Streamflow-gaging Stations Research Articles

Evaluation of the impacts of hydrologic model calibration methods on predictability of ecologically-relevant hydrologic indices

Due to the significant costs associated with stream health monitoring, hydrological modeling is widely used to calculate ecologically-relevant hydrologic indices to better understand the overall condition of streams within large and diverse watersheds. However, hydrologic modeling’s ability to replicate these indices is limited, especially when calibrating models by optimizing a single objective function or when selecting a single optimal solution. Hence, this study evaluates the performance of multi-objective model calibration in representing 167 hydrologic indices of ecological interest using the median values of different Pareto-optimal solution sets. For this purpose, two strategies based on three Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiencies (NSE), and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) with explicit hydrograph partitioning, were implemented. Additionally, the k-means clustering technique was employed to define subsets of Pareto-optimal solutions representing high, medium, and low flow conditions. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was set up for the Honeyoey Creek-Pine Creek Watershed, located in Michigan, USA, and was calibrated using a single streamflow gauging station and the recently proposed multi-objective optimization algorithm – Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III). The results show that the NSE- and RMSE-based calibration strategies can represent 128 and 123 indices within a range of ±30% relative errors, respectively. In addition, the results of this study demonstrated that using different set of solutions, instead of a single optimal solution, introduces more flexibility in the predictability of different hydrologic indices of ecological interest. Moreover, it is suggested that a multi-objective calibration approach allows the systematic identification of groups of poorly represented and closely related indices. Knowing these poorly represented indices would facilitate the formulation of additional objective functions intended to improve model performance or to detect structural inadequacies.

Future climate and cryosphere impacts on the hydrology of a scarcely gauged catchment on the Jhelum river basin, Northern Pakistan

Streamflow projections are fundamental sources for future water resources strategic planning and management, particularly in high-altitude scarcely-gauged basins located in high mountain Asia. Therefore, quantification of the climate change impacts on major hydrological components (evapotranspiration, soil water storage, snowmelt-runoff, rainfall-runoff and streamflow) is of high importance and remains a challenge. For this purpose, we analysed general circulation models (GCMs) using a multiple bias correction approach and two different hydrological models i.e. the Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS) and the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM), to examine the impact of climate change on the hydrological behaviour of the Jhelum River basin. Based on scrutiny, climate projections using four best fit CMIP5 GCMs (i.e. BCC-CSM1.1, INMCM4, IPSL-CM5A-LR and CMCC-CMS) were chosen by evaluating linear scaling, local intensity scaling (LOCI) and distribution mapping (DM) approaches at twenty climate stations. Subsequently, after calibration and validation of HEC-HMS and SRM at five streamflow gauging stations, the bias corrected projected climate data was integrated with HEC-HMS and SRM to simulate projected streamflow. Results demonstrate that the DM approach fitted the projections best. The climate projections exhibited maximum intra-annual rises in precipitation by 183.2 mm (12.74%) during the monsoon for RCP4.5 and a rise in Tmin (Tmax) by 4.77 °C (4.42 °C) during pre-monsoon, for RCP8.5 during 2090s. The precipitation and temperature rise is expected to expedite and increase snowmelt-runoff up to 48% and evapotranspiration and soil water storage up to 45%. The projections exhibited significant increases in streamflows by 330 m3/s (22.6%) for HEC-HMS and 449 m3/s (30.7%) for SRM during the pre-monfaf0000soon season by the 2090s under RCP8.5. Overall, our results reveal that the pre-monsoon season is potentially utmost affected under scenario-periods, and consequently, which has the potential to alter the precipitation and flow regime of the Jhelum River basin due to significant early snow- and glacier-melt.

A method for extending stage-discharge relationships using a hydrodynamic model and quantifying the associated uncertainty

Streamflow discharge is a fundamental dataset required to effectively manage water and land resources. However, developing robust stage – discharge relationships called rating curves, from which streamflow discharge is derived, is time consuming and costly, particularly in remote areas and especially at high stage levels. As a result stage – discharge relationships are often heavily extrapolated. Hydrodynamic (HD) models are physically based models used to simulate the flow of water along river channels and over adjacent floodplains. In this paper we demonstrate a method by which a HD model can be used to generate a ‘synthetic’ stage – discharge relationship at high stages. The method uses a both-side Box-Cox transformation to calibrate the synthetic rating curve such that the regression residuals are as close to the normal distribution as possible. By doing this both-side transformation, the statistical uncertainty in the synthetically derived stage – discharge relationship can be calculated. This enables people trying to make decisions to determine whether the uncertainty in the synthetically generated rating curve at high stage levels is acceptable for their decision. The proposed method is demonstrated in two streamflow gauging stations in north Queensland, Australia.

A recharge-discharge water budget and evaluation of water budgets for the Edwards Aquifer associated with Barton Springs

The Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer represents a small, relatively independent part of the aquifer. Data for the sources of recharge and especially for discharge from the aquifer are well documented. Based on a 6-year water budget of surface recharge and surface discharge, the volumes match within 5%, which is within the potential error limits of the recharge and discharge values. Recharge volumes include increased runoff due to urbanization in the recharge area. A previous water budget based on an earlier period also displayed a balance between recharge and discharge volumes. Both budgets are based on slightly “wetter” than long-term mean recharge and discharge conditions, thus subsurface recharge from south of the aquifer segment, which is documented to occur during dry conditions, was an insignificant source of recharge during the budget periods. The recharge volumes are based on data from streamflow gaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey. However, one of the stations (Bear Creek near Brodie Lane) was discontinued in 2010; this station is needed to calculate recharge volumes on Bear Creek and Little Bear Creek. Because of the discontinuance of the station, any calculations of recharge volumes after 2010 would contain substantial potential error. Citation: Slade RM, 2017. A recharge-discharge water budget and evaluation of water budgets for the Edwards Aquifer associated with Barton Springs. Texas Water Journal. 8(1):42-56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v8i1.7020.

Estimation of Instantaneous Peak Flow Using Machine-Learning Models and Empirical Formula in Peninsular Spain

The design of hydraulic structures and flood risk management is often based on instantaneous peak flow (IPF). However, available flow time series with high temporal resolution are scarce and of limited length. A correct estimation of the IPF is crucial to reducing the consequences derived from flash floods, especially in Mediterranean countries. In this study, empirical methods to estimate the IPF based on maximum mean daily flow (MMDF), artificial neural networks (ANN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) have been compared. These methods have been applied in 14 different streamflow gauge stations covering the diversity of flashiness conditions found in Peninsular Spain. Root-mean-square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) have been used as evaluation criteria. The results show that: (1) the Fuller equation and its regionalization is more accurate and has lower error compared with other empirical methods; and (2) ANFIS has demonstrated a superior ability to estimate IPF compared to any empirical formula.

Changes in cold region flood regimes inferred from long‐record reference gauging stations

AbstractVariability and nonstationarity in flood regimes of cold regions are examined using data from hydrometric reference streamflow gauging stations from 27 natural watersheds in Canada and adjacent areas of the United States. Choosing stations from reference networks with nearly 100 years of data allows for the investigation of changes that span several phases of some of the atmospheric drivers that may influence flood behavior. The reference hydrologic networks include only stations considered to have good quality data and were screened to avoid the influences of regulation, diversions, or land use change. Changes and variations in flood regimes are complex and require a multifaceted approach to properly characterize the types of changes that have occurred and are likely to occur in the future. Peaks over threshold (POT) data are extracted from daily flow data for each watershed, and changes to the magnitude, timing, frequency, volume, and duration of threshold exceedences are investigated. Seasonal statistics are used to explore changes in the nature of the flood regime based on changes in the timing of flood threshold exceedences. A variety of measures are developed to infer flood regime shifts including from a nival regime to a mixed regime and a mixed regime to a more pluvial‐dominated regime. The flood regime at many of the watersheds demonstrates increased prominence of rainfall floods and decreased prevalence of snowmelt contributions to flood responses. While some individual stations show a relationship between flood variables and climate indices, these relationships are generally weak.

Web-Based BFlow System for the Assessment of Streamflow Characteristics at National Level

Distinct seasonal characteristics of monsoon climate significantly affect river streamflow in South Korea. The roles of direct runoff and baseflow on streamflow have become more important to ecosystems and human communities in various watersheds of South Korea. Understanding river characteristics, including direct runoff and baseflow, is the first step of river management and can make a significant contribution to maintaining a sustainable and effective river environment. In this regard, this study involves twin objectives: (1) developing the web-based BFlow system to gain advantages in the time and effort required relative to the DOS (Disk Operation System)-based BFlow program; and (2) assessing the contributions of baseflow and direct runoff to streamflow for river management at the national level. For this, we investigated all streamflow gauge stations in South Korea and, then, used the BFlow program to separate baseflow from the available streamflow data. The results showed that baseflow index for 254 streamflow gauge stations ranged from 0.28 to 0.89. Gauge stations with a baseflow index greater than 0.5 accounted for 64% of total stations. The web-based system developed in this study is a more MS (Microsoft) user-friendly version of BFlow. Furthermore, this study illustrated that high baseflow indexes were generally found at gauge stations with a low coefficient of variation of streamflow. The web-based BFlow system will provide understanding to strategically control rivers and improve the efficiency and safety of river management at the national level.

Spatial variability of the parameters of a semi-distributed hydrological model

Abstract. Ideally, semi-distributed hydrologic models should provide better streamflow simulations than lumped models, along with spatially-relevant water resources management solutions. However, the spatial distribution of model parameters raises issues related to the calibration strategy and to the identifiability of the parameters. To analyse these issues, we propose to base the evaluation of a semi-distributed model not only on its performance at streamflow gauging stations, but also on the spatial and temporal pattern of the optimised value of its parameters. We implemented calibration over 21 rolling periods and 64 catchments, and we analysed how well each parameter is identified in time and space. Performance and parameter identifiability are analysed comparatively to the calibration of the lumped version of the same model. We show that the semi-distributed model faces more difficulties to identify stable optimal parameter sets. The main difficulty lies in the identification of the parameters responsible for the closure of the water balance (i.e. for the particular model investigated, the intercatchment groundwater flow parameter).

Analysis of Flow Characteristics in Upstream Channel depending on Water Gate Operation of Nakdan Multi Functional Weir

This study, examines the flow characteristics of upstream channel depending on water gate operation of Nakdan Multi-fuctional weir. The specific purpose of this study are to simulate the variation of flow velocity depending on the operation of the weir using 1-dimensional hydraulic model, HEC-RAS, and compare it with observed velocity. For discharge conditions from 50 ㎥/s to 3,500 ㎥/s, it is observed that the velocity of upstream channel is almost constant, whereas for probability flood discharge, the velocity and froude number are increased as the discharge values are increased. The velocity values for downstream boundary condition EL, 40.0 m are more decreased than those for EL. 40.5m. From comparison on the variation of water stage depending on water gate operation, it is observed that the stage values are almost constant for discharges below 300 ㎥/s, whereas 5 cm to 20 cm for discharges over 700 ㎥/s. Flow velocity at streamflow gauging station. Nakdong, is decreased by more than 875% after installing the weir. The results obtained from this study indicate that the velocity of upstream channel is decreased and the discharge and velocity of downstream channel are significantly varied after installing the weir.

Trends in hydrological and climatic variables affected by four variations of the Mann-Kendall approach in Urmia Lake basin, Iran

ABSTRACTThe trends in hydrological and climatic time series data of Urmia Lake basin in Iran were examined using the four different versions of the Mann-Kendall (MK) approach: (i) the original MK test; (ii) the MK test considering the effect of lag-1 autocorrelation; (iii) the MK test considering the effect of all autocorrelation or sample size; and (iv) the MK test considering the Hurst coefficient. Identification of hydrological and climatic data trends was carried out at monthly and annual time scales for 25 temperature, 35 precipitation and 35 streamflow gauging stations selected from the Urmia Lake basin. Mann-Kendall and Pearson tests were also applied to explore the relationships between temperature, precipitation and streamflow trends. The results show statistically significant upward and downward trends in the annual and monthly hydrological and climatic variables. The upward trends in temperature, unlike streamflow, are much more pronounced than the downward trends, but for precipitation the behaviour of trend is different on monthly and annual time scales. Furthermore, the trend results were affected by the different approaches. Specifically, the number of stations showing trends in hydrological and climatic variables decreased significantly (up to 50%) when the fourth test was considered instead of the first and the absolute value of the Z statistic for most of the time series was reduced. The results of correlations between streamflow and climatic variables showed that the streamflow in Urmia Lake basin is more sensitive to changes in temperature than those of precipitation. The observed decreases in streamflow and increases in temperature in the Urmia Lake basin in recent decades may thus have serious implications for water resources management under the warming climate with the expected population growth and increased freshwater consumption in this region.Editor Z. W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor Q. Zhang

Streamflow Trends and Responses to Climate Variability and Land Cover Change in South Dakota

Trends in high, moderate, and low streamflow conditions from United States Geological Survey (USGS) gauging stations were evaluated for a period of 1951–2013 for 18 selected watersheds in South Dakota (SD) using a modified Mann-Kendall test. Rainfall trends from 21 rainfall observation stations located within 20-km of the streamflow gauging stations were also evaluated for the same study period. The concept of elasticity was used to examine sensitivity of streamflow to variation in rainfall and land cover (i.e., grassland) in the study watersheds. Results indicated significant increasing trends in seven of the studied streams (of which five are in the east and two are located in the west), nine with slight increasing trends, and two with decreasing trends for annual streamflow. About half of the streams exhibited significant increasing trends in low and moderate flow conditions compared to high flow conditions. Ten rainfall stations showed slight increasing trends and seven showed decreasing trends for annual rainfall. Streamflow elasticity analysis revealed that streamflow was highly influenced by rainfall across the state (five of eastern streams and seven of western streams). Based on this analysis, a 10% increase in annual rainfall would result in 11%–30% increase in annual streamflow in more than 60% of SD streams. While streamflow appears to be more sensitive to rainfall across the state, high sensitivity of streamflow to rapid decrease in grassland area was detected in two western watersheds. This study provides valuable insight into of the relationship between streamflow, climate, and grassland cover in SD and would support further research and stakeholder decision making about water resources.

Role of Watershed Geomorphic Characteristics on Flooding in Indiana, United States

AbstractDespite the documented evidence of geomorphic characteristics on flooding, an understanding of the relative effects of the geomorphic characteristics on flooding remains elusive. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between flooding and geomorphic characteristics in Indiana, United States, by using data at 94 streamflow gauging stations. The flood magnitude as determined through the flash flood index is categorized into three groups, including moderate, extreme, and severe. The flood in each group is then related to geomorphic characteristics, including topography, morphometry, slope, land use, soil, channel network, and aspect through stepwise regression. Results show that extreme flooding is most affected by watershed morphometry, particularly watershed length, whereas severe flooding is most affected by watershed slope and land use type. The methodology used in this study also highlights that the stronger the severity of flooding, the more it is explained by geomorphic...

Evaluation of monotonic trends for streamflow in austral Amazon, Brazil: a case study for the Xingu and Tapajós rivers

Abstract. This paper has the goal of evaluating monotonic trends in the Xingu and Tapajós river basins in the Austral Amazon region, Brazil. Non-parametric statistical tests such as Mann–Kendall, Bootstrap Mann–Kendall, Sen and Bootstrap Sen are applied on streamflow gauging stations data, to determine the significance and magnitude of possible trends. Data in these river basins is relatively scarce, with time series ranging from twenty to forty years, having many gaps. Former studies indicate a decreasing trend for both annual average and minimum streamflow values in the Tapajós river basin, with 99% confidence level, and a decrease in maximum values in the Xingu river basin, with 90% confidence level. However, past analyses have only used one station near the basin outlet. This study uses data from 7 gauging stations in the Xingu basin and 14 stations in the Tapajós basin. Results indicate opposite trends at the 95% confidence level for different regions in the basins, and for different flow regimes. For the Xingu river basin, trends in the minimum flow for different sub-basins even out at the Altamira station, near its outlet. For the Tapajós river, the southeastern part of the basin has increasing trends, while the southwestern part decreases. At the Itaituba station, they also balance out.

한강수계의 하천에 대한 직접유출과 기저유출의 기여도 정량화

River characteristics in South Korea has been affected by seasonal climatic variability due to climate change and by remarkable land cover change due to rapid economic growth. In this regard, the roles of river management is getting more important to eco-system and human community in watersheds of South Korea. Understanding river characteristics including direct runoff and baseflow, the first step of river management, can give a significant contribution to sustainable river environment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to quantify the contributions of the direct runoff and baseflow to river streamflow. For this, we used the BFLOW and WHAT programs to conduct baseflow separation for 71 streamflow gauge stations in Han River system, South Korea. The results showed that baseflow index for 71 stations ranges from 0.42 to 0.78. Also, gauge stations which have baseflow index more than 0.5 occupied 76% of a total stations. However, baseflow index can be overestimated due to human impacts such as discharge from dams, reservoirs, and lakes. This study will be used as fundamental information to understand river characteristics in river management at the national level.

Comparison of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations and particle-size distributions measured with in-stream laser diffraction and in physical samples

Laser-diffraction technology, recently adapted for in-stream measurement of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) and particle-size distributions (PSDs), was tested with a streamlined (SL), isokinetic version of the Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) for measuring volumetric SSCs and PSDs ranging from 1.8 to 415 μm in 32 log-spaced size classes. Measured SSCs and PSDs from the LISST-SL were compared to a suite of 22 data sets (262 samples in all) of concurrent suspended-sediment and streamflow measurements using a physical sampler and acoustic Doppler current profiler collected during 2010–2012 at 16 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Illinois and Washington (basin areas: 38–69,264 km2). An unrealistically low computed effective density (mass SSC/volumetric SSC) of 1.24 g/mL (95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.45 g/mL) provided the best-fit value (R2 = 0.95; RMSE = 143 mg/L) for converting volumetric SSC to mass SSC for over two orders of magnitude of SSC (12–2,170 mg/L; covering a substantial range of SSC that can be measured by the LISST-SL) despite being substantially lower than the sediment particle density of 2.67 g/mL (range: 2.56–2.87 g/mL, 23 samples). The PSDs measured by the LISST-SL were in good agreement with those derived from physical samples over the LISST-SL's measureable size range. Technical and operational limitations of the LISST-SL are provided to facilitate the collection of more accurate data in the future. Additionally, the spatial and temporal variability of SSC and PSD measured by the LISST-SL is briefly described to motivate its potential for advancing our understanding of suspended-sediment transport by rivers.

수계별 주요 유량 지점에 대한 강수량과 기저유출 기여도 분석

Abstract Streamflow is typically divided into two components that are direct runoff and baseflow, it is required to analyze and estimate behaviors of those two flow components to understand watershed characteristics so that watershed management plan can be effective in pollutant reductions. Since pollutant load behaviors in a stream or river are variable by flow component behaviors , best management practices need to be applied in a watershed based on the pollutant load behaviors varying with flow components. Thus, baseflow behaviors were analyzed separating baseflow from streamflow data collected from fifteen streamflow gaging stations in the 4 major river watersheds which are the Han river, Nakdong river, Guem river, and Yeongsan·Somjin river watersheds. Moreover, precipitation trends throughout the 4 River Systems were investigated, thus daily precipitation data were collected from sixty-five locations. The Hank river watershed displayed the largest precipitation (925.2 mm) in summer but the lowest precipitation (71.8 mm) in winter, indicating the watershed has the most fluctuating precipitation characteristic. While the precipitation trends in the Four River Systems varied, a distinct feature in baseflow trends was not found, moreover baseflow percentages to streamflow were typically greater than 50% in the Four River Systems. As shown in this study, it would be expected significant amount of pollutants could be contributed to the stream in the form of baseflow at the watershed.

Hydrologic response of a tropical watershed to urbanization

Summary Urbanization has profound influence on the hydrologic response of landscapes. Urban transformation affects the storages and processes that determine the generation of hydrologic fluxes. It also changes the time-scales associated with hydrologic processes. Shifts in hydrologic response of the watershed unit due to urban transformation may be more complex than the simple linear mixing (weighted sum) of responses from the urbanized and non-urbanized fractions of the landscape. This may especially be the case for tropical watersheds where the precipitation forcing of the watershed is frequent and intense – interacting with the shifting time-scales and changing storages with increasing urbanization. In this study, a fully distributed hydrological model (MOBIDIC) that captures hydrologic dynamics during storms and interstorms is applied in order to characterize the potentially nonlinear response of a tropical watershed to urban transformation. Indices that quantify the departures from linear response are introduced and used to test the effects of urbanization on different hydrologic processes and fluxes in a mixed (urban and non-urban) watershed. The tropical Kranji watershed in Singapore is used in this study. Fortunately two sub-watersheds within Kranji that have streamflow gaging stations are well-suited for the calibration of the model. One sub-watershed is nearly fully urbanized and another is pristine (non-urban). As a result the contrasting components (urban and non-urban) can be calibrated in the model. The simulation system is then used to assess the hydrologic response due to changing levels of urbanization. For some fluxes and storages, the hydrologic response due to changing urban fraction cannot be simply predicted from a linear mixing model.

Simulation of Nitrate Concentration Affected from Land Use Changes in the Lower Part of Yom River Basin,Thailand: A Preliminary Study

The Lower Yom River Basin is located in the north of Thailand. This study carried out to calibrate and validate using SWAT model in terms of streamflow and sediment concentration hydrographs (Year 2000-2012) for 3 RID streamflow gauging stations (the Royal Irrigation Department). The nitrates concentrations simulate have been influenced of land use changes during last ten years. Optimal values of model parameters derived from calibration and validation processes, which showed well fitted between observed and simulated results. In the last decade, particular in Lower Yom River, the land use change gradually transformed to be more paddy field and has been increased 127.48 km2 (approx. 0.87% increase), followed by urban area, which has been increased 196.66 km2 (approx. 1.35% increase), respectively. Average monthly concentration of nitrate increased 38.28 mg/l (approx.13.40 % increase), 43.17 mg/l (approx.12.00% increase), 43.02 mg/l (approx. 8.60% increase) at station Y.6, Y.4 and Y.17, respectively. Accordingly, on the basis of the results presented in this study, land use changes can significantly affect on concentrations of nitrate.

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD ROUTING MODELS FOR WANG RIVER BASIN

Nowadays, severe flooding frequently occurs in various parts of Thailand resulted from changes in climatic condition and land use patterns. The flooding has caused great damages to properties and lives and affects country economy. Experience from the most severe flooding in the northern and central regions of Thailand in the year 2011 reveals that reliable flood warning system is still lagging. For flood warning purpose, it is necessary to have an accurate flood routing system. This study is aimed at developing mathematical models for flood routing so as to provide data for flood warning. Two different models are developed, i.e., kinematic overland flow model and kinematic stream flow model. The finite element method with Galerkin’s weighted residual technique is used in model development. The second-order Runge-Kutta method is applied to solve the set of differential equations obtained from finite element formulation. The developed models are applied to simulate flows in the Wang river basin in the northern region of Thailand during July 1 – October 31, 2011 when severe flooding occurred in this region. Model calibration is made by adjusting some parameters in the models and comparing the obtained results with measured data recorded by RID at 5 stream flow gauge stations along the Wang river. For correlation analysis, three statistical indices are determined, these include coefficient of determination, R2 , Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient, NSE, and coefficient of variation of the root mean square error, CV(RMSE). It is found that the model results at the upstream portion of the river satisfactorily agree with the observed data, with the values of R2 greater than 0.55 and CV(RMSE) less than 0.57. For the downstream portion of the river, there are remarkable differences between the model results and the observed data. The values of R2 are less than 0.35, CV(RMSE) greater than 0.76, and the NSE values are less than 0.16. This might be due to some errors in the input data, including rainfall pattern, topography, land use, river cross-sectional area, and water seepage along the river. More detailed field investigation and model calibration are still needed.

충주댐 유역 홍수추적을 위한 소백산 레이더 강우자료의 적용성 검토

본 연구는 충주댐 유역(<TEX>$6,625.8km^2$</TEX>)을 대상으로 지점강우와 소백산 이중편파 레이더강우자료를 격자기반 분포형 강우-유출 모형인 KIMSTORM(KIneMatic wave STOrm Runoff Model)에 적용하여 홍수추적을 수행하여 레이더의 적용성을 검토하였다. 2012년 4개의 강우 이벤트(집중호우, 카눈, 볼라벤, 산바)에 대하여 한강홍수통제소로부터 보정된 소백산 레이더 강우자료를 제공받아 사용하였다. 레이더 강우와 지점 강우를 비교분석한 결과, 41개 지점의 지상강우보다 레이더의 면적평균강우량을 비교한 결과, 강우의 시공간적 패턴은 상당히 일치하였고 지상강우에 대한 레이더 강우의 비율은 0.97로 분석되었다. 이후 분포형 홍수추적을 위해 KIMSTORM을 이용하였으며, 격자크기 <TEX>$500{\times}500m$</TEX> 해상도의 198행<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>231열의 총 45,738개의 셀로 모형을 구축하였다. KIMSTORM 모형의 보정 결과, 평균 <TEX>$R^2$</TEX>(coefficient of determination), ME(model efficiency), VCI(volume conservation index)는 지상강우의 경우, 각각 0.83, 0.68, 1.10로 분석되었고, 레이더강우의 경우는 각각 0.80, 0.62, 1.08의 결과를 보였다. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the availability of dual-polarization radar rain for flood routing in Chungju Dam watershed(<TEX>$6,625.8km^2$</TEX>) using KIMSTORM (Grid-based KIneMatic wave STOrm Runoff Model). The Sobaek dual-polarization radar data for 1 heavy rain and 3 typhoon(Khanun, Bolaven, and Sanba) events in 2012 were obtained from Han River Flood Control Office. The spatio-temporal patterns between the two data were similar showing the ratio of radar rain to ground rain with 0.97. The KIMSTORM was set to <TEX>$500{\times}500m$</TEX> resolution and a total of 45,738 cells(198 rows<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>231 columns) for the watershed. For radar rain and 41 ground rains, the model was independently calibrated using discharge data at 3 streamflow gauging stations(YW1, YC, and CJD) with coefficient of determination(<TEX>$R^2$</TEX>), Nash and Sutcliffe Model Efficiency(ME), and Volume Conservation Index(VCI). The <TEX>$R^2$</TEX>, ME, and VCI 0.80, 0.62 and 1.08 for radar rain and 0.83, 0.68 and 1.10 for ground rain respectively.