Street Garbage Research Articles

A Machine Learning-Based Smart City Garbage Collection System

Abstract: During the process of smart city construction, city managers always spend a lot of energy and money for cleaning street garbage due to the random appearances of street garbage. Consequently, visual street cleanliness assessmentis particularly important. However, the existing assessment approaches have some clear disadvantages, such as the collection of street garbage information is not automated and street cleanliness assessment is not real-time. To address these disadvantages, this paper proposes an urban street cleanliness assessment approach using mobileedge computing and deep leaning. First the sensor are installed inside the dustbin and obtain up to the particular threshold . then Mobile edge service is used to store and extract street image information temporarily.

Deep Learning Implemented Visualizing City Cleanliness Level by Garbage Detection

In an urban city, the daily challenges of managing cleanliness are the primary aspect of routine life, which requires a large number of resources, the manual process of labour, and budget. Street cleaning techniques include street sweepers going away to different metropolitan areas, manually verifying if the street required cleaning taking action. This research presents novel street garbage recognizing robotic navigation techniques by detecting the city’s street-level images and multi-level segmentation. For the large volume of the process, the deep learning-based methods can be better to achieve a high level of classification, object detection, and accuracy than other learning algorithms. The proposed Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) is used to features extracted while using the deep learning technique to classify the ground-level segmentation process’s images. In this paper, we use mobile edge computing to process street images in advance and filter out pictures that meet our needs, which significantly affect recognition efficiency. To measure the urban streets’ cleanliness, our street cleanliness assessment approach provides a multi-level assessment model across different layers. Besides, with ground-level segmentation using a deep neural network, a novel navigation strategy is proposed for robotic classification. Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) approaches the output space of bounding boxes into a set of default boxes over different feature ratios and scales per attribute map location from the dataset. The SSD can classify and detect the garbage’s accurately and autonomously by using deep learning for garbage recognition. Experimental results show that accurate street garbage detection and navigation can reach approximately the same cleaning effectiveness as traditional methods.

Urban Street Cleanliness Assessment using Deep Learning

Implementation of smart cities is going on all over India. The key focus in smart city is to automate the tasks required to monitor the management activities and effective usage of resources. One important task in the city management is keeping city clean and the man power utilised for it. An automatic garbage monitoring system would help the administration to plan and allocate work for garbage cleaners in an efficient way. CNN is used to identify the street garbage categories, count the number of garbage. And the system is much efficient manner with accuracy. The results are incorporated into the street cleanliness calculation framework to ultimately visualize the street cleanliness levels, which provides convenience for City Corporation to arrange clean up personnel effectively.

Assessment of Waste Management through Mobile Edge Computing and Deep Learning

Due to the random occurrences of street waste, city managers usually spend a lot of energy and money cleaning street garbage, which is a core duty in computer vision, with applications ranging across the process of smart city creation. Deep network solutions are frequently constrained by the amount of training data available as they become deeper and more complicated. With this in mind, Open CV or Google AI has made the Open Images dataset publicly available in order to drive breakthroughs in image analysis and interpretation. Open Images continues the legacy of PASCAL VOC, Image Net, and COCO, but on a much larger scale. As a result, visual street cleanliness assessment will be extremely vital in this project. Existing assessment methods, on the other hand, have several significant drawbacks, such as the lack of automation in the collecting of street waste data and the lack of real-time street cleanliness data. Finally, the findings are fed into a framework for calculating street cleanliness, which allows for the visualisation of street cleanliness. Cleanliness levels are maintained at a high level, making it easier for city managers to schedule clean-up crews.

Future Perfect

Future Perfect

Design and Manufacturing Analysis of Multi-purpose Vertical baler/trash Compactor Machine

Humans have always had an impact on their surroundings. Solid waste is one of our biggest effects on nature. Unlike other animals, humans create too much waste for nature to keep up. With the continually rising of the earth’s population, the situation is going to get harder and harder to slow it down, or fix it. With garbage pollutioncomes; from the burning of garbage we are destroying the atmosphere just as fast as we are just leaving the garbage on the ground. When you burn garbage it gives off extremely poisonous gases into the atmosphere. If a person breathes this air it can hurt their lungs and if untreated can result in cancers or even death. Even if we burry our garbage not all of it will decompose, as there are some material needs centuries to decompose. By polluting the ground it can seep into our farming soil and even into our ground water, which can cause dramatic consequences.Compacting trashes is considered a great solution for the problem of throwing garbage as it was examined in well developed countries and solved the problem of thrown garbage in the streets or burning extra garbage which is the same problem that each developing countryis facing, and in result it also reduce the pollution amount due to the smoke of burning garbage and the diseases caused because of the uncovered garbage in streets where people walk through and others live nearby

Open waste burning causes fast and sharp changes in particulate concentrations in peripheral neighborhoods

The open burning of municipal solid waste (MSW) –frequently observed in developing countries– emits harmful pollutants, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC), and deteriorates the air quality in urban areas. This work reports on PM2.5 and BC measurements (fixed and mobile) conducted in a residential neighborhood on the outskirts of a Brazilian city (Londrina), complemented by a public opinion survey to understand the open burning in the context of waste management. Mean (± standard deviation) BC concentration (1.48 ± 1.40 μg m−3) at the fixed sites of the neighborhood was lower than downtown, while PM2.5 (9.68 ± 8.40 μg m−3) concentration was higher. The mobile monitoring showed higher mean PM2.5 concentrations but lower BC/PM2.5 ratios than downtown, with sharp and fast spikes (up to 317.87 and 565.21 μg m−3 for BC and PM2.5, respectively). The large spatial heterogeneity of particulate concentrations was associated with the occurrence of MSW burning events. Our observations were verified by the survey respondents who identified poor waste management practices: garbage in streets, waste burning, and illegal dump sites. Even though the area has a municipal waste collection service, the majority of the respondents (87%) had seen waste burning close to their homes on a weekly basis, and think that people burn waste out of habit (54%) and because they are not patient to wait for the collection services (67%). To combat this illegal practice, we suggest raising the public awareness through campaigns at local level, adopting education initiatives and economic incentives for correct waste segregation, and enforcing regular inspection of burning events by the authorities. Our research method proved to be a time- and cost-effective approach for mapping particulate concentrations and for identifying undesirable waste practices, and could be effectively applied to other global cities.

Urban Street Cleanliness Assessment Using Mobile Edge Computing and Deep Learning

During the process of smart city construction, city managers always spend a lot of energy and money for cleaning street garbage due to the random appearances of street garbage. Consequently, visual street cleanliness assessment is particularly important. However, the existing assessment approaches have some clear disadvantages, such as the collection of street garbage information is not automated and street cleanliness information is not real-time. To address these disadvantages, this paper proposes a novel urban street cleanliness assessment approach using mobile edge computing and deep learning. First, the high-resolution cameras installed on vehicles collect the street images. Mobile edge servers are used to store and extract street image information temporarily. Second, these processed street data is transmitted to the cloud data center for analysis through city networks. At the same time, Faster Region-Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) is used to identify the street garbage categories and count the number of garbage. Finally, the results are incorporated into the street cleanliness calculation framework to ultimately visualize the street cleanliness levels, which provides convenience for city managers to arrange clean-up personnel effectively. The overall approach is illustrated and visualized using the street images of Jiangning District in Nanjing, China. The practical application shows the feasibility and usability of the approach.

Stray animal populations and public health in the South Mediterranean and the Middle East regions.

Uncontrolled urban growth in South Mediterranean and the Middle East regions involves city dwellers and stray animals (mainly dogs and cats) creating a dense and downgraded environment, in which irregular street garbage collection disposes sufficient food for survival and proliferation of stray animals. Under such conditions serious public health hazards are expected due to the increase of animal bites, the multiplication of insects and rodents vectors of different viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic agents to which humans are exposed. Traditional national stray animal eradication programs and occasional small animals' humane elimination campaigns are insufficient to avert human and veterinary health risks when not coupled with modern technologies. In such environments, multiple foci of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses easily spread, i.e. rabies, hydatidosis, leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis. Upgrading urban and peri-urban situations requires integrated/coordinated management programmes, in which public and animal health services as well as municipalities have a crucial role. Control and upgrading programmes should be flexible and able to adapt to the specific conditions of the given country/region. In this context, intersectoral/interprofessional collaborations and community participation are crucial for any national and regional development strategies. In this respect, a global approach considering both public health and socio-economic problems shows to be extremely adequate and effective.

An Analysis of Socioeconomic Conditions of Street Vendors:

Street vendors play a significant role to fulfill the demands of urban dwellers in Dhaka – the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. This paper attempts to gain insight into the businesses of street vendors as well as their impacts on our society. A large number of people are directly and indirectly engaged with this profession and are contributing to the economy of Bangladesh. Three ideas constitute the central message of this study. Firstly, a large number of people are generating income through street vending which helps them and their families. Secondly, street vendors are a source of employment as they occupy a large part of informal sector in Dhaka city. Thirdly, street vendors offer intense services for the city dwellers within reasonable cost range. But because of street vendors, some unfavorable effects are also visible such as lack of formalization and weak management system, which create problems in urban areas by producing street garbage and gathering crowd on the footpath. By the implementation of proper public management system, street vendors would become a role model for urban dwellers of Dhaka city

Hundelorte, cigaretskodder og pizzabakker

<p><strong>Dog shit, cigarette butts and pizza boxes</strong></p> <p>The garbage found on city streets reflects the consumption patterns of a city and its street life. At one time, horse droppings were left in the streets of Copenhagen, and no one seemed to take any notice. The waste from the horses was considered to be an unavoidable part of city life. The malodorous stench coming from the filthy gutters and the sewage created by craftsmen and shopkeepers, however, were cause for complaint. Today, a few greasy discarded pizza boxes can lead to major campaigns, and fag butts have become more and more visible as garbage, despite the fact that fewer of them are being tossed on the streets.</p> <p>The garbage on Copenhagen’s streets and the municipality’s different strategies to handle it suggest that the concept of “street garbage” is difficult to grasp. There is no obvious connection between the street garbage that a citizen finds problematic and the amount of the garbage that is actually found on the street. Some types of street garbage are considered to be more disgusting or morally troublesome than others. The city’s campaigns against street garbage and the way that garbage is categorised also contribute to people’s opinions. The Clean City campaigns (<em>Ren By kampagnerne</em>) that took place in 1987 are particularly interesting to analyse because, on the one hand, they reflect the city’s ongoing efforts to utilise new strategies to keep the city clean; on the other hand, these campaigns demonstrate how difficult it can be to manoeuvre between divergent political positions and ways of analyzing the problem while also considering economic priorities and changing cultural values.</p> <p>The city’s street garbage – no matter how practical and simple a problem it may seem to be – proves difficult for a city like Copenhagen to manage and find effective solutions for because the concept of “street garbage” is constantly changing, just like the everyday routines of the city’s residents and the city’s technological capabilities.</p>

EVALUATION OF BLOOD LEAD AND CADMIUM STATUS IN SHEEP GRAZING ON STREET GARBAGE IN ASSUIT GAVERNORATE,

The goal of the present study is to evaluate blood lead and cadmium status in sheep grazing on street garbage. A total number of 30 ewes (2 – 3 years old) were subjected to study. Animals were classified into two groups, the first group (No.= 20) included animals grazed on street garbage in Egypt, the second group (No.= 10) were selected from sheep lived indoor at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt. Blood lead concentration was 1.44 ± 0.16 (ppm) in the street garbage group and was 0.38 ± 0.17 (ppm) in the Indoor group. Blood cadmium concentration was 0.16 ± 0.02 (ppm) in the street Garbage group and was 0.008 ± 0.004 (ppm) in the Indoor group. Statistical comparison of the two groups revealed that street garbage group had a higher blood lead and cadmium concentrations than the indoor group. In conclusion, the increased blood lead and cadmium in sheep grazing on street garbage indicated the continuous exposure to the two elements and bear significant health hazard on the health condition of animals and on human health.

An Analysis of Socioeconomic Conditions of Street Vendors:

Street vendors play a significant role to fulfill the demands of urban dwellers in Dhaka – the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. This paper attempts to gain insight into the businesses of street vendors as well as their impacts on our society. A large number of people are directly and indirectly engaged with this profession and are contributing to the economy of Bangladesh. Three ideas constitute the central message of this study. Firstly, a large number of people are generating income through street vending which helps them and their families. Secondly, street vendors are a source of employment as they occupy a large part of informal sector in Dhaka city. Thirdly, street vendors offer intense services for the city dwellers within reasonable cost range. But because of street vendors, some unfavorable effects are also visible such as lack of formalization and weak management system, which create problems in urban areas by producing street garbage and gathering crowd on the footpath. By the implementation of proper public management system, street vendors would become a role model for urban dwellers of Dhaka city.

A Lucky American

Comfortably, I sit here and write, not having to search the street garbage cans for morsels to eat, not having to watch every step for the AK-47 that is aimed at my head. Who am I to speak of the glories of America when I have relatives across the Atlantic, in the often forgotten sands of Cairo and Upper Egypt, which have to fight for every breath of life? Who am I to proclaim the Great American Dream when I have enough education in diction to even write this essay, when I have the most fortunate chance to make something great of myself? Until one sees the slums of the world, will one even remotely fathom the paradise we have in America. Until one has a cousin nearly die in a terrorist attack or have a friend have to hold his dead uncle in his heart because of the blind knife of a thoughtless fanatic, can one even remotely comprehend the blessing of not just life but an AMERICAN life.