MY wife and I reached Leningrad early in July, and left for England about the middle of September. In the interval we journeyed in Siberia so far as Lake Baikal, to Archan in the Buriat Republic, and to Tashkent in Usbekistan (Russian Turkestan). We visited the old town of Tashkent, where the women are veiled and the general aspect of things recalls the times of the Arabian Nights, until we notice the street cars, and entering a large mosque, find it converted into a cinema theatre, just then producing the American film ‘Speed.’ We travelled far on the railways, more often in the ‘hard’ than the ‘soft’ cars, in one case for ten days, and talked with all sorts of fellow passengers, getting a good idea of the state of public opinion. We took long journeys in the springless country carts, seated on a small quantity of hay; and we slept in the houses of the peasants. Thus, although the time was short, we got a fairly good idea of the condition of affairs in U.S.S.R. We were, however, on a strictly scientific mission, and what I have to say relates only to scientific work. The extent and variety of the biological investigations and institutions was greater than we could have supposed, and it seems worth while to give some account of what we saw.