Straw Compost Research Articles

The effects of potassium, nitrogen and straw compost giving to increase organic material levels and k-exchangeable rice fields and rice growth

Potasium and nitrogen fertilization accompanied by the application of rice straw compost is expected to improve the chemical properties of rice fields and the growth of rice plants. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of potassium, nitrogen and straw compost fertilizer on increasing C-organic, organic matter and K-exchangeable soil and the growth of rice plants. This research was conducted in the rice field area of Cengkeh Turi village, Binjai City (± 32 m asl) from March-July 2018. This study used factorial randomized block design method with 3 Factors: Potassium (KCL): 0. 25. 50 and 75 kg ha−1; Nitrogen (Urea): dosage for farmers (250 kg ha−1) and LCC recommendations (315 kg ha−1); straw compost Treatment: without compost straw (0 t ha−1) and straw compost (5 t ha−1). The results showed that the application of potassium, nitrogen and straw compost had no significant effect on increasing levels of C-organic, organic matter and K-exchangeable paddy soil. However. There was an increase in nutrient status from very low to low. While there is a significant effect on plant height and number of tillers per clump at 2 weeks after planting and shoot dry weight of rice plants.

Effects of seaweed fertilizer on enzyme activities, metabolic characteristics, and bacterial communities during maize straw composting

The objective of this study was to investigate microbial responses when seaweed fertilizer was added to maize straw compost. The metabolic characteristics and bacterial communities were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and Biolog analysis. Results showed that the urease, dehydrogenase, and metabolic activities improved on day 21 after the addition of seaweed fertilizer. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in the compost. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were increased by addition of seaweed fertilizer during the early composting stage. Temperature, NH4+-N, NO3−-N concentrations, and carbon source metabolism had close relationships with bacterial community variation during composting. A network analysis revealed that NO3−-N content had a positive association with Aeromicrobium, and seaweed fertilizer application improved the growth of keystone species related to N cycling. These results suggested that seaweed fertilizer influenced bacterial community succession through its effects on N concentrations during the composting process.

Metagenomic insights into effects of wheat straw compost fertiliser application on microbial community composition and function in tobacco rhizosphere soil

The application of fertilisers incorporated with plant residues improves nutrient availability in soils, which shifts the microbial community structure and favours plant growth. To understand the impact of wheat straw compost fertiliser on soil properties and microbial community structure, tobacco planting soils were treated with four different fertilisers using varied amounts of straw compost fertiliser and a no fertiliser control (CK). Results showed that different fertilisers affected available soil nutrient contents differently. Treatment of tobacco soil with application of combined chemical fertiliser/wheat straw compost led to improved soil chemical properties, and increased soil organic matter and available phosphorus and potassium content. Treatment with FT1 200 kg/mu straw was found to be superior in improving soil fertility. Metagenomic DNA sequencing revealed that different fertiliser treatments resulted in changes in the microbial community composition. In soil treated with FT2 300 kg/mu straw for 60 days, the predominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, whereas Cyanobacteria, Basidiomycota, and Chlorophyta were found in high abundance in soil samples treated with FT1 200 kg/mu straw for 30 days. Functional annotation of metagenomic sequences revealed that genes involved in metabolic pathways were among the most abundant type. PCoA analysis clearly separated the samples containing straw compost fertiliser and chemical fertiliser. A significant correlation between soil properties and the dominant phyla was identified.

Local decomposer increase composting rate and produce quality rice straw compost

This study at aiming to examine the ability of Balinese local decomposers in composting rice straw. Another goal is to examine the composting rate and quality of compost in enumeration rice straw that is not enumerated. The study used 2 combinations of local decomposers and comparative decomposers. The local decomposer 1 combination consists of Paenibacillus polimyxa, Pseudomonas flourescens, and Trichoderma hazianum. The combination of local decomposers 2 consists of Pseudomonas flourescens, Trichoderma hazianum, and Aspergilus niger. Comparative decomposers are commercial decomposers consists of Azospirillum, Aspergillus, Actinomycetes, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and yeast. The study was conducted in Tangkas Village, Klungkung on June 17 up to July 23, 2017. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 (three) replications. Composting is conducted for 35 days and compost reversal is conducted every 7 days. The results showed that the addition of local decomposer 1 was able to provide a C/N ratio of up to 13.78, local decomposers 2 to 14.80 and this result was not significantly different from the comparison decomposition C/N ratio which reached 15.31.

The Utilization of Agricultural Waste Biochar and Straw Compost Fertilizer on Paddy Plant Growth

The agricultural environment continues to be used for inappropriate technology, reduced agricultural land, insufficient inputs (chemical fertilizers and inorganic pesticides), and air. Rice is the most important food crop in Indonesia because almost all residents use rice as a staple food. Rice straw is a source of organic material that is available after harvesting rice with a large enough amounts but the use of rice straw has only been used in paddy fields. This research is a field experiment followed by laboratory research with the following stages: (a) analysis of soil samples before the research was conducted at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, (b) field experiments by planting Inpari 30 variety rice, biochar treatment and straw compost treated according to the combination of each plot treatment, and soil sample analysis at the end of the study to re-test the soil chemical properties after conducting research with biochar and straw compost. This research method uses factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of two factors, namely: Biochar and Straw Compost. The results of this study indicate that biochar space has an influence on plant growth, namely plant height and number of paddy tillers. Observations on rice growth were 28 day after planting (DAP), 35(DAP) and (DAP) to find out the effects of giving biochar and straw compost, it is necessary to conduct further research on the next planting season so that it can be recognized and applied to save the use of chemical fertilizers. The administration of biochar and straw compost affects plant growth, namely plant height and the number of tillers in each rice with higher yields. It would be even better by giving biochar and straw compost together with higher yields. Thus, it is hoped that further research will be carried out in the next rice planting season to see how much residue is giving biochar and straw compost to improve rice yields. The results of the variance analysis showed that plant height 28 HST was significantly affected by biochar treatment with a significance value of 0.033. The results of the variance analysis showed that plant height 35 HST was significantly affected by the treatment of straw compost with a significance value of 0.018. The results of the variance analysis showed that plant height of 45 DAP was significantly affected by the treatment of biochar with a significance value of 0.019 while the treatment of straw compost had a very significant effect on plant height 45 DAP with a significance value of 0.001. The results of the variance analysis showed that the numbers of tillers 28 DAP were significantly affected by the treatment of biochar with a significance value of 0.013. The results of the variance analysis showed that the number of tillers 35 DAP and 45 DAP all had no significant effect by the treatment of biochar, straw compost, and interaction of biochar and straw compost because at plant age 35 DAP and 45 DAP the significance values were above 0.05.

Effects of corn straw biochar on process, nutrient content, and CO2 emissions of corn straw decomposition

Biochar has unique physicochemical properties of being rich in carbon, being alkaline, and exhibiting a highly porous structure, which can adjust features of different systems. A 90-day microcosm incubation experiment was performed to investigate the effects of corn straw biochar on the process, properties, nutrient contents, and CO2 emissions during corn straw composting. There were four treatments, including control (CK), 5% biochar addition (B1, as mass fractions of biochar), 10% biochar addition (B2), and 20% biochar addition (B3). The results showed that biochar significantly increased the temperature rise rate and temperature peak of the straw maturation system, and promoted straw decomposition. Biochar increased the pH of the microbial active period, and the electrical conductivity (EC) value of the straw decomposition system, which provided a more suitable environment for microbial degradation of the organics. Further more, biochar decreased the organic matter content, increased the total nutrient content of the straw decomposition system, and improved the quality of the straw decomposition products. In addition, nitrogen (N) content was not changed by increasing amount of biochar; however, both phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) content were significantly increased. Compared to control, the content of P2O5 and K2O in B3 treatment was increased by 0.2% and 0.9%, respectively. Biochar addition could improve CO2 emission of the straw decomposition system. The CO2 emission was consistent with the trend of temperature change, which provided solid evidence that biochar improve the degradation of organic matter by microbes in the system.

PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA JENIS PUPUK ORGANIK DAN KEUNTUNGAN EKONOMI PADA BUDIDAYA PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN PIDIE

The objectives of this study is to analysis the affectivities and rate of efficiencies of using organic fertilizer in rice cultivation. The research treatment was implemented atlowland rice ofMali Guyui village, Subdistrict of Sakti, Pidie District Province of Aceh. Study started in May to September 2018 had executed at irrigation rice field farm property of farmer with the treatment formation: (1) Manure, (2) Straw compost and (3) Treatment of farmer. The result of study showed that the highest grain yield was obtained at higher straw compost treatment of 800 kg/ha (11.11%) compared with the pattern of the farmers, and 640 kg/ha (8.69%) compared with manure treatment. The result of economic analysis showed that the level of benefits obtained by treatment of hay is higher IDR 580,600,- (7.42%) compared with the treatment of farmers with their conventional manures and the application of hay also bring the higher benefits IDR 1,582,480,- (23.19%) compared with chemical manure treatment. 
 
 Key words :Rice, organic fertilizer, economic benefit

Microbial Community Succession and Response to Environmental Variables During Cow Manure and Corn Straw Composting.

In composting system, the composition of microbial communities is determined by the constant change in the physicochemical parameters. This study explored the dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities during cow manure and corn straw composting using high throughput sequencing technology. The relationships between physicochemical parameters and microbial community composition and abundance were also evaluated. The sequencing results revealed the major phyla included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) illustrated that Actinomycetales and Sordariomycetes were the indicators of bacteria and fungi in the maturation phase, respectively. Mantel test showed that NO3--N, NH4+-N, TN, C/N, temperature and moisture content significantly influenced bacterial community composition while only TN and moisture content had a significant effect on fungal community structure. Structural equation model (SEM) indicated that TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N and pH had a significant effect on fungal abundance while TN and temperature significantly affected bacterial abundance. Our finding increases the understanding of microbial community succession in cow manure and corn straw composting under natural conditions.

Modeling a long-term effect of rice straw incorporation on SOC content and grain yield in rice field

ABSTRACTThe long-term effects of rice straw incorporation on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and rice yield were evaluated from rice cultivation with different treatments: no rice straw (control), rice straw (RS), and rice straw compost (RSC) as a main-plots; five levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application: 0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 of N (kg ha−1) as a sub-plots. The denitrification and decomposition (DNDC) model was employed to simulate changes in SOC content and rice grain yield over 35 years. Additionally, scenario analysis on continuous or discontinuous RS incorporation in rice fields was conducted using the DNDC model. The long-term results indicated that RS and RSC treatments played a crucial role in increasing grain yields by 9% and 11% due to the increased SOC contents compared to control treatment. The validated DNDC model on SOC contents and yields showed a good agreement between the observed and simulated values based on the normalized root mean square errors. The model predicted a rapid decline of SOC contents without RS incorporation. Results suggested that incorporating rice straw or amending manure to paddy soils is a preferred practice for maintaining SOC contents.

Effects of decomposition rate of Chromolaena odorata and straw rice in fresh and compost form to the growth and yield of rice

The potential of Chromolaena odorata in bringing high Carbon and Nitrogen contents to the soil instead of its existence as shrub in any rice farms should be optimized to support soil fertility as an alternative of inorganic fertilizer. Meanwhile, the straw was usually burned by rain-field farmers which directly impact the air purity. This study was aimed to examine the decomposition rate of C. odorata and rice straw in the fresh and composted form to the growth and yield of rice on latosol rain field at Lamongan, East Java Province. The experiment was split plot randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatment consisted of control, C. odorata fresh, C. odorata compost, fresh rice straw, straw compost, and inorganic fertilizer. Obtained data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA); Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with significant level 0.05 was used for further analysis. The result showed decomposition rate of C, N, and organic matter of soil of organic fertilizers were significantly different with inorganic fertilizer the trend was identical from 2nd until 8th week. The yield of dry weight rice grain, the straw fresh fertilizer can almost level the yield of inorganic fertilizer.

Water extractable organic carbon and nitrogen and their stable isotopes from long-term experiment in a Japanese rice paddy

Hot water- and water-extracted organic matter was extracted from soil samples collected after a 31-year long-term experiment which aimed to assess the effect of different fertilization strategies (inorganic fertilizers and organic matters) commonly used for paddy rice cultivation in Yamagata, northeastern Japan. The ratio of soil to extracted water was 2:3. The amounts of hot water-extracted organic carbon and nitrogen (HWEOC and HWEN) at 80 o C and 16 hours, water-extracted organic carbon and nitrogen (WEOC and WEN) at room temperature, and their δ 13 C and δ 15 N were measured from the five fertilizer treatment plots as [1) PK, 2) NPK, 3) NPK + 6 Mg ha -1 rice straw (RS), 4) NPK + 10 Mg ha -1 rice straw compost (CM1), and 5) NPK + 30 Mg ha -1 rice straw compost (CM3)], for surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-25 cm) layers. HWEOC and WEOC accounted for an average of about 1.5 1 and 0.66% of SOC, while HWEN and WEN accounted for an average of about 1.09 and 0.40% of soil TN, respectively. About 90% of the extracted N was organic form among all treatments . The values of δ 13 C for HWEOC and WEOC ranged from -28.2 to -26. 5 ‰ and from -28.3 to -27.0‰, similar to the original rice straw and rice straw compost , and lower than the value of original soil at -22.5 ‰. The values of δ 15 N of HWEN, WEN and bulk soil ranged from 0. 8 to 3. 8 ‰, from 1.0 to 4.0‰, and from 0. 8 to 2. 8 ‰, respectively. It was clear that δ 15 N decreased in RS but increased in CM3 treatments. Our results indicated that the amounts of h ot water- and water-extracted organic matter were affected by long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic matter s remarkably. However, the values of δ 13 C for HWEOC and WEOC were not different among 5 treatments, but values of δ 15 N of HWEN and WEN were affected by RS and CM3 applications clearly .

Aplikasi Kombinasi Macam Pupuk Organik dan N,P,K terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Hitam

Black Rice is a source of carbohydrate and also a native plant of Indonesia. Black Rice contains copious amount of aleurone and endospermia that produce anthocyanin antioxidant that gave dark purple to black color characteristics. Black rice also low in sugar, contains, more fiber and vitamin E. Another advantages of the black rice, is as natural medicine or nutritious functional food ingredients that prevents degenerative diseases such as cancer. Potential yield of black rice in Indonesia is around 4–5 t ha -1 . In this study, the extent of the role of various types of organic fertilizers (straw compost, cattle manure, chicken manure and sheep manure) and N, P, K fertilizers on the growth and yield of black rice were investigated. The experimental design was carried out using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisted of 10 treatments with triplicates. The combination of treatment consisted of straw compost, cattle manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and 0-100% recommended dosage of Nitroge, Phosphate, and Potassium (N, P, K) fertilizers. Result showed that the combination of organic fertilizers and N, P, K fertilizers had an effect on plant height, number of tillers and black rice yield (dry grain weight). The application of chicken and cattle manure fertilizers with the addition of N, P, K fertilizers (1 recommended dosage) yielded 66.50 g/ tiller (8,5 ton/ha) and 66 g/ tiller(8,4 ton/ha) of dry grain weight respectively. Key word: black rice, chicken manure, cattle manure, potential yield

PEMANFAATAN PUPUK KOMPOS JAGUNG MANIS DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L) PADA TANAH ULTISOL

ABSTRACT
 The aim of this research was to study influence utilization of composted corn straw fertilizer in improving the production of plant corn (Zea mays L.) on an ultisol soil. The research was conducted at Koto kari Kuantan Singingi of Riau, from Mei to July 2017. It used a Randomized Bolock Design Consisting of 5 levels of treatment and 3 groups so that there are 15 experimental units. The treatment given is: A = No Treatment (control), B = Compost of Corn Straw 10 tons / ha + 100% inorganic fertilizer, C = Corn straw Compost 20 tons / ha + 100% inorganic fertilizer, D = Corn straw Compost 30 tons / Ha + 100% inorganic fertilizer, E = 100% Inorganic Fertilizer. The observed parameters were Plant height (cm), Age of female flower (HST), Harvest Age (HST), Heavy corn weight (gram), and Weight of corn without gram (gram). Data of observation result of each treatment were analyzed statistically and performed by Brightness Honest test (BNJ) at 5% level. Composting of corn straw compost has significant effect on all parameters of observation, where the best treatment is the application of 30 tons / ha of 100 ml of corn straw compost / 100 inorganic fertilizer.

Diversity of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Wheat Straw Compost for Agaricus bisporus Cultivation

The Agaricus genus represents the most popular edible mushroom in the world. Wheat straw often is used as the substrate for mushroom cultivation following pretreatment to degrade the lignocellulosic biomass in agricultural waste. In this study, we investigated the changes in bacterial and fungal microflora of wheat straw substrate during different phases of composting. We collected samples of the raw material (M1), phase I aerobic fermentation (F1, F2, F3), and phase II after-fermentation (AF1) for high-throughput 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing to analyze the microbial diversity in the substrate during composting. Our data revealed that among the five stages, 365 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared, with Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria being the predominant bacterial phyla. In addition, Thermobispora, Thermopolyspora, Ruminiclostridium, Thermobacillus, and Bacillus were the predominant genera in F3 and AF1, with the species Thermobispora bispora and Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis being predominant in F2. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots showed that the bacterial communities of five stages could be distinguished from each other based on their composting time. The Shannon and Simpson indexes of F2 were lower than M1 (P < 0.05), and the clustering dendrogram showed that the bacterial communities in AF1 were similar to F3, with Micromonosporaceae, Streptosporaceae, Thermomonosporaceae, and Vulgatibacteraceae representing the differential bacterial families by linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) analysis. The analysis of fungal communities showed that 384 OTUs were common among the five stages, with 1054 and 454 OTUs unique to M1 and AF1, respectively. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two predominant phyla in all stages, and Chytridiomycota was predominant in F2, F3, and AF1 stages. PCA and NMDS plots showed that the clusters of F2 and AF1 were more dispersed than the other stages. No differences were observed in alpha diversity between the stages, and samples of F1, F2, and F3 were closer to AF1 in the clustering dendrogram. By LEfSe analysis, Mycothermus thermophilus, Gonapodya polymorpha, and Phaeophleospora_eugeniae were identified as the predominant fungal species in AF1.

Improvement of several indicators of physical and biological properties of soil after adding crops biomass residues and yield of upland rice

Returning and addition of organic material to soil is a key to protecting the soil, plants, and the environment. A study aimed to elucidate the effect of residual biomass application on some indicators of soil physical properties, abundance of earthworms and soil microbial activities was conducted in Kebun Percobaan (KP) Natar, BPTP Lampung from February to July 2017. The treatments were three types of crops biomass residues, i.e., maize stover, rice straw, and soybean stover (fresh or compost). The dosage rates were 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 t/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. Upland rice (Inpago 9 variety) was planted after two weeks application of biomass residues treatments. The results showed that application of crops biomass residues improved bulkdensity and significantly increased soil water content at the high dose of biomass residues (7.5 or 10 t/ha). The amount and weight of earthworms with added of compost biomass was significantly correlated with soil water content (r values 0.491 and 0.376, respectively). The dose of biomass residues had a significant effect on soil respiration that the highest soil respiration was obtained in maize compost biomass treatment (at 12 weeks observation) was 31.7 and rice straw compost (at 8 weeks observation) which was 30.19 mg/hour/m2 C-CO2.

Amending inorganic fertilizers with rice straw compost to improve soil nutrients availability, nutrients uptake, and dry matter production of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) cultivated on a tropical acid soil

This study was carried out to assess the effect of amending inorganic fertilizers with rice straw (RS) compost in improving the soil nutrients availability, nutrient uptake, and dry matter production of maize cultivated on a tropical acid soil. A pot trial was conducted for 60 days and maize (F1 hybrid sweet corn 801 variety) was used as a test crop. Rice straw compost was applied at rates of 5 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1 and 20 t ha-1, respectively. Treatments of amending inorganic fertilizers with RS compost were found to increase soil total N, available P, and exchangeable K at the end of the pot experiment. This was possible because it increases the nutrients availability in the tropical acid soil by reducing NH3, H2PO-, and K+ loss through volatilisation, leaching and denitrification. The soil pH and the soil EC also significantly increased with the presence of RS compost. Dry weight of maize plants (leaf and stem) and higher N, P, and K uptake in leaf, stem, and root of maize were observed under treatments amended with RS compost. An application rate of 15–20 t ha-1 of RS compost together with 130 kg ha-1 urea, 200 kg ha-1 Christmas Island rock phosphate, and 67 kg ha-1 muriate of potash are recommended to improve the soil NPK contents and growth of Zea mays in acidic soil.

Impact of Compost Tea Types Application on Germination, Nodulation, Morphological Characters and Yield of Two Lentil Cultivars

LABORATORY and field experiments were performed at Crop Science Laboratory and the Experimental Farm, respectively, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt, in order to evaluate the response of germination and seedling characters, nodulation, growth, nutrients uptake and yield of two lentil cultivars (Giza 4 and Family 29) to application of various compost tea types prepared from different agricultural residues (sugarcane bagasse, cotton stalk and rice straw) and their grades based on particles size (unfractionated, relatively coarse and fine). Application of compost tea includes twice ways applied together, i.e. seed priming before sowing and foliar application during growth periods (25 and 55 days after sowing). Results showed that Giza 4 significantly surpassed Family 29 for all parameters except germination %. Giza 4 outweighed Family 29 by 19.36 and 11.30% for seed yield/fad in first and second seasons, respectively. The compost tea types produced from the finest particles size (0.6-1mm) of the cotton stalk or rice straw compost revealed maximum values of germination and seedling characters, nodulation, growth, chlorophyll, NPK contents, yield and protein%. The interactions between lentil cultivars and compost tea were found to be significant for studied characters. It could be concluded that treated Giza 4 with compost tea produced from finest particles size (0.6-1mm) of cotton stalk or rice straw compost was found to be the best combination treatment for enhancing germination, nodulation, growth and productivity of lentil, indicating the importance of compost tea application to maximize lentil productivity.

Effect of cow manure, neem compost and straw compost towards N uptake and soil fauna abundance in inceptisol paddy field, Berbah, Sleman

Maintenance of environmental production is important to increase rice production. This study aimed to determine the effects of organic fertilizers application on nitrogen uptake, nitrogen availability and the abundance of soil fauna in paddy field. This study used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) factorial with combination treatments of cow manure, neem compost and straw compost in two kind of dosage application at 10 tons·ha−1 and 20 tons·ha−1 with three replications in each treatments. The total treatments were 14 and one control. The observed parameters were pH, soil organic matter, available-N, soil total N, total N and N-uptake in plant tissues, non-parasites nematode and agronomic observations. The data obtained from the experiment were analysed by analysis of variance using SAS 9.1 software. The differences of treatments have a significant effect in several chemical properties i.e. potential pH, soil organic matter, available-N, soil total N, plant total N and N-uptake, and biological properties. The results of N-uptake in the vegetative phase, as well as plant height and number of tillers indicate that the best dosage that can be achieved in this study was the application of neem compost 20 tons·ha−1 with rice production at 4.6 tons·ha−1.

Availibility of P, K in paddy Land Under Organic application

Organic materials in situ remaining paddy crops in paddy fields are much abandoned by farmers. Most of the remaining harvested are burned, stacked in the cultivated, or used for animal feed or as a fungus. Straw compost is source of Potassium (K) and Silica (Si). About 80% of K absorbed by plants is in the straw. The return of straw to the soil may slow the impoverishment of Potassium (K) in the soil. This study aims to find out how the availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients by giving organic matter as soil fertility status in paddy fields in Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency and to review management alternatives that are in accordance with the soil fertility status in the Central Land Rice fields in Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. This research was carried out in the Central Rice Field in Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency ± 11 meters above sea level. The taking of soil samples was taken in the upper layer at the top soil depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and the coordinates were recorded using GPS (Global Positioning System). While information on land management is obtained by direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews with farmers in snow ball which aims to obtain complete information from farmers. Soil samples that have been taken in the field are then analyzed in the laboratory. Soil chemical properties analyzed in laboratory soil chemical properties analyzed at P2O5 Bray II (ppm) laboratory K2O Hcl 25% (mg / 100g). To determine the chemical properties of soil with certain criteria that have been determined. Based on Technical Guidelines for Evaluation of Soil Fertility The direction of management of soil fertility needs to be added to organic matter and phosphorus fertilization regularly so that soil fertility can be sustainable. Further research is needed in order to find out the addition of phosphorus fertilizer and organic matter in each unit of land.

Paddy straw compost application to increase nitrogen fixation on soybean cultivars

Soybean is leguminous crop requiring large quantity of N nutrient. The N requirement in soybean crops can be fulfilled through N2 fixation by root nodules. Root nodules can develop through the symbiosis of soybean crops with Rhizobium bacteria. This study aimed to identify the effects of paddy straw compost application on nitrogen fixation and physiological character in Baluran, Tanggamus, Seulawah, Grobogan cultivars of soybean crops.The study was conducted at regosol soil in Banguntapan, Yogyakarta.Result has showed that paddy straw compost dosage may increase soybean capabilityto perform nitrogen fixation,indicated by the variables of total root nodules, root nodule dry weight, andnitrogenase activity. Paddy straw applicationhas not provided significant effect on total chlorophyl content, leaf greeness, water content in leaf, transpiration rate and CO2 content in leaf, but has given significant effect on net assimilation rate of the crops.