Stream Of Commerce Research Articles

Углеродные единицы как объект гражданских прав

Federal Law No. 296-ФЗ on Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions dd. July 2, 2021, was adopted to implement the Paris Climate Agreement adopted at the 21st UN Conference and meant to reduce the carbon footprint. The Law introduces a new article into the stream of commerce, “carbon units”, which can be transferred to another person under a contract. Taking into consideration the novelty of this object of civil rights, the article reviews the possibility of referring carbon units to the existing objects of civil rights as per Article 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, proposes an approach to the legal regulation of carbon unit transfer contracts, and analyzes the possibility of circulation of carbon units at exchanges.

“Good-looking step” in “bad direction” – RBI Internal Working Group proposal

Learning outcomes After discussing this case, the authors expect that the students will have the following learnings: critically analyse the latest Reserve Bank of India (RBI) banking proposal, which was proposed by the Internal Working Group (IWG) in November 2020. Understand concepts such as connected lending, crony capitalism and financial crisis. Have a basic idea about the Banking Regulations Act, 1949 and regulatory framework in the Indian banking sector. Case overview/synopsis This case is an analysis of the recent RBI proposal on banking regulations in India. The authors have referred secondary data in terms of published papers by stalwarts and experts in the banking and economics field. This case analyses the pros and cons of the IWG proposal to RBI governing body. The case also touches upon interesting banking and macroeconomics concepts. What makes this case interesting is that RBI is open to receive comments from all the stakeholders till January 2021. Complexity academic level Applicable to undergraduate and postgraduate students studying banking and finance specialisation in commerce and business management streams. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.

INTER DISCIPLINARY COMMERCE STUDIES IN INDIA: A WAY AHEAD

Higher Education system in India is in the process of embracing interdisciplinary education. Commerce stream is witnessing the process of change as a demand from business sector and support from plans, policies and implementations as a supply. Present paper reviews Inter Disciplinary Commerce Studies in India as a way ahead. Factors have been derived as a part of analysis and the possible needs to pursue such studies have been discussed.

Relationship between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Discrepancies of the Self among college students in India

Routine physical activity has been shown to have a substantial impact on both physical and mental health. As an exploration of the psychological aspects of exercise and sports, the present study attempts to investigate the relationship between Leisure-time Physical Activity and Self-discrepancies. The self-discrepancies were measured with respect to the Big-Five Personality traits, by getting self-reports of Actual and Ideal selves. The Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ) and the Mini-IPIP scales were used to collect data from college students (N=166) in India, who belong to the streams of Art, Science, Commerce, and Social Work. The data obtained suggest that the amount of physical activity is significantly correlated with self-discrepancies in Neuroticism (r = -0.27) and Extraversion (r = -0.17). A significant negative relationship was also observed between Physical Activity and the Total Self-Discrepancy. The conclusion arrived at was that Physical Activity affects some aspects of our personality traits and that individuals who perform sufficient amount of physical activity on a regular basis are more likely to actualize selected aspects of their idealistic selves.

Gender Segregation in Education: Evidence From Higher Secondary Stream Choice in India.

This paper investigates gender-based segregation across different fields of study at the senior secondary level of schooling in a large developing country. We use a nationally representative longitudinal data set from India to analyze the extent and determinants of gender gap in higher secondary stream choice. Using fixed-effects regressions that control for unobserved heterogeneity at the regional and household levels, we find that girls are about 20 percentage points less likely than boys to study in science (STEM) and commerce streams as compared with humanities. This gender disparity is unlikely to be driven by gender-specific differences in cognitive ability, given that the gap remains large and significant even after we control for individuals' past test scores. We establish the robustness of these estimates through various sensitivity analyses: including sibling fixed effects, considering intrahousehold relationships among individuals, and addressing sample selection issues. Disaggregating the effect on separate streams, we find that girls are most underrepresented in the study of science. Our findings indicate that gender inequality in economic outcomes, such as occupational segregation and gender pay gaps, is determined by gendered trajectories set much earlier in the life course, especially at the school level.

Planning and Responding to a Petrochemical Disaster in the North American Inland Seas

The Great Lakes represent the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world along a 1,500 mile international boundary between the United States and Canada. A source of drinking water for 35 million people and a hub of unique biodiversity, a major petrochemical spill would be devastating. With the increase in pipeline activity due to regional tar sands drilling and the navigationally challenging waterways hosting an increasing stream of petrochemical commerce, risk to the Lakes is higher than ever. Given the Lake's closed-system nature and their geographic remoteness relative to current US and Canadian government and private sector assets, the current response posture is inadequate. As the primary maritime spill response agency in the United States, the US Coast Guard retains the mantle of prevention and planning for a Great Lakes petrochemical disaster. This paper seeks to examine the historic, current, and future states of the Great Lakes' oil-spill risk, in light of increased maritime commerce and recent spill “near-misses” regarding submerged pipelines in the Straits of Mackinac. The US Congress and the US Coast Guard have identified that the Great Lakes are not prepared for a large scale spill. Current resourcing levels and technology are insufficient, especially given the challenge of responding while the Lakes are frozen for a substantial portion of the year. With resources focused on the prospect of disaster in salt water regions, the “inland seas” of the Great Lakes receive too little attention. After identifying the evolution of Great Lakes spill prevention and response policy, this paper will apply the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon spill as a case study into what spill response would look like on the Great Lakes. Given the authors' expansive experience as an operator during that historic spill and current commander of one of two US oil spill response assets in the Great Lakes, this paper will also identify remaining challenges to an effective spill response policy, and conclude with recommendations on how to tackle the response issues identified. The US Congress recently established the US Coast Guard's National Center of Expertise for the Great Lakes and one of their primary tasks is to analyze the effect of a spill in freshwater and develop an appropriate response plan. By attempting to identify critical gaps, this paper seeks to advance government and industry's ability to posture the region swiftly in the face of a growing threat and assist in the Center's work.

A STUDY OF METACOGNITIVE SKILLS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS IN RELATION TO SUBJECT STREAM AND VARIOUS DEMOGRAPHICS

The aim behind present experimental study is to perform detailed investigation to draw inference/ regarding levels of Metacognitive skills in; Senior Secondary Students of respective subject streams, i.e., Science, Humanities and Commerce. ; and few specific Demographics. Samples were collected from Senior Secondary Class Students available in various schools under educational boards such as Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad (UPMSP) in Aligarh district, UP. Among plenty of Schools (Government and Private) available in the district sampling was done considering impact of specific demographics considered in study. Through random sampling, specific numbers of students were selected considering the ratio despite of the strength of respective stream. 500 senior secondary students comprising 254 boys and 246 girls belonging to Science, Humanities and Commerce stream were selected. The metacognitive skill scale developed by Madhu Gupta and Suman, (2017) used for collection of the data. To compare the different groups and to see the significant difference between groups Mean, Standard Deviation (S.D.) t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were calculated with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The finding of the study revealed that there exist no significant difference in metacognitive skills of students based on Gender, i.e, in Boys and Girls, but there exists significant difference in metacognitive skills of senior secondary students on the bases of their stream selection (Science, Humanities and Commerce), habitat (Rural and Urban), board (UPMSP and CBSE) and types of schools (Government and Private).

Examination Stress of Higher Secondary Students in Relation to their Gender, Locality and Stream of Study

Examination stress is one of the most common features of higher secondary students which they face in their academic life. Higher secondary stage happens to be crucial stage of education in India as it determines the future path of the students. This study investigated differences if any in the level of examination stress experienced by the students in terms of their gender, locality and stream of study. Stratified random sampling technique was used for data collection. Results of the study showed that there exists a significant difference between the examination stress of male and female students and between rural and urban students. It was also found that students of Arts stream experience significantly higher level of examination stress as compared to students of Science and Commerce streams. However, no significant difference was found in the examination stress level of the students of Science and Commerce stream.

A cross sectional study on perception of body image and weight among female adolescents of humanities, commerce and science streams

A cross sectional study on perception of body image and weight among female adolescents of humanities, commerce and science streams

INDIAN EDUCATION NOW AND NEXT: SWITCHING FROM TAUGHT TO THOUGHT CONCEPT

Indian Education towards the 21st century, outlined in the National Curriculum Framework and the National Policy reflects the curriculum, matter, method, contents, and aims of ancient Indian system. Emphasis on the thoughts created by the pupils against the thoughts taught by the teachers is the hallmark of the emerging education, which, in fact, is an echo of the Gurukula system of education followed in the Vedic period of India. The demand and the need for education in the 21st century still remain the same as it was in ancient and medieval times. The difference is that the ancient tools and instruments are replaced by the modern electronic gadgets, with the industrial sector increasing day by day. However, the human potential that drive the technology remains unchanged. As in the past, so in the modern education, the students are not just involved in coveting the ranks, but their main focus is on knowledge and enhancement of skills. Social aim of education guides the personal aim; education aims not merely to make creative human being, but to make socially useful creative individuals. The emerging education in India is the combination of ancient wisdom and modern science and technology. The ancient system was specifically focused on the training of the mind to ensure peace and progress. The modern method of education emphasizing construction of knowledge do focus on the thought rather than the taught, towards the same aim- peace and progress. Ultimately, the new Education policy of India offers a hope that learning becomes interesting and divergent, with the idea that learning should be child-centric, holistic, integrated, enjoyable and engaging. Schools are slowly breaking the straitjackets of arts, commerce and science streams in high school, and aiming to introduce vocational courses with internships, as it was almost two thousand years ago. Therefore, with the rise of modern education, the ancient Indian education system is on a revival to add force to mobilize the entire population to take the nation to a realm of wholistic progress.

Awareness about Muga Culture among the College Students in Jorhat District of Assam, India

A study was undertaken to compare the awareness about muga culture among the college students in Jorhat district of Assam. Significant differences were found between the male and female students, and between rural and urban students. On the other hand, significant differences were found in the case of awareness on muga culture between Arts and Science stream students, and Arts & Commerce stream students.

Entrepreneurship education intention and entrepreneurial intention amongst disadvantaged students: an empirical study

PurposeDisadvantaged students face social exclusion and undergo a different treatment than mainstream students. This alters their entrepreneurial intention subsequently. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting disadvantaged students’ intention in their willingness to undergo entrepreneurship education as a vocational course. The variables include self-efficacy, need for achievement (nAch) and family background. The paper further examines whether entrepreneurship education intention enhances their entrepreneurial intention.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a deductive quantitative study as the chosen approach as it ensures complete anonymity and hence researcher bias is minimized. The sample consists of the third year, final year and postgraduate first year disadvantaged students from different streams of engineering, economics, arts and commerce. The study was conducted with a total of 319 students completing the questionnaire which used a five-point Likert scale.FindingsUsing the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the results show that willingness of disadvantaged students to study entrepreneurship as a vocational course is highly driven by their family background followed by self-efficacy and nAch. The results further strengthen the TPB and has implications for educators of entrepreneurship and a possibility of a widening of entrepreneurship education in disadvantaged community.Research limitations/implicationsThe study measured attitudes and willingness with intentions, but not actual behavior as this was a cross-sectional study. Also, repeated observations could not be made and dynamics of change could not be captured.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies focused on entrepreneurial intention of students who are socially excluded and therefore it offers a possibility of widening of entrepreneurship education in countries such as India which display a collectivist culture and provides an intention-based linkage to entrepreneurship education among disadvantaged students. This study also puts subjective norm as a strong predictor of intentions which previous studies have refuted. The findings also suggest that there is a strong intent to study entrepreneurship among disadvantaged students in India, which makes entrepreneurship education a seemingly acceptable choice of education and suggests promise for its wider reach and penetration.

Knowledge , Attitude and Practices of Oral Health among College Students in Mumbai

Aim:The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Oral Health among College Students in Mumbai. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 students were randomly selected ranging from 17 years to 24 years of age from the 1st,2nd and 3rd year students studying in Arts,Science and Commerce streams respectively. A questionnaire with two parts was used:The first part included demographic data and the second part was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice. Prior permission was taken from the Principal of the College to carry out the study.The nature and purpose of the study was explained and informed consent was taken from the students.Data collected was tabulated using Microsoft Excel sheet and was statistically analysed. Results: The knowledge of the students was satisfactory.A majority of students, i.e., 94%, agreed that a person's oral health has an impact on his general health. 59% agreed that Flouridecan prevent dental caries whereas 99% have the knowledge that smoking and tobacco can cause oral cancer.94% agreed that sweet and soft food can affect teeth. While 89%changed their toothbrushes within three months,around 75 % brushed twice daily.Only 58% visited a dentist and only 40% used dental floss and mouthwash. Conclusion: The knowledge of Oral Health among students is satisfactory but their attitude and practices need improvement. Key Words: Attitude, Knowledge, Oral Health, Students

Every day students in schools matter – reasons for not attending the school: evidence from advanced level students

The reason for students' absenteeism may vary across nations depending on country and cultural differences. Studies on student's absenteeism that have been investigated in the west are reflective of such cultural contexts and therefore, the finding can not be directly applied to another cultural context. There is a dearth of such studies in Asian and other similar developing countries. Consequently, the present study aims to discover factors determining students’ absenteeism in Sri Lanka. Strongly based on philosophical assumptions, the present study mainly employed a survey research strategy and data were primarily garnered from a self-administrated questionnaire. A total of 129 Advanced level students representing Arts and commerce streams were conveniently selected from five schools, namely KG/MW Baduriya Central College, KG/MW Zahira National School, KG/MW Mayurapada National School, KG/MW Nooraniya Muslim Vidhyalaya and KG/MW Mederigama Central College located Mawanella Zone in Sabaragamuwa province. The study revealed six factors determining students’ absenteeism, named student-preference, teacher and subject, physical and mental capabilities, non-collegiate, classroom facility and personal factors. Needless to say, the current study made several theoretical and practical implications.

Juice HACCP Program: An Overview

Juice HACCP commonly refers to the use of HACCP systems to minimize food safety risks in the juice processing, packaging, and transportation industries. The acronym HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (pronounced 'hás•sip'). Significant hazards for a particular juice, puree, or concentrate are identified, based upon scientific information. The steps at which these hazards can be controlled within the process are identified, and the critical limits at each of the key process steps are set. Monitoring procedures are implemented to evaluate conformance with these critical limits. Should the process fall outside these limits, pre-planned corrective actions are taken to prevent the potentially defective product from entering the commerce stream. In addition, the HACCP system relies on extensive verification and documentation to assure that food safety has not been compromised. Thus, HACCP provides a structure for assessing risks or what could go wrong, and for putting the controls in place to minimize such risks. This document is FSHN0515, one of a series of the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Published August 2005.
 FSHN0515/FS124: The Juice HACCP Program: An Overview (ufl.edu)

Cognisance among Youth for Sustainable Development Goals

This paper is an effort to know the wakefulness and vigilance of the youth towards sustainable development goals, adopted by United Nations to transform our world. To achieve these goals every individual must put forth every inch of his/her optimum and potent contribution towards this process. These would only be feasible if every possible individual is alert about these sustainable development goals. Youth of any country has the potential, ability and zeal to direct the country towards a better path, to reform the norms and to change the notions towards logic, facts and reality so as to bring forth the nation's betterment and hence educating them about sustainable development goals is an absolute necessity. Taking a step towards the same belief, the main objective of this research paper is to check how far the educated youth of Chandigarh is conscious about these sustainable development goals. Self prepared questionnaire was used for the collection of the data. The result of the study indicated that youth of Science and Commerce streams had more awareness about the sustainable development goals than the youth of Humanities (Arts) stream.

Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Medico-legal Postmortem Examination among the Arts and Commerce Stream Students of Mangalore, India

Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Medico-legal Postmortem Examination among the Arts and Commerce Stream Students of Mangalore, India

Brief of the R Street Institute and Engine Advocacy as Amici Curiae: Helsinn Healthcare v. Teva Pharmaceuticals

In Helsinn Healthcare v. Teva Pharmaceuticals, the Supreme Court considers whether the term in 35 U.S.C. § 102, which lays out the rules for prior art that prevents patenting of inventions, contemplates only or offers for sale that render the relevant invention available to the public. Helsinn, the patent owner, contends that the text of the statute is limited in this manner such that do not constitute prior art under § 102. Teva disagrees, arguing that any sale or offer for whether or not secret, is prior art under that statute. This brief makes two main arguments. First, it explains that the on-sale bar of § 102 should be interpreted broadly to encompass all sales. If are exempted from § 102, then inventors can as a matter of course avoid application of the on-sale bar by attaching nondisclosure agreements to any of their inventions. This creates two problems of policy. First, it subverts the basic aims of the patent system, which include a limited duration of patent term and early disclosure of inventive discoveries. Second, prevalence of nondisclosure agreements impairs critical research into product security, safety, and improvement. The second argument of the brief is that treating the phrase as limited to conflicts with traditional property rights. A classic tenet of the common law is that property, once sold, can be resold freely; the original seller may not place conditions on the sold property that prevent further resale. As such, when an invention is sale, the inventor has expressed willingness to cede control over the invention and to allow the invention to enter the stream of commerce. To interpret § 102 to differentiate between public sales and secret sales, then, ignores this traditional notion of alienability of property and demands a patent-exceptional rewriting of ordinary property law that is inconsistent with precedent.

A Study on Smart Phone Usage Pattern – Purpose and Preference among College Students

Smartphones with android systems are generally used by college students not only for communication but also for learning and socialization. Socialisation through Facebook, Instagarm & Snapchat are often used by students. Tools like Online tutorials, Youtube are extensively used for learning. Entertainment like music apps, movie apps and online television channels are also popular Smartphone features used by the college students. This study highlights the relationship between the variable primary purpose and gender and education of the students. But when it comes to identifying relationship between the primary purpose of phone usage and their opinion, preference and usage pattern, there is a moderate positive relationship. Gender wise there was a difference in using the application of Smart phones. Male students were found to use fitness and beauty apps more than female students. Education wise Science students were inclined towards usage of practical application videos and Commerce students used on line tutorials in order to prepare for their exams. There was a gap between the expression of students in primary purpose and usage pattern. The study has been conducted in Nagpur City and the data was collected from the Undergraduate students studying in Science and Commerce streams.

Регулирование коммерческого оборота между Российской Федерацией и Китайской Народной Республикой: законодательный и практический аспект

Регулирование коммерческого оборота между Российской Федерацией и Китайской Народной Республикой: законодательный и практический аспект