Because of intensive weathering, poor exposures and thick vegetation, surficial geochemical mapping is a valuable tool in the southeastern United States. Stream sediment and stream water geochemical data collected during the late 1970's as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program has recently been mapped and analyzed by the Georgia Geologic Survey with the aid of a GIS. Results indicate that bedrock geology and mineralization are the most important variables which influence the stream sediment and stream water geochemistry. Anthropogenic sources influence the geochemistry to a lesser and more localized extent. Geochemical mapping in Georgia has been used to define: (1) the background geochemistry of major river basins for river basin management planning; (2) rock units which have the highest radon potential in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge; (3) geochemical patterns that are related to regional and local geologic units and structures; and (4) geochemical anomalies related to known or previously unidentified mineralization. Geochemical anomalies identified and defined by the NURE data indicate five heavy mineral belts in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Coastal Plain provinces, Mississippi Valley-type mineralization in the Valley and Ridge province, and base-metal (and perhaps Pt-group) mineralization associated with mafic metavolcanic rocks, layered mafic intrusions and a regional magnetic high in the Piedmont province.