Road Junctions Research Articles

Spatial configuration of warehouses of different sizes in the City of Cape Town municipality

Background: Various metropolitan areas have become key centres for logistics activities, leading to a significant increase in the number of warehouses. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the locational patterns of warehouses of different sizes in Africa.Objectives: To analyse the locational patterns of warehouses of different sizes within the City of Cape Town municipality, South Africa. The analysis focuses on the main factors influencing the placement of warehouses: transport infrastructure, land availability, proximity to customers and land-use zoning.Method: The study categorised warehouses based on their building footprint sizes, using the classifications of xx-small, x-small, small, medium, x-large and mega. A total of 396 warehouses were categorised accordingly. Proportional symbol mapping was then conducted in ArcGIS 10.1, assigning each warehouse type a specific weighting.Results: The study found that the areas surrounding the Port of Cape Town predominantly accommodated x-small warehouses. A diverse concentration of warehouses was identified along the railway, near the junctions of regional and national roads and within the areas enclosed by these roads. In addition, warehouses of diverse sizes were primarily situated in the main industrial zones of the municipality.Conclusion: The City of Cape Town municipality is encouraged to promote the consolidation of particularly large warehouses in strategic locations. These include industrial areas not geographically near the Port of Cape Town but with railway access to the port.Contribution: The study will contribute towards enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of logistics processes within the City of Cape Town.

ENGINEERING-GEODESIC EQUIPMENT OF THE TERRITORY USED BY USING GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS

The purpose of the scientific article is the implementation of an important part of the agricultural spatial data infrastructure, planning of the domestic economy using geographic information systems (GIS). Taking this direction into account, the work examines the following main elements of designing the domestic economy: location of settlements and economic centers; design of internal roads; placement of external engineering networks; use of types of land reclamation for agricultural purposes; allocation of land for the construction of roads of various categories of local importance; placement of agricultural machinery in land use; conduct a technical and economic analysis of the effective use of road junctions and reclamation works as an engineering structure, as well as systematize the engineering and geodetic process necessary to implement these studies based on GIS technologies. With the help of geographic information systems technologies, it will be necessary to determine the following directions of engineering and geodetic equipment of the territory: Information about road transport and roads, Roads in plan, longitudinal and horizontal profiles, Driving through bodies of water and bodies of water on the road, Road surfaces, Road surveys and design of agricultural roads, The basic principle of organizing the construction, maintenance and repair of agricultural roads.

Factors Affecting Rear-End Collisions in Underground Road Junctions Using VISSIM

Due to urban overcrowding, available land is limited and traffic congestion has increased. Underground roads are being built to mitigate traffic congestion as an alternative. Studies associated with underground roads are needed because these roads are dark and closed and have a high risk of accidents compared to surface roads. In particular, there is limited study on junctions that connect two or more underground roads. In this study, an underground road network including junctions was constructed to analyze the factors behind rear-end collisions at underground road connections. To reflect the driving behavior on underground roads, the scenario analysis was conducted by applying the speed distribution of underground roads in Korea. The results of the analysis showed that variables such as acceleration standard deviation and lateral position standard deviation are crucial for accidents on underground roads. Thus, this study can be used as a basis for traffic management and safety improvement in the operation of underground road junctions in the future.

Developing accident frequency prediction models for urban roads: A case study in São Paulo, Brazil

The growing number of vehicles and the evolving behaviour of road users present new and additional challenges to road safety. Study on the variables that influence the frequency of crash occurrences such as road geometry, junction, speed and land use are needed as they have proven effects on the number and severity of crashes. In this paper, we identify and assess the variables, namely road geometry, vehicle speed, traffic volume, land use and junction type, and develop accident frequency prediction models for a main urban transport corridor in São Paulo, Brazil. Crash data was provided by the traffic management company of the city, other datasets were obtained from a mix of primary and secondary sources including roadside cameras, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and digital mapping tools. The studied road was segmented and the coefficients associated with variables in the segments were obtained using Poisson regression through a stepwise variable selection procedure. Two models with junctions density per type (access/km, T-junction unsignalised/km, T-junction signalised/km and crossroads/km) and junction density per merged type (signalised/km and unsignalised/km) along with land use per type (commercial and residential) are developed. The junction density and land use are found to be significant and positively correlated with crash frequency. The models were evaluated by statistical means for their accuracy of predicting the crashes, and validated with additional information obtained from field observation.

Road Junction Throughput Testing in Transport Logistics—Slovak Case Study

The development of motoring and the ever-increasing traffic load on roads results in congestion and the collapse of traffic in weak places, which, due to their existing construction solution and traffic organization, cannot cover the current and forecasted requirements of carriers. The aim of this article is to present a proposal for a procedure of adjusting the organization of transport, based on our own research and scientific methods of traffic forecasting. The authors work with the hypothesis that there are possibilities of rebuilding weak points in the existing network of overland roads into transport hubs with a higher transport capacity that will cover the requirements of transporters. In this article, the authors emphasize that the basis of the search for an optimal solution to the change in traffic remains the development of calculation methods and consideration of the specific traffic conditions occurring in the given country. Using the example of a case study within the Slovak Republic, we present a proposal for calculation methods based on European standards, which can be used practically without changes in every EU member country. This case study deals with the proposal to transform an uncontrolled four-way intersection into a roundabout. The authors carried out extensive transport research, and on the basis of data analysis, proposed construction and traffic-operational modifications of the existing junction in order to fulfil customer requirements in transport logistics. The proposed solution was verified alternatively with regard to the planned construction of a motorway section near the assessed intersection. When designing the calculation methods, we used our own experimental measurements directly in the area and also included in the calculation methods calculations regarding the capacity of turbo intersections, which are not yet addressed by the technical regulations in the SR environment.

Driving Behavior Characteristics of Merging Sections in the Urban Underground Road Junction: A Driving Simulator Study

Driving Behavior Characteristics of Merging Sections in the Urban Underground Road Junction: A Driving Simulator Study

Low-Cost Sensor Monitoring of Air Quality Indicators during Outdoor Renovation Activities around a Dwelling House

A couple of air quality (AQ) parameters were monitored with two types of low-cost sensors (LCSs) before, during and after the garden fence rebuilding of a dwelling house, located at the junction of a main road and a side street in a suburban area of Budapest, Hungary. The AQ variables, recorded concurrently indoors and outdoors, were particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) and some gaseous trace pollutants, such as CO2, formaldehyde (HCHO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Medium-size aerosol (PM2.5-1), coarse particulate (PM10-2.5) and indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios were calculated. The I/O ratios showed that indoor fine and medium-size PM was mostly of outdoor origin; its increased levels were observed during the renovation. The related pollution events were characterized by peaks as high as 100, 95 and 37 µg/m3 for PM1, PM2.5-1 and PM10-2.5, respectively. Besides the renovation, some indoor sources (e.g., gas-stove cooking) also contributed to the in-house PM1, PM2.5-1 and PM10-2.5 levels, which peaked as high as 160, 255 and 220 µg/m3, respectively. In addition, these sources enhanced the indoor levels of CO2, HCHO and, rarely, VOCs. Increased and highly fluctuating VOC levels were observed in the outdoor air (average: 0.012 mg/m3), mainly due to the use of paints and thinners during the reconstruction, though the use of a nearby wood stove for heating was an occasional contributing factor. The acquired results show the influence of the fence renovation-related activities on the indoor air quality in terms of aerosols and gaseous components, though to a low extent. The utilization of high-resolution LCS-assisted monitoring of gases and PMx helped to reveal the changes in several AQ parameters and to assign some dominant emission sources.

THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

The purpose of the study is to develop, with the help of artificial intelligence, an innovative digital microcontroller network traffic light object capable of adaptively responding to traffic congestion and changing the time phases of enabling the green signal in interaction with neighboring traffic light objects. The study uses a method of system analysis using computer simulation of existing analog and hybrid traffic light controllers. As a result of the study, an assessment of their effectiveness in the adaptive regulation of modern traffic flows in densely populated cities of the country is given. The results of simulation modeling in the AnyLogic PLE environment were used for calculations. The experimental data of complex entrance/exit road junctions of Almaty and Astana cities were taken as a basis, taking into account the time cyclograms of traffic flow characteristics of highways. An assessment was also given of the existing methods of regulating complex road transport hubs to streamline negative congestion in the center of Almaty and its expressways.

АЛГОРИТМ ПОИСКА ОПТИМАЛЬНОЙ СЕТИ ПОЛИГОНОВ СБОРА ТВЕРДЫХ КОММУНАЛЬНЫХ ОТХОДОВ

The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for constructing a network of polygons for storing, recycling and neutralizing industrial and consumer waste in a certain region, taking into account the generated mass of solid communal waste and the existing transport network, allowing one to come to an economically optimal solution. The mathematical methods presented in the scientific literature are aimed at solving problems of determining the optimal location of logistics infrastructure objects, namely a manufacturing plant, a warehouse, a distribution centre, a retail outlet. The paper formulates and implements an algorithm for constructing an optimal network of polygons, which would minimize economic costs for logistics, construction, and operation of the polygons. The main factors taken into account are the mass of generated solid communal waste, the transportation cost from the temporary accumulation site to the solid communal waste polygon, the distance between administrative centres. The basic principle of searching for the logistics extremum is based on determining the main node, that is the one with the largest mass of solid communal waste along all available road junctions and choosing the polygon location based on the condition of the maximum difference in annual logistics costs. Using the proposed algorithm, the paper solves the problem of determining the number and location of solid communal waste polygons for the southern part of the Komi Republic.

License Plate Detection Based on Open CV

In this project a new approach of automatic vehicle number plate recognition in National Highways and this approach enables the vehicle to automatically pass the NH roads by using object detection, 3D environment construction, virtual line generation, path planning. The system is to monitor the vehicles that are entering and going out of the NH roads. All vehicles have their own unique license plate number, so the abstraction of plate number plays a major role in this system. The vehicle number plate is taken by the tool like machine learning based camera which is placed at the road junctions. The captured image will be processed by the automatic number plate recognition using OCR (optical character recognition) algorithm, here we using Gaussians filters for remove the blueness of the image using a Gaussian kernel suppresses only high-frequency spatial information. Then the entry and exit vehicle number should be recorded. A database is created with the vehicle number. This method is an efficient way of recognizing the vehicle number plate and strengthen the security system. In case of centralized receiver all the entrance records are kept in storage and it will check the presence of theft vehicle entering into the NH roads, it will be noticed and capture the vehicle image and vehicle information’s will be send to authorized person using IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol). The OCR technique is used to identify the number. This system has many advantages like theft detection, less man power, user friendly, vehicle logging and less processing time.

BIM in Optimization of Power Duct for Efficient Cable Routing: An Industrial Approach

Objectives: This study was conducted to achieve optimized power duct sizes with ensuring sufficient bending for the electrical cables at the road junction locations. Methods: Used Revit tool, a Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology to integrate the design data of electrical cables and for modelling the power duct structure. Tools in the Revit software were used to automate the cable bending and clash detection simulations tasks. Findings: With the help of these tools, we modeled cable routing and optimized power duct structure sizes, saving 90% of man-hours and achieving 20% cost savings at the site compared to conventional methods. Novelty: It’s a pioneering effort to integrate the design data of electrical cables and automate the cable routing by ensuring the sufficient bending radius by utilizing the tools in the Revit software. And optimization of the power duct size at the cable transition locations by performing multiple simulations of the model and clash detection. Keywords: BIM, Revit, Virtual Design, Cable Routing, Electrical Design

Relationship between Micro-Climatic Parameters and Atmospheric Pollutants at Selected Road Junctions in Port Harcourt. Niger Delta, Nigeria

The increase in vehicular activities has led to the proliferation of atmospheric pollutants in industrialized cities worldwide. This study postulates that there will be a relationship between micro-climatic parameters and atmospheric pollutants. Samples were collected from five locations selected within Port Harcourt, namely Choba Junction, Rumuokoro Junction, Garrison Junction, Mile 3/UST roundabout, and Lagos Bus Stop. The measured parameters are air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and suspended particulate matter (SPM). The results showed that the mean concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) ranged between 13 ppm to 27.2 ppm. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen concentrations were below the detection limit. Choba has the highest SO2 (0.6 ppm) and NO2 (0.02 ppm) concentrations. Mornings had the highest concentration of pollutants compared to evenings. Similarly, the mean concentration of PM2.5 ranged between 71.4µg/m to 162.6 6µg/m3. For the micro-climatic, the mean temperature ranged from 25.6°C to 33.7°C, mean relative humidity ranged from 50.6% to 87.3%, and wind speed ranged from 0.8m/s to 1.4m/s. Higher micro-climatic values were also recorded at Choba. The relationship between atmospheric pollutants and particulate matter with microclimatic parameters was not significant (P>0.05). But in contrast, there was a relationship between temperature and relative humidity with the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 (P<0.05). The result implies that locations with high micro-climatic parameters have the possibility of having higher concentrations of atmospheric pollutants. Thus, constant monitoring of the emission level of vehicles is essential.

Unlocking urban charm for liveable street: transformative design strategies to boost pedestrian appeal in Asian cities

Walking as a mode of transportation faces challenges in Asian cities due to the proliferation of private motorized vehicles and lacking public transportation management. Despite contributing to people’s physical and mental well-being, walking is often considered the last option for transportation. Previous research has highlighted the link between walking, urban design qualities, individual reactions, and a sense of place. Other studies have suggested that a sense of place fosters a sense of belonging and attachment to the location. This paper aims to propose transformative design strategies to enhance pedestrians’ willingness to walk through the design of street junctions. Street junctions, especially those featuring corner buildings, offer opportunities for walking, observing, and resting, all of which are crucial elements for vibrant public spaces. The findings reveal that street junctions in cities like Surabaya (Indonesia) are predominantly perceived as “spaces to move” rather than “places to be.” To advance walkability in street junctions, transformative design strategies need to be addressed. Encouraging pedestrians’ willingness to walk can focus on their experiences and perceptual qualities. Developing policies aimed at enhancing street junctions in Asian cities emerges as a pivotal strategy for strengthening a culture of walking.

Traffic Management System Using IOT

Abstract: Traffic congestion is a major threat to transportation sector in every urban city around the world. This causes many adverse effects like, heavy fuel consumption, increased waiting time, pollution, etc. and causes major challenge to the movement of emergency vehicles. The reaction time required by the emergency responders plays a vital role to handle the situation. The greatest challenge they face is congestion of traffic flow. This paper presents an approach to schedule emergency vehicles in traffic. The approach combines the controlling of traffic congestion by IR sensors and detection of emergency vehicle using by RFID scanner method. The IR sensors is responsible for vehicle counting and RFID for the emergency vehicle. An IR sensors continuously count the passing vehicles & records the delay time between two vehicles. Flow of vehicles is normal means there is smooth traffic flow, or if in case, the passing time between two vehicles is decreased that means traffic congestion is happen ahead. In this situation traffic light turns to green, so that the emergency vehicle will reach its destination as fast as possible. The aim of this article is to identify and monitor the congestion system in order to provide efficient facilities. This journal also sets out a method that uses 433 MHZ RF Transmitter and receiver Wireless communication device technique and Internet of Things (IoT) to transmit the treatment request from the ambulance to the nearby hospitals and at the same time the LCD is installed on the road junction which displays the nearby hospital name and contact number for the ambulance, this smart traffic system which in turn changes the traffic signal cycle. This system can be implemented throughout the city thereby to reducing the delay.

Evaluating the Feasibility of Intelligent Blind Road Junction V2I Deployments

Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) communications is a technology that enables intelligent vehicles to exchange information and thus coordinate with other vehicles, road users, and infrastructure. However, despite advancements in cellular technology for V2X applications, significant challenges remain regarding the ability of the system to meet stringent Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements when deployed at scale. Thus, smaller-scale V2X use case deployments may embody a necessary stepping stone to address these challenges. This work assesses network architectures for an Intelligent Perception System (IPS) blind road junction or blind corner scenarios. Measurements were collected using a private 5G NR network with Sub-6GHz and mmWave connectivity, evaluating the feasibility and trade-offs of IPS network configurations. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the IPS as a V2X application, with implementation considerations based on deployment and maintenance costs. If computation resources are co-located with the sensors, sufficient performance is achieved. However, if the computational burden is instead placed upon the intelligent vehicle, it is questionable as to whether an IPS is achievable or not. Much depends on image quality, latency, and system performance requirements.

At the 90 Feet Road Junction

At the 90 Feet Road Junction

Activities of Car Drivers Performed During Waiting in front of Traffic Lights at Road Junctions

Activities of Car Drivers Performed During Waiting in front of Traffic Lights at Road Junctions

Properties of delay and queue length functions at bus stops

The literature on the relationships between delays and queue lengths as a function of the degree of saturation at road junctions is plentiful. However, little has been written about similar relationships at bus stops. In this article we show delay and queue length functions in bus stops to study their properties by using an ad-hoc simulation model. It was found that delay and queue functions at bus stops differ from that observed at road junctions. The main characteristic is that the functions increase more smoothly at bus stops than at road junctions. Therefore, in the process of designing and operating bus stops, not only the nominal capacity but also a low degree of saturation should be considered to manage congestion in the stop area. In addition, if the bus stop is located upstream of a traffic signal, the green time, and the cycle time play an important role in reducing congestion. This is relevant because on arterial roads most bus stops are close to traffic signals.

Traffic study using unmanned aerial vehicle & simulation of traffic flow at congested junctions of Salem City using hybrid approach

The number of road accidents in 2022 increased by 11.9% compared to 2021. Similarly, the number of deaths and injuries on account of road accidents also increased by 9.4% and 15.3% respectively. Road collision incidences in India are increasing at a rate of 5% faster than the world average. Since everyone moves about a lot in their everyday lives, transportation has become a part of everyone’s existence. All people, regardless of age, must travel to do their daily tasks, which causes roadways to get blocked. This research examines how urbanization and industry are causing traffic congestion in the current environment. In the Salem Corporation specified road network, 162 road links were chosen for the study and surveyed with unmanned aerial vehicles. By adopting this digital aerial survey, local authorities may overcome their challenges in estimating the varied road network required at any time from all aspects. Drone have been used to conduct extensive investigations of the condition of the Five Roads Junction, Kondalampatti, Seelanaikanpatti, Shewapett, Junction Main Roads in the Salem district. The intersections were selected because they see a higher volume of traffic, particularly during peak hours. The manual traffic study was conducted to determine the reasons for traffic congestion. Pedestrian laws, appropriate bus stops, signalized junctions, and other measures can all be used to manage traffic. Unlike conventional methods, traffic simulation software such as PTV VISSIM and Any-logic are being used in this research to minimize the identified problems since it may be the alternative approach. This research deals with the Salem district traffic issue at five complex intersections and offers some fundamental remedies.

Flyover reinforced soil and slope stabilization: Cases in Costa Rica

A reinforced soil structure is the introduction of traction resistant elements to increase the resistance of the soil and decrease the deformation of the solid, improving the structural behavior. In the other hand, gabions are a well known system use from many years ago to solve problems due to slope stability by building gravity structures. The construction of public and private projects proposes great engineering challenges. We will see two specific cases in each area, in the private case the construction of a reinforced soil wall to generate a work platform where water tanks will be installed to supply a housing and hotel complex in the coastal area. For this situation, a retention work was designed and built using the Maccaferri Terramesh System, additionally reinforced with high-resistance Paragrid geogrids, manufactured by Linear Composites. The second case was developed in the public sector, corresponds to an overpass or upper road interchange, on Route 32 that connects the city of San José with the province of Limón in Costa Rica, where a reinforced soil wall was built for a major road junction on the new highway. This highway is very important to get the goods to the port of Moín, which is the main point of entry and exit of products from the country.