Typology Of Strategies Research Articles

Typology of Key Mergers and Acquisitions Strategies in the Process of Becoming a Market Leader

Typology of Key Mergers and Acquisitions Strategies in the Process of Becoming a Market Leader

Player, Purist, Pragmatist: a comparison of employability strategies in access to the solicitors’ profession via alternative degree pathways

ABSTRACT Degree apprenticeships offer a new route to a degree in UK higher education, with policymakers emphasising their social mobility potential to widen access to graduate professions. In this context, this article compares the employability perceptions and strategies of aspiring solicitors on traditional university and degree apprenticeship routes in England. Following Bathmaker, Ingram, and Waller (2013), we adopt the analogy of ‘playing the game’ to explore how aspiring solicitors negotiate opportunities and barriers as they seek to succeed in higher education and progress into the legal profession. Drawing on interview data with 23 aspiring solicitors, we consider how participants developed and mobilised existing and acquired capitals to position themselves for success in their future career. A novel typology of employability strategies is presented, expanding on the work of Brown, Hesketh, and Williams (2004) and Hancock, Hughes, and Walsh (2017). The typology reveals distinct understandings of the role of higher education, meritocracy and social mobility; and divergent strategies for enhancing employability. As degree apprenticeship routes expand in UK higher education and beyond, the typology provides a useful framework to compare transitions through higher education and into other competitive and historically elite graduate professions.

SOEs' commitment to transparency: Voluntary disclosure as a driver of mandatory disclosure

AbstractNon‐compliance with transparency obligations among publicly owned enterprises has revealed the lack of coercive capacity of the legislation. In this context, literature suggests that mandatory disclosure becomes a matter of company willingness, but this has not been empirically tested so far. Drawing on Oliver's (1991) typology of organizational strategies and studies on normativity production, this study analyzes whether voluntary disclosure levels of financial and non‐financial information determine compliance with transparency legal requirements for the case of Andalusian state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) owned by local and regional governments. We have verified this question using linear regression analysis. The analysis proves that when transparency legislation lacks enforcement power, the level of voluntary disclosure determines the level of legal compliance. Both voluntary and mandatory disclosure levels are explained by the same determinants, suggesting that disclosure is determined by reasons of legitimacy and commitment to transparency. This contributes to the research lines on normativity and transparency in SOEs, being also relevant for lawmakers. This study provides evidence for Oliver's (1991) theoretical arguments about firms' strategies in the face of institutional pressures. It offers policy‐makers and SOE managers an insight into how prepared SOEs are to respond to the demands for greater transparency.

“Pedagogical Communication in Modular Distance Learning Modality for Primary Graders”

The study investigated the significance of pedagogical communication to find out if there is a difference between traditional face-to-face instruction and modular instruction, to discover the flow of pedagogical communication in modular instruction, to identify the needs and challenges that occurred in the pedagogical communication of today’s modular instruction, and to discern the pros and cons of modular instruction. The study employed Tsui’s (1994) IRF (Initiation-Response-Follow-up) Taxonomy and Burroughs’ (2007) Typology of Actual Compliance-Resistance Strategies and Messages as the bases for the detailed categorization of the learners’ responses. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to treat the gathered data generated from the pedagogical communication content of the Grade 2 Grade 3 modules, specifically the entire lessons found in Quarter 1 Module 1 of English subject only per grade level. It encompasses three major phases: preparation, organization, and reporting of the results. Based on the summary of findings, it was found out that all Tsui’s IRF head acts were present. Still, there were some sub-categories that were not present, and so with the sub-categories on Burroughs’ Typology of Actual Compliance-Resistance Strategies and Messages. Indeed, the pedagogical communication present in the Modular Distance Learning modality must be maintained and improved for the continuous development of the teaching-learning process and lived experiences among teachers, learners, parents, guardians, stakeholders, and other concerned individuals, with a focus on learner-centeredness and learner agency.

Sustainable and resilient strategies for entering international markets for Russian manufacturing companies based on digital platform interactions

The focus of the article is the problem of forming sustainable and resilient (including in the face of external restrictions) strategies for entering international markets for Russian manufacturing companies based on mechanisms of platform interactions, taking into account the fact that in the current conditions of the platform economy, value creation is the result of a new combination of information, physical products and real services provided by various types of complementors. Based on a theoretical review and interviews with a focus group of 23 representatives of Russian manufacturing companies responsible for business development, strategy, IT systems, participation in platforms and digital transformation, the study suggests a typology of internationalization strategies. This typology of strategies for entering international markets for Russian manufacturing companies is proposed based on platform models of interactions to ensure long-term sustainability and resilience. For each of the seven types of strategies, a brief description of the focus and scope of applicability is provided. The author emphasizes the significance of helping manufacturers to understand digital platforms in more details, especially in how they can lead to better flexibility of international production and supply operations.

МОДЕЛИ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The article is devoted to the problems of digital transformation of Russian regions. The article reviews the theoretical aspects of digital transformation of the economy of a particular region, as well as analyzes the digital transformation strategies adopted by Russian regions. As a result, a typology of digital transformation strategies of domestic regions is formed, within which three groups of regions are distinguished. The paper also proposes a typology of models of digital transformation of the regional economy, within which three models are identified: forced, basic and minimal. At the existing level of digital inequality of domestic regions, the choice of digital transformation model is determined by a number of factors, which are divided into four groups: economic factors, demographic, infrastructural and human capital factors. The paper presents a grouped list of selected factors.

Exploring the motivations and career choices of expatriate teachers in international schools: Embracing personal growth, professional development, and teacher autonomy

The worldwide growth of international schools has prompted increasing interest in the growing body of expatriate teachers who choose to work in them. The decision to work internationally is complex, encompassing both push and pull factors that change throughout a teacher's career. This qualitative study explores the motivations and career choices of 20 international school teachers. Through a reflexive thematic analysis, we identified two primary themes in teachers' accounts of their decisions: personal growth and professional identity. The theme of travel, learning, and personal growth captures motivations typically related to travel and adventure that drive the decision to work internationally, including the opportunity to travel and experience new cultures, develop global mindedness, and learn more about the wider world. The theme of professional development and teacher autonomy explores participants' motivations related to the opportunities to teach in ways that are professionally fulfilling in international schools, which often provide freedom from what are perceived to be constrained or limited opportunities in the educational systems of participants' home countries. The study also explores how the evolution of teachers' decision-making processes and motivations evolved throughout their careers, revealing a transition from initial, somewhat random moves overseas to subsequent, more strategic moves aligned with higher expectations around professionalism and autonomy. These findings highlight the complex interplay of changing personal and professional aspirations that influence teachers' decisions to work in international school contexts. This study offers further empirical support for our understanding of international school teachers and critically engages with existing typologies of international school teacher motivation, informing recruitment and retention strategies, professional development programs, and educational policies.

Corporative strategies of spatial warehousing development of retailers in Moscow agglomeration

The rapid growth of the transport and logistics complex of urban agglomerations forces large companies to change spatial strategies for warehouse networks development based on current trends. Thus, there is a transformation of factors for the placement of warehouse facilities. This article examines the general and specific features of the spatial development of warehouse networks of the largest retailers and online-operators in the post-soviet period using the example of the Moscow agglomeration. The novelty of the work consists both in the comparative analysis and typologization of strategies for warehouse networks development, and in the study of shifts in their territorial development. The information base of the study was the author's database of corporations’ warehouse facilities, collected on the basis of open sources. Two multidirectional trends have been identified. The first is the shift of new construction to the periphery of the Moscow agglomeration, to the zone of influence of the Central Ring Road (CRR), and an increase in the average area of warehouse facilities. The second is the development of a network of small warehouse facilities (sorting centers, darkstores) in the core of the agglomeration, near or inside the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD). Territorial shifts have been identified in the placement of new warehouse facilities for both online-operators and retailers. Online retailers have moved from a strategy of placing warehouses near airports to placing a large warehouse in every sector of the Moscow agglomeration. For retailers, the determining factor of location remains proximity to motorways (formerly main highways, now the intersections of the main highway and the Central Ring Road/A–107 or A–108) with the possibility of expanding the service area to all regions of the Central Federal District. Based on the results obtained, a typology of strategies for the spatial development of warehouse networks of the largest retailers in the region is proposed. The analysis provides an idea of current trends in spatial strategies for the development of corporate warehouse networks in the Moscow agglomeration, which can be used in forecasting and territorial planning for other large-scale urban agglomerations, based on the concept of diffusion of innovations.

Комунікативні стратегії учасників літературних інтернет-конкурсів: особливості мовленнєвої поведінки у віртуальному дискурсі

The study deals with the problems of linguopragmatic description of virtual discourse. Particular focus is paid to the discursive activity of the participants of literary competitions who participate in discussions and evaluate each other's stories. Cooperative and confl ict interactionsof commentators and authors of literary stories are characterized. A typology of communicative strategies in the virtual discourse of a literary competition is proposed, with a breakdown of those used by senders and recipients. It has been proved that the strategies of commentators gravitate towards a cooperative type of communication, while the strategies of authors in response to criticism trend towards a conflict type of communication. The linguistic features of the the ways each group implements their respective strategies are traced, and the main tactics of their representation inthe discourse of the virtual discussion of literary stories are determined. The illustrative material was collected from the transcripts of discussions at the Ukrainian-language fantasy short story competitions Litavytsia and RBZh Azimut for 2021.

An Inquiry into the Characteristics of Carbon Emissions in Inter-Provincial Transportation in China: Aiming to Typological Strategies for Carbon Reduction in Regional Transportation

The low-carbon development of the transportation sector is crucial for China to achieve its national goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Since China is a vast country with unbalanced regional development, there are considerable differences in the levels of carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector across regions. Therefore, revealing the influencing factors that shape the characteristics of transportation carbon dioxide emissions (TCO2) can inform tailored sub-national carbon reduction strategies based on local conditions, which is an important technical approach for achieving national goals. Based on an extended Kaya identity, we derived indicators of the impacts on provincial TCO2 from factors such as economic development, population density, energy structure, transportation efficiency, technology research and development (R&D), infrastructure construction, transportation operation conditions, and residents’ transportation behavior. Using a multi-indicator joint characterization method, we explored the characteristics of provincial TCO2 in China in 2019. By applying Ward’s method to hierarchical clustering, the thirty provinces of China were classified into six characteristic types (Types I to VI). Based on the total TCO2 (TC), the intensity of TCO2 (TI), and the per capita TCO2 (TP) calculated for each province in 2019, the priority control directions and indicators for carbon reduction in each type were obtained through relative relationships with provincial averages and correlation analysis with the indicators. Specifically, Type I and Type IV can be categorized as TP-controlled, Type II and Type III as TC-controlled, and Type V and Type VI as TI-controlled. Finally, we provided typological strategies and key performance indicators (KPIs) relevant to local governments to better achieve carbon reduction goals in each provincial type. It can promote cooperative development and collaborative governance in carbon reduction across regions and the unified implementation of China’s dual-carbon goals.

The Role of Indirect Communication in Forming the Image of the Bank: Working with Negative Customer Feedback

The article is devoted to the consideration of tools for positioning banking services, analysis of the structure of response to a negative customer review, systematization of ways to resolve a conflict situation and strengthening a positive image of the organization in the minds of the target audience. Particular attention is paid to the typology of strategies and tactics aimed at resolving a conflict that caused a negative feedback from a client. The material of the study was advertising and PR texts initiated by Pochta Bank (2016–2022), as well as texts of customer reviews of Pochta Bank and responses from employees of the bank in question on the Banki.ru portal (more than 500 messages).
 When analyzing the material, the following methods were used: descriptive-analytical method; classification method, comparative analysis, content analysis; conceptual analysis. The study showed that through advertising and PR activitie Pochta Bank seeks to form the following image-forming (positioning) categories in the minds of the target audience: accessibility, profitability, reliability, stability of financial services provided, social orientation of the bank.
 As a result of analyzing the responses of bank employees, the authors came to the conclusion that when resolving conflict situations, Pochta Bank does not use neutral (ignoring, silence, silence) and destructive (pressure, demands, refusal, indignation) strategies. The following communication strategies and tactics
 are in the arsenal of bank employees: strategy of accession (tactics of consent,concession, attracting attention); cooperation strategy (tactics of sympathy, support, persuasion, suggestions, consent); compromise strategy (tactics of persuasion, consent, encouragement).

Shade versus intensification: Trade-off or synergy for profitability in coffee agroforestry systems?

CONTEXTCoffee agroforestry systems (shaded coffee) are considered less productive but more resilient than more intensive production systems. A persistent challenge for coffee farmers is the extreme fluctuations in coffee prices, leading to a loss of profitability and lower investment in production. There are contrasting conclusions regarding the profitability trade-off between increasing productivity through intensification and the sustainability benefits of shade tree coffee agroforestry systems. OBJECTIVEUsing a typology of different intensification and sustainability coffee production strategies in Costa Rica and Guatemala, we assess the economic feasibility and sensitivity of those strategies under likely future scenarios of price and cost variability. METHODSBased on on-farm survey data from a large-scale survey of farmers with information on costs, prices and yields over ten years, a probabilistic cash flow analysis was used to create a stochastic model for net returns. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSUnder future price scenarios, the Net Present Value (NPV) for coffee production was greatest for the high-productivity farms with high investment and moderate shade levels. The NPV of low-investment farms was greater (and positive) for highly shaded coffee production than for low shade coffee production (which, on average, had a negative NPV), despite the two having similar levels of investment. Diversification with bananas or avocados in association with coffee only improved NPV for high-value export avocado. Despite the substantially higher production costs for the high productivity systems, they generally maintained higher probabilities of achieving a positive net cash income or achieving a living income under most labour, fertilizer or coffee price scenarios, except a 50% fall in coffee prices. Diversification effects were as sensitive to changes in labour and input costs but in most cases reduced the probability of a more pronounced negative net cash income under low coffee price scenarios. We find an increase in coffee prices by 50% was needed to enable all farmers to achieve a positive net cash income; with an increased probability of achieving returns comparable with a living wage for higher productivity systems. SIGNIFICANCEWe conclude that high-investment, high-productivity coffee production systems are compatible with shade-grown production; more likely to lead to economic success and achieve positive returns under most conditions, except large falls in coffee prices. For farmers with limited capacity to invest, high-shade production systems provide a positive cash return under a broader range of price conditions than low-shade systems.

A Typology and Landscape of State Funding Formulas for Public Colleges and Universities from 2004 to 2021

State funding for public higher education institutions is crucial in supporting college access and completion, particularly among students from historically under-represented groups, yet little is known about the mechanisms that states use to allocate funds and how they are affected by financial challenges. This article provides the first detailed longitudinal typology of state funding strategies, focusing particularly on formula volatility and equity. We find a gradual shift toward funding models that include a combination of base-adjusted and enrollment and performance metrics, along with a growing focus on equity. During recessions, states frequently revert to across-the-board funding cuts, further disadvantaging under-resourced institutions.

FORMATION OF THE MANAGEMENT DECISION REGARDING THE CHOICE OF THE ENTERPRISE LOGISTICS STRATEGY

One of the most important management processes of logistics management is the process of development and implementation of management decisions regarding the choice of the enterprise logistics strategy, corresponding to market conditions, the state of the enterprise and its corporate strategy.
 Analysis of the latest research and publications on logistics management shows the presence of unresolved problems in the definition and calculation of indicators for assessing the state of the enterprise's logistics system from the standpoint of the process approach and the use of data available for the enterprise’s calculations. It was determined that the objects of assessing the state of the enterprise logistics system are: the subject of management (management personnel, organizational structure of management, technology and information support of management) and the object of management – the logistics system itself or logistics business processes (interaction with suppliers, warehousing, dispatching, transportation, forwarding operations and financial settlements).
 In the course of work on this scientific article, it was determined that the some issues require further research. Among them are assessing the state of the logistics system, the effectiveness of logistics costs in the enterprise as a whole and in terms of individual business processes, as well as clarification of the influence of the state of the enterprise's logistics system and the level of efficiency of logistics costs on efficiency management of the enterprise's logistics activities and the selection of appropriate logistics strategies.
 The article analyzes the existing main typologies of logistics strategies of enterprises and presents their analytical characteristics. A description of the main logistics business processes of road transport enterprises is also given, based on the specifics of the offer and provision of road transport services.
 A two-dimensional model of making a management decision regarding the choice of the enterprise's logistics strategy has been developed, depending on the state of the logistics system (by its object and subject components) and the level of efficiency of the enterprise's logistics costs (economy). To assess the state of the logistics system, it is suggested to use the methods of point assessment, expert survey and analysis of hierarchies. Estimating the effectiveness of logistics costs involves the use of an integral assessment and a taxonomic method.
 It is proposed to choose a specific logistics strategy based on the key factors on which the company's logistics management is oriented (costs, quality, time, logistics assets). A general indicator of the implementation of the selected logistics strategy quality has been developed: the relative change in the state of the logistics system must exceed the relative change in the efficiency of logistics costs. This will contribute to the fact that the costs of the main logistics tools for the period under study were effective.

Encouraging prolonged consumption through habit-boosting efforts: conceptualization and research agenda

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a better understanding of the prolonged consumption journey and how they are sustained by service providers’ use of habit-boosting strategies. Existing research is critically evaluated, and a research agenda is provided to inspire and guide future research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops a conceptual framework that integrates habit and transformative consumer intervention theories with customer journey literature to explain the role of habit in sustaining prolonged consumption journeys. Habit-boosting strategies are introduced as mechanisms for service providers to facilitate their customers’ prolonged consumption journeys.FindingsThis paper argues that habit strength is a limited operant resource that often lacks resource integration efficiency and hinders customers’ abilities to sustain prolonged consumption journeys. Four distinct habit-boosting strategies are identified that provide the potential for service providers to facilitate their customers’ prolonged consumption journeys.Originality/valueThis study presents a typology of habit-boosting strategies and a research agenda that discusses a range of practically relevant and theoretically insightful contributions.

Action Strategies of Start-ups

There are quite a lot of opinions and little knowledge about the strategies of start-ups. The notions on this topic are inconsistent and with little agreement. Hypothetical works predominate and, although logically consistent, there is no empirical research that would provide verified scientific knowledge. Business strategies of start-ups should be a systematic object of research because start-ups have to compensate for a number of their natural limitations (weaknesses) with practical conduct that has the nature of an action strategy. The goal of the research is to identify a typology of start-up strategies that would clarify and specify the strategizing of start-ups based on their actual action. The research was conducted on a sample of 147 start-ups. Methods of descriptive statistics, factor analysis, hierarchical clustering, and ANOVA were used to analyse the research sample. The criteria describing the action of start-ups were divided (reduced) into two strategic dimensions using factor analysis, the combination of which, using clustering by the Ward method, there were identified four types of action strategies of start-ups: proactive leader, waiting leader, proactive follower, waiting follower. The main knowledge contribution of the research lies in the fact that the seemingly disorganized, spontaneous, and even chaotic action got clear contours that will allow a better understanding of the behaviour of start-ups. The research also included an assessment of the performance of the identified types of strategies.

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN THE MARKET OF CONSULTING SERVICES: MARKETING ASPECT

The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments about the features of the formation of competitive advantages in the Ukrainian market of services on the example of consulting for the period 2010–2021. According to the results of the analysis and generalization, the author’s understanding of the concept of “competitive advantages”, the factors of their formation presented. The article describes the interconnection of competitive strategies with the process of forming competitive advantages. The process of economic analysis revealed the immaturity of the consulting market in Ukraine and its institutional vulnerability. The reasons for the instability of demand for consulting services described. The leadership matrix for Ukrainian consulting companies built in accordance with the typology of competitive strategies F. Kotler. The analysis revealed an updated list of competitive advantages of companies that formed under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic and martial law in Ukraine. It proved that the main advantage of companies is the competence of consultants. Recommendations for the development of consulting companies in Ukraine and strengthening their competitive advantages, taking into account the construction of an effective marketing management system and use the consulting service standard. The research results can be useful for consulting companies wishing to improve their competitiveness and to expand the segment of their services in the market.

Theorizing Omission: State Strategies for Withholding Official Recognition of Personhood

This article theorizes “omission,” which I define as the condition of being left out of administrative apparatuses, such as civil registers, censuses, and identity management systems. According to this theory, omission is not necessarily accidental but can constitute a political strategy. When even excluded statuses can be powerful grounds for claiming rights, resources, or membership, state actors can subvert such claims-making potential by depriving unwanted populations of the practical, material capacity to establish their legal personhood through documents and records. To situate omission, I develop a typology of documentary strategies additionally comprising “recognition,” “claims-making,” and “evasion.” Although my theorizing is informed by ethnographic research with unregistered families in Malaysia, scholars can apply this typology to multiperspectival, relational analyses of other empirical cases of documentary politics. Studying omissions has scholarly and ethical imperatives, not least to record the lives of populations denied, at times with existential consequences, the right to recognition.

Social Work with No Recourse to Public Fund Migrants: Obstacles and Strategies

Abstract Migrants with no recourse to public funds (NRPFs) are vulnerable to destitution due to the NRPF condition attached to their immigration status. In this quantitative study, fifty-five social workers in England completed an anonymous online survey identifying the obstacles faced in their practice with NRPF migrants and any strategies they developed to overcome these impediments. Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, the study identified four main obstacles when working with NRPF migrants: lack of resources to support NRPF migrants; lack of knowledge/skills; negative attitudes from colleagues and insufficient institutional support. Compared to their local authority counterparts, NHS social workers expressed lower levels of confidence in their knowledge and skill level, and received less specific training, organisational guidance and support in their work with NRPF migrants. A 4-fold typology of strategies used by social workers to overcome obstacles was devised from responses to an open-ended question. In addition to the need for more resourcing, the findings suggest a need for social work education and training on how to effectively support NRPF migrants using extant legislation and agencies, and suggest knowledge exchange to promote inter-agency collaboration.

Data and/as activism: Community-based racial justice data repertoires

This article maps the racial justice data repertoires of 11 community- and university-based projects at the nexus of racial and data justice. To examine them, I propose a typology of these co-occurring data activism strategies. Using a qualitative content analysis of organizations’ public statements ( n = 74), the typology allows me to examine the diverse, strategic nature of racial justice data repertoires. Their wide array reveals the contentious racial politics of data, or the ways data reproduces racial inequalities but can also be mobilized to contest them.