a Glimmer sensor, to quantitatively evaluate the impact of LED integration on power conservation within urban road networks. The SDGSAT-1 satellite provides unprecedented clarity with 10 m panchromatic and 40 m multi-spectral RGB resolutions, enabling a detailed analysis of illuminated road networks and the differentiation of LED and non-LED lighting sources. We utilized an unsupervised machine learning approach to extract and categorize lighting networks from panchromatic images based on spectral characteristics in RGB images, achieving an F1-measure of up to 98.11% after field validation. Our results reveal substantial urban nightlife vibrancy and effective energy-saving strategies in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Yangtze River Delta, in contrast to older, economically developed cities where conservation efforts were less effective. This study underscores the potential of SDGSAT-1 imagery for precise nighttime lighting assessments and offers valuable insights for optimizing urban development and energy conservation policies.

Analysis of Current Research and Future Development Trends of Applying Solar Energy in Street Lighting

Analysis of Current Research and Future Development Trends of Applying Solar Energy in Street Lighting

Application of Smart Streetlights in Urban Road Lighting

Application of Smart Streetlights in Urban Road Lighting

Photovoltaic Solar Energy for Street Lighting: A Case Study at Kuwaiti Roundabout, Gaza Strip, Palestine

Photovoltaic Solar Energy for Street Lighting: A Case Study at Kuwaiti Roundabout, Gaza Strip, Palestine

Pembangunan Fasilitas Peningkatan Sumber Daya Manusia di Kelurahan Makbon

Makbon sub district is a sub district located in Makbon District, Sorong District, Southwest Papua Province. The Topographical conditions of the villages in Makbon District are mostly located in coastal areas with a total of 15 villages/sub districts. Public facilities are facilities provided for the public interest in the sense of facilities that are used for the benefit of all society in carrying out and making it easier for society to carry out their daily activities. Increasing development in villages is really needed by the community, especially to stimulate economic activities. One of the contributions of the Saint Paul Sorong Polytechnic in Papua, especially in Sorong, is providing community service. There are several things that the lecturer team can do to help the community, namely making sub district boundary moments, making street signs and making street lights for the community service in Makbon to develop facilities and human resources (HR) for the quality of life of the people in Makbon district, Sorong regency, Southwest Papua Province.

Making Solar PV Street Light – A New Convention

Today’s society is completely based on fossil fuels directly or indirectly for every aspect of its existence. The transformation from fossil fuels to green energy is essential for coming decade to mitigate sudden climate change and most importantly to ensure long term sustainability. Though this shifting works well in theory, but the reality is that shifting from fossil fuels is not so easy as it is considered to be most available convenient source of energy. Sustainable solution with modern creative ideas embedded with traditional practices, can reduce the dependency on fossil fuels on everything from energy to infrastructure. Today Light emitting diode (LED) lamps have replaced High intensity discharge (HID) lamps that were used at urban street light. Solar Street lights work on the principle of photovoltaic cell or solar cell. This paper presents an overview of the design and implementation of the solar PV street lights as a new convention in outdoor lighting technology. Solar PV Street lights eliminate the need of grid electricity, making it cost effective and environment friendly in urban and rural areas. The system’s components include solar panel, batteries, light sources, charge controllers and a pole structure. In short, this paper is based on the idea of maintaining the maximum utilization and minimum loss of available energy and also making an approach to increase the longevity of the system’s components with some common techniques and make a shift from conventional to non-conventional source of energy and thus a new convention is proposed.

Fusion of Google Street View, LiDAR, and Orthophoto Classifications Using Ranking Classes Based on F1 Score for Building Land-Use Type Detection

Building land-use type classification using earth observation data is essential for urban planning and emergency management. Municipalities usually do not hold a detailed record of building land-use types in their jurisdictions, and there is a significant need for a detailed classification of this data. Earth observation data can be beneficial in this regard, because of their availability and requiring a reduced amount of fieldwork. In this work, we imported Google Street View (GSV), light detection and ranging-derived (LiDAR-derived) features, and orthophoto images to deep learning (DL) models. The DL models were trained on building land-use type data for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The data was created using building land-use type labels from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and web scraping. Then, we classified buildings into apartment, house, industrial, institutional, mixed residential/commercial, office building, retail, and other. Three DL-derived classification maps from GSV, LiDAR, and orthophoto images were combined at the decision level using the proposed ranking classes based on the F1 score method. For comparison, the classifiers were combined using fuzzy fusion as well. The results of two independent case studies, Vancouver and Fort Worth, showed that the proposed fusion method could achieve an overall accuracy of 75%, up to 8% higher than the previous study using CNNs and the same ground truth data. Also, the results showed that while mixed residential/commercial buildings were correctly detected using GSV images, the DL models confused many houses in the GTA with mixed residential/commercial because of their similar appearance in GSV images.

Defining daytime in the day-dark approach to measuring the pedestrian reassurance of road lighting

In the day-dark approach to measuring the contribution of road lighting to pedestrian reassurance, reassurance is evaluated in daylight and after dark. In previous studies, the daylight and after dark evaluations were carried out at different times of day. Other factors, such as the presence of other people, are likely to vary with time of day, and hence this confounds conclusions about the effectiveness of road lighting. In this study, we conducted a day-dark field study of pedestrian reassurance but with the daylight evaluation carried out at two times of the day, one at around mid-day and one at the same time of day as the after dark evaluation, achieved by taking advantage of the biannual daylight savings clock change. These data did not suggest any significant effects of time of day on the daylight evaluations of pedestrian reassurance.

Does using a bioptic telescope improve visual recognition of the on-road environment?

Individuals with reduced visual acuity (VA) may drive with bioptic telescopes in some jurisdictions. The effect of bioptic telescope use on on-road recognition distances is important for driving safety, as increased recognition distances increase the time available to react to road signs or driving events. This study aimed to investigate the impact of bioptic telescope use on visual recognition of road signs, traffic lights, and hazards in an on-road driving environment in individuals with reduced VA. Ten individuals (mean ± standard deviation age, 39.1 ± 19.1 years) with reduced VA (trained to use bioptic telescopes) participated in a repeated-measures on-road experiment for two viewing conditions, with and without a bioptic telescope (randomized order). Participants underwent a clinical low vision assessment, including high-contrast VA with and without the bioptic telescope aligned, visual fields, and contrast sensitivity testing. For the driving component, participants seated in the front passenger seat of a moving car reported all road signs, traffic lights, and hazards (unpredictable road events that represent a risk to driving safety including other vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians) seen along a route that included suburban roads and highways. Video cameras captured participants' viewing behavior, verbal commentary, and the distance at which three pre-selected road signs were reported. In the eye with the bioptic telescope, high-contrast VA improved from 0.75 ± 0.17 (without) to 0.25 ± 0.1 logMAR with the bioptic telescope. Bioptic telescope use did not affect the percentage of road signs, traffic lights, or hazards correctly recognized but did result in 2.6 times longer recognition distances (49 ± 23 vs. 19 ± 11 m, t9 = 5.02, p<0.001). Road signs were recognized at significantly longer distances when using a bioptic telescope, confirming their positive impact on timely visual recognition of objects within the driving scene. Future work should explore whether this effect generalizes to individuals using bioptic telescopes when driving a vehicle.