Research Strategy Research Articles

Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Linked to Metalworking Fluid Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Prostate cancer is a significant health concern, and occupational exposures, including metalworking fluid (MWF) exposure, have been implicated as potential risk factors. This protocol outlines a systematic review and meta-analysis methodology to investigate the association between MWF exposure and prostate cancer risk among male workers. Methods: Eligible studies include cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies published until between 1990 and 2023 focusing on MWF exposure and prostate cancer risk in male workers. Two independent reviewers will screen studies, extract data using a standardized form, conduct a meta-analysis using random-effects models, and assess study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity will be assessed, and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to explore sources of bias. Results: Anticipated outcomes include a comprehensive list of eligible studies, a synthesized analysis using random-effects meta-analysis models to estimate the association between MWF exposure and prostate cancer risk, and a quality assessment report of included studies. Subgroup analyses based on MWF type, exposure duration, and study design will be performed to explore heterogeneity. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aim to provide robust evidence on the association between MWF exposure and prostate cancer risk among male workers. The anticipated findings will have implications for occupational health practices and may guide future research and intervention strategies.

Research of on-line monitoring technology and control strategy for laser-directed energy deposition: a review

Research of on-line monitoring technology and control strategy for laser-directed energy deposition: a review

Challenges associated with managing treatment complications in an older patient with cardiac amyloidosis

BackgroundAmyloidosis, particularly wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt), is an increasingly recognized cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the aging population. The complexity of managing ATTRwt in older patients underscores the necessity for individualized treatment approaches, yet clinical guidelines are lacking. This case report contributes to the understanding of ATTRwt management in the elderly, emphasizing the intricacies of medication tolerance and therapeutic decision-making.Case presentationAn 83-year-old Korean man with a history of hypertension presented with dyspnea and peripheral edema. Investigations including electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and Technetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy led to a diagnosis of ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis. Initial management with heart failure medications, including an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, diuretic, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, was modified due to evolving clinical presentations, such as hypotension and onset of atrial fibrillation. Challenges included intolerance to beta-blockers and bleeding complications from direct oral anticoagulant therapy. The patient’s treatment journey highlighted the need for personalized management strategies in older ATTRwt patients.ConclusionsThis case illustrates the challenges in diagnosing and managing ATTRwt amyloidosis in the elderly, particularly the complexities in medication management due to the patient’s age, comorbid conditions, and side effects. It underscores the importance of a tailored approach in managing ATTRwt in older populations and highlights the need for ongoing research and development of treatment strategies tailored to this demographic.

EPID-08. PEDIATRIC GLIOMA IN INDONESIA: CLINICAL PROFILES AND OUTCOMES

Abstract BACKGROUNDS Gliomas are the most common form of pediatric brain tumor. The primary obstacle to optimizing pediatric brain tumor health services, particularly in LMICs, is the lack of comprehensive epidemiological data. We aim to compile comprehensive data on pediatric gliomas, focusing on clinical profiles and outcomes within a national general hospital in Indonesia. METHODS A retrospective observational longitudinal study was performed at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, focusing on glioma patients’ profiles and outcomes, registered under the pediatric CNS tumor service from January 2022 to December 2023. RESULTS Out of 50 suspected glioma patients, 28 patients (56%) underwent biopsy, 28% underwent other modalities (brainstem location), 12% were scheduled for surgery but had already died, 2% were in a watchful waiting mode, and 2% were scheduled for surgery but were lost to follow-up. Glioma-confirmed patients were predominantly female (57.1%), with a mean age of 7.11 ± 4.98. Low-grade gliomas predominated at 57.1%, a trend we attribute to Cipto Mangunkusumo’s status as a referral national hospital, where low-grade glioma cases may have been managed more frequently at lower-level hospitals. The majority of tumors were supratentorial (53.6%) compared to infratentorial (39.3%) and supra-infratentorial (7.1%). The most common symptoms were seizures (25%), followed by headaches (21.4%), disequilibrium (14.3%), and vomiting (10.7%). Moreover, the latter three symptoms exhibited a longer mean delay between symptom onset and medical consultation, potentially impacting prognosis. In the last follow-up, higher-grade gliomas demonstrated a significantly higher mortality rate at 28.6% compared to low-grade gliomas at 3.6% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Given the variable clinical characteristics of glioma tumors, these results underscore the urgent need for comprehensive epidemiological data on pediatric gliomas in Indonesia, particularly regarding prognosis-related factors. Such data could serve as a crucial step towards future research and clinical strategies aimed at improving outcomes for children with gliomas.

Strategi Nafkah (Livelihood Strategies) Petani Sawah Tadah Hujan pada Era Pandemi Covid-19 di Desa Kalampadu Kabupaten Ogan Ilir

Each household has a livelihood strategy. The livelihood strategy model carried out is related to the livelihood assets they have, but not all assets can be maximized well in farming household livelihood engineering. Livelihood assets are natural capital, physical capital, financial capital, human capital, and social capital. This study analyses livelihood strategies in the COVID-19 pandemic for rainfed rice farmers in Kalampadu Village, Muara Kuang District, Ogan Ilir Regency. This study will discuss research issues through the theory of livelihood strategies from Herbon and Manig through engineering farmers' livelihood assets. Researchers used descriptive research with a qualitative approach because the issue of rural livelihoods requires farmer subjectivity and in-depth data analysis. Data collection techniques used were participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. Researchers use phenomenological research strategies to explore the true meaning of livelihood strategies in identifying social, cultural, economic, and ecological farmers. The results showed that there were seven livelihood strategies for farmer households, namely 1) acquisition strategies, 2) allocation strategies, 3) production strategies, 4) social relation structure, 5) transformation strategies, 6) consumption strategies, and 7) reproduction strategies. The livelihood model of the farmer's household depends on the farmer's livelihood assets that are adaptive to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Challenges and Outcomes in the Management of Periprosthetic Humeral Fractures: A Retrospective Study and Review of Current Approaches.

Periprosthetic humeral fractures are a rare and increasing entity due to the rising number of shoulder arthroplasties. These fractures pose a significant challenge for surgeons, with incidence rates ranging from 1.2% to 19.4%. They can occur intraoperatively or as late complications, often influenced by trauma, prosthetic wear, or loosening. A retrospective study was conducted on all patients admitted with periprosthetic humeral fractures over a four-year period (2018-2022). Inclusion criteria were postoperative periprosthetic humeral fractures with a minimum follow-up of six months. Exclusion criteria included intraoperative fractures, fractures of the glenoid or coracoid process, and cases with follow-up of less than six months or incomplete data. The study included six patients with an average age of 83.1 years, predominantly female (four females andtwo males). All fractures occurred postoperatively: four on reverse shoulder prostheses, one on an anatomical prosthesis, and one on a hemiarthroplasty. The mechanism was low-energy trauma, with fractures occurring an average of 96 months post-initial surgery. Fractures were classified using the Campbell system: three in region 4, two in region 3, and one in region 2. Radiographs showed four cemented and two uncemented stems. Three patients underwent surgical treatment with either prosthetic replacement using a long stem and fracture cerclage or lockingcompression plate (LCP). The remaining three patients were treated conservatively with a Sarmiento brace due to advanced age, bone fragility, low functional demand, and comorbidities. Radial nerve palsy was a complication in two patients post-trauma, with one recovering fully and the other not recovering before death due to associated complications. All fractures consolidated within an average of seven months (range: 5-8 months).Functional recovery was satisfactory with a median Constant-Murley Shoulder Score of 69in surgically treated patients, with range of motion between 100 and 140 degrees. Only two conservatively treated patients achieved fracture consolidation, and functional recovery was inadequate. Managing periprosthetic humeral fractures remains challenging. Treatment goals include fracture healing, maintaining prosthetic stem stability, preserving glenohumeral motion, and restoring shoulder function. Despite various classification systems, the literature shows limited and variable data on incidence and treatment outcomes. Conservative treatment may be considered for stable implants and acceptable alignment, but surgical intervention is often necessary for displaced fractures or implant loosening. The management of periprosthetic humeral fractures requires a tailored, multidisciplinary approach to optimize outcomes and improve patient quality of life. With the increasing incidence of these fractures due to the growing use of shoulder arthroplasty, ongoing research and development of new techniques and therapeutic strategies are essential to address this clinical challenge effectively.

Mechanisms and Strategies of Advanced Oxidation Processes for Membrane Fouling Control in MBRs: Membrane-Foulant Removal versus Mixed-Liquor Improvement.

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are well-established and widely utilized technologies with substantial large-scale plants around the world for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Despite their widespread adoption, membrane fouling presents a significant impediment to the broader application of MBRs, necessitating ongoing research and development of effective antifouling strategies. As highly promising, efficient, and environmentally friendly chemical methods for water and wastewater treatment, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have demonstrated exceptional competence in the degradation of pollutants and inactivation of bacteria in aqueous environments, exhibiting considerable potential in controlling membrane fouling in MBRs through direct membrane foulant removal (MFR) and indirect mixed-liquor improvement (MLI). Recent proliferation of research on AOPs-based antifouling technologies has catalyzed revolutionary advancements in traditional antifouling methods in MBRs, shedding new light on antifouling mechanisms. To keep pace with the rapid evolution of MBRs, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive summary and discussion of the antifouling advances of AOPs in MBRs, particularly with a focus on understanding the realizing pathways of MFR and MLI. In this critical review, we emphasize the superiority and feasibility of implementing AOPs-based antifouling technologies in MBRs. Moreover, we systematically overview antifouling mechanisms and strategies, such as membrane modification and cleaning for MFR, as well as pretreatment and in-situ treatment for MLI, based on specific AOPs including electrochemical oxidation, photocatalysis, Fenton, and ozonation. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for selecting antifouling strategies (MFR or MLI) in MBRs, along with proposed regulatory measures for specific AOPs-based technologies according to the operational conditions and energy consumption of MBRs. Finally, we highlight future research prospects rooted in the existing application challenges of AOPs in MBRs, including low antifouling efficiency, elevated additional costs, production of metal sludge, and potential damage to polymeric membranes. The fundamental insights presented in this review aim to elevate research interest and ignite innovative thinking regarding the design, improvement, and deployment of AOPs-based antifouling approaches in MBRs, thereby advancing the extensive utilization of membrane-separation technology in the field of wastewater treatment.

Experimental models for peri-implant diseases: a narrative review.

Peri-implant diseases, being the most common implant-related complications, significantly impact the normal functioning and longevity of implants. Experimental models play a crucial role in discovering potential therapeutic approaches and elucidating the mechanisms of disease progression in peri-implant diseases. This narrative review comprehensively examines animal models and common modeling methods employed in peri-implant disease research and innovatively summarizes the in vitro models of peri-implant diseases. Articles published between 2015 and 2023 were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase. All studies focusing on experimental models of peri-implant diseases were included and carefully evaluated. Various experimental models of peri-implantitis have different applications and advantages. The dog model is currently the most widely utilized animal model in peri-implant disease research, while rodent models have unique advantages in gene knockout and systemic disease induction. In vitro models of peri-implant diseases are also continuously evolving to meet different experimental purposes. The utilization of experimental models helps simplify experiments, save time and resources, and promote advances in peri-implant disease research. Animal models have been proven valuable in the early stages of drug development, while technological advancements have brought about more predictive and relevant in vitro models. This review provides clear and comprehensive model selection strategies for researchers in the field of peri-implant diseases, thereby enhancing understanding of disease pathogenesis and providing possibilities for developing new treatment strategies.

Examining the Evolution and Components of the Culture of Learning in University Education: A Systematic Scoping Review

Introduction: The term "culture of learning" frequently appears in research on educational development and reform, yet defining it precisely remains challenging. Given its varied interpretations across scientific fields, it is crucial to review how authors use "culture of learning" in the context of modern educational environments. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine and map the existing literature on the concept of "culture of learning" within educational environments. Method: The research strategy for this scoping review was structured around the "problem, concept, and context (PCC)" framework to ensure a comprehensive and logical exploration of the literature. This approach facilitated the systematic identification and selection of relevant materials that provide a rationale for each chosen criterion. A detailed research protocol was established prior to initiating the study, outlining the objectives, inclusion criteria, and methodological approach. The reporting of this systematic scoping review adheres to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, ensuring transparency, rigor, and reproducibility in the review process. This methodology was selected to provide a clear and structured pathway for mapping the existing literature on the culture of learning, highlighting key themes, trends, and gaps within the field. Results: Upon reviewing 74 articles, we identified and clustered the most frequently occurring terms in the titles, resulting in the formation of five distinct area clusters. These clusters encompass: the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes (and their components); teaching/learning trends; learning styles and processes (and their components); learning model components; and the emphasis on academic literacy as an integral part of the learning culture. Additionally, components of the architecture of the culture of learning were identified: learning environments, learning groups, learning subcultures, learning approaches and methods, and learning values and traditions. This comprehensive analysis allowed to define and structure the components of the learning culture. Conclusion: This scoping review contributes to the ongoing efforts to understand the concept of the "culture of learning" by providing comprehensive definitions and analyzing its possible components. The results offer educators and policymakers a clearer understanding of what constitutes a culture of learning, enabling them to design and implement more effective educational strategies and policies. These findings can guide the development of curricula that better integrate various learning cultures, thereby enhancing the educational experience for students. By identifying key trends and components of the culture of learning, this review provides a foundation for further research that can explore new methodologies and approaches in education, ultimately leading to improved learning outcomes and more dynamic educational environments.

DMPs as Management Tool for Intellectual Assets by SMART-metrics

Data Management Plans (DMPs) are vital components of effective research data management (RDM). They serve not only as organisational tools but also as a structured framework dictating the collection, processing, sharing/publishing, and management of data throughout the research data life cycle. This can include existing data curation standards, the establishment of data handling protocols, and the creation, when necessary, of community curation policies. Therefore, DMPs present a unique opportunity to harmonise project management efforts for optimising the formulation and execution of project objectives. To harness the full potential of DMPs as project management tools, the SMART approach (i.e., Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound) emerges as a compelling methodology. During the initial stage of the project proposal, drafted SMART metrics can offer a systematic approach to map work packages (WPs) and deliverables to the overarching project objectives. Then, the Principal Investigators (PIs) can ensure the consortia that all the project potential intellectual assets (i.e., expected research results) were considered properly, as well as their necessary timelines, resources, and execution. It becomes imperative for data stewards (DSs) and governance policymakers to educate and provide guidelines to researchers on the advantages of developing well-curated DMPs that align results with SMART metrics. This alignment ensures that every intellectual asset intended as a research result (e.g., intellectual properties, publications, datasets, and software) within the project is subject to rigorous drafted planning, execution, and accountability. Consequently, the risk of unforeseen setbacks and/or deviations from the original objectives is minimised, increasing the traceability and transparency of the research data life cycle. In addition, the integration of Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) into this proposed enhanced DMP provides a systematic method to evaluate the maturity and readiness of technologies across scientific disciplines. Regular TRL assessments will allow PIs: (1) to monitor the WP progress, (2) to adapt research strategies if required, and (3) to ensure the projects remain in line with the drafted SMART metrics in the enhanced DMP before the project started. The TRLs can also help PIs maintain their focus on project milestones and specific tasks aligned with the original objectives, contributing to the overall success of their endeavours, while improving the transparency for the reporting and divulgation of the research results. The paper presents the overall framework for enhancing DMPs as project management tools for any intellectual assets using SMART metrics and TRLs, as well as introducing suggested support services for data stewardship teams to assist PIs when implementing this novel framework effectively.

The Role of Emerging Technologies of Students' Academic Achievement at Polytechnic Seberang Perai

Education is crucial for global progress and is always changing due to the impact of current technologies. Ongoing discussions focus on how developing technologies are affecting teaching and learning approaches. This essay examines how incorporating new technology in education impacts academic success. Although technology is deemed essential for information dissemination in education, the influence of new technology on academic success is still uncertain. This research examines the elevated failure rates at Seberang Perai Polytechnic (PSP) in Malaysia, linking them to factors including insufficient information, slow progress in studies, and inadequate time management. The study seeks to investigate the influence of new technologies on academic achievement at PSP. The study uses an ex post facto research strategy and quantitative approaches to gather data from 200 respondents at PSP. The study aims to identify the new technologies used by students in various departments and evaluate how these technologies affect academic achievement. Chi-Square analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient are used to test hypotheses. The survey shows that modern technology is widely accessible, with cellphones being the most favored among pupils. Noticeable discrepancies in technological access across departments have been discovered. Weak connections exist between technology usage frequency and academic achievement, with just one statistically meaningful association discovered in obtaining material on the internet. The research helps fill the void in literature on the use of new technologies for academic objectives within the context of PSP. The results underscore the need of teaching students about efficient technology utilization to improve academic results. The study highlights that the presence of new technologies does not automatically lead to academic progress. Academic improvement relies on how students incorporate these resources into their learning methods. Suggestions involve teaching students how to use technology effectively and understanding that academic success is not guaranteed solely by using technology.

Energy recovery of four-wheel hub motor driven vehicle in steering-braking condition

The factors that affect the efficiency of braking energy recovery is a crucial and worthy research problem for the four-wheel hub motor driven (FWHMD) electric vehicle (EV). This paper presents an energy classification statistical method by integrating the direct current (DC) of the power battery and considering the efficiency of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). According to the characteristics of DC, the energy recovered and consumed by the motor during regenerative braking is divided into total recovered energy, net recovered energy and dissipated energy. Then, the influence of steering resistance on braking energy recovery of the steering braking is analyzed by using the proposed energy statistical method and combining Carsim and Matlab/Simulink co-simulation. Firstly, a closed-loop coupling model combined with the PMSM and vehicle dynamics is established. Secondly, the braking energy recovery only the PMSM engaged is simulated for different brake strengths under steering-braking conditions, also the stability of the vehicle is analyzed and the recovery energy is counted. Lastly, the energy recovered is compared with the recovery energy by longitudinal braking under the same braking strength. The results show that the energy recovery of the steering regenerative braking conditions with braking strengths of 0.1 and 0.2 is 4.10% and 1.90% less than that of the longitudinal braking conditions with the same braking strengths, respectively, and the steering resistance is constant. The reduction of the recovery energy is only related to the braking time. Meanwhile, the research in this paper provides a reference significance for the research of braking energy recovery strategies for FWHMD vehicles.

UNLOCKING THE POWER OF DATA: EFFECTIVE DATA-DRIVEN MARKETING STRATEGIES TO ENGAGE MILLENNIAL CONSUMERS

As the marketing landscape continues to evolve, data-driven strategies have emerged as a critical component in effectively reaching and engaging with the millennial consumer demographic. In the age of big data, data driven marketing has become a powerful tool for businesses seeking to gain a competitive edge and optimise customer engagement. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on effective data-driven marketing strategies to reach millennial consumers. It explores the use of big data and social relationship maps to identify key influencers and leverage their reach for exponential information dissemination. Additionally, the review examines various approaches and tactics for engaging with millennial consumers using data-driven techniques. Key findings suggest that effective data-driven marketing strategies can significantly enhance consumer engagement, brand loyalty, and overall marketing effectiveness. The paper aims to provide insights and understanding of the current research and best practices in data-driven marketing strategies for targeting the millennial demographic.

Parental impact during and after neonatal intensive care admission

Parents play a pivotal role in neurodevelopmental outcomes of their children in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and beyond. Integration of parents in clinical care and research is synergistic. Engaged parents yield more comprehensive clinical care and more robust and meaningful research products. Subsequently, successful clinical and research efforts improve outcomes for children. We review strategies for parental integration into NICU clinical care and research, including parental involvement in therapeutic interventions and neurodevelopmental care, and effective communication strategies for clinicians and researchers. We discuss challenges in neonatal trials and emphasize the need for building a culture of research, collaborative partnerships with patient advocacy organizations, and ongoing support beyond the NICU. Overall, we call for recognizing and fostering the impactful role of parents as teammates with clinicians and researchers in optimizing neurodevelopmental outcomes in the NICU and beyond.

STRENGTHENING RESEARCH PEDAGOGY: STUDENT’S ONLINE RESEARCH EXPERIENCES, CHALLENGES, AND EFFECTIVE TEACHING STRATEGIES

Given the growing trend of delivering classes through online and virtual environments, it is vital to gain a nuanced understanding of students’ online research learning experiences, the factors that contributed to their choice of learning modality, the challenges they encountered, and the effective online research teaching practices and strategies that supported them in completing the course. Although some studies have looked into this area, there is limited literature on research courses conducted online. Thus, this study attempts to fill that gap. Using a mixed-methods approach, the results revealed that overall, there is a significant difference in the projected performance of 204 asynchronous students compared to their actual achievement. Likewise, a significant difference is also evident in the projected performance of the 67 synchronous students compared to their actual achievement. Furthermore, it is of note that the synchronous students projected higher performance and actually attained better marks, with a significant difference in actual achievement compared to their asynchronous counterparts. Analysis of qualitative data also revealed factors that influenced the disparity, including internet connection issues, communication challenges, learning environment, time management, and group dynamics. Additionally, effective teaching practices that facilitated the completion of collaborative research projects include clarity of learning materials, reasonable deadlines, teacher support and understanding, availability for consultation and feedback, and interactive and engaging teaching methods. Consequently, these results can be used to inform and improve research teaching practices, learning materials design, and assessment tool development. More significantly, it may be used as the basis for institutional policies about online research learning. Keywords: online research collaboration, online research experiences, quality education, research pedagogy, sustainable development goals

Sustainable Enablers of Knowledge Management Strategies in a Higher Education Institution

By facilitating the capture, organization, and dissemination of knowledge within and beyond the institution, knowledge management (KM) in higher education institutions (HEIs) fuels innovation, enhances research impact, and strengthens collaboration, ultimately leading to the creation of new knowledge and its valuable exchange. However, there is still much to explore in terms of the enablers of knowledge creation, sharing, and transfer. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the enablers of effective KM in the Polytechnique University of Leiria, which serves as a benchmark for other higher education institutions due to its leadership role in RUN-EU, a consortium of European universities. To achieve this, a narrative analysis based on information from SCOPUS and the institute’s website, focusing on innovation, research, and development strategies, is proposed. The findings suggest that for KM initiatives to be successful, they need to be strategically designed, culturally supported, technologically enabled, and integrated into existing workflows.

Emergent Patterns, Collaborative Networks and Thematic Evolution on Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Scientometric Study.

To conduct a scientometric analysis on black stains, and dental caries, with a focus on identifying emergent patterns, collaborative networks, and thematic evolution. A retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted using a scientometric approach. The Scopus database was utilized for literature search, selecting articles published between 1976 and 2023. The literature search was carried out on February 8, 2024, using AND and OR Boolean operators which were adapted to the search strategy. Finally, SciVal used different scientometric indicators such as "Scholarly Output", "Views Count", "Field-Weighted Citation Impact" and the "Citation Count". A total of 13 documents from 10 different sources were analyzed, covering a period from 1976 to 2023. Despite an annual growth rate of 0%, each document has an average of 21.08 citations, indicating their relevance in the field. The documents have an average age of 12.9 years and contain 336 references. A total of 143 additional keywords and 26 author keywords were identified. The documents were written by 62 different authors, with an average of 5 coauthors per document and 30.77% international coauthorships. The results indicate a significant relevance of the documents in the field, a notable collaboration among authors, and a significant thematic evolution in the research topics. The mentioned institutions and sources produced documents with notable results, indicating a significant interest and impact in the field. This study provides a detailed view of the trends and patterns in the research of dental caries and black stains. The findings can assist dental health professionals in better understanding the prevalence and impact of these conditions. Furthermore, it can guide future research and treatment strategies in this field. How to cite this article: Mayta-Tovalino F, Espinoza-Carhuancho F, Reyes-Carmona J, et al. Emergent Patterns, Collaborative Networks and Thematic Evolution on Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Scientometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):326-330.

Algorithm-assisted discovery of an intrinsic order among mathematical constants

In recent decades, a growing number of discoveries in mathematics have been assisted by computer algorithms, primarily for exploring large parameter spaces. As computers become more powerful, an intriguing possibility arises-the interplay between human intuition and computer algorithms can lead to discoveries of mathematical structures that would otherwise remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate computer-assisted discovery of a previously unknown mathematical structure, the conservative matrix field. In the spirit of the Ramanujan Machine project, we developed a massively parallel computer algorithm that found a large number of formulas, in the form of continued fractions, for numerous mathematical constants. The patterns arising from those formulas enabled the construction of the first conservative matrix fields and revealed their overarching properties. Conservative matrix fields unveil unexpected relations between different mathematical constants, such as π and ln(2), or e and the Gompertz constant. The importance of these matrix fields is further realized by their ability to connect formulas that do not have any apparent relation, thus unifying hundreds of existing formulas and generating infinitely many new formulas. We exemplify these implications on values of the Riemann zeta function ζ (n), studied for centuries across mathematics and physics. Matrix fields also enable new mathematical proofs of irrationality. For example, we use them to generalize the celebrated proof by Apéry of the irrationality of ζ (3). Utilizing thousands of personal computers worldwide, our research strategy demonstrates the power of large-scale computational approaches to tackle longstanding open problems and discover unexpected connections across diverse fields of science.

Thermodynamic performance analysis of direct methanol solid oxide fuel cell hybrid power system for ship application

Methanol is a fuel that can be directly supplied to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) without carbon deposition. This paper introduces the direct methanol SOFC-Internal combustion engine (ICE) hybrid power and SOFC-Gas turbine (GT) hybrid power systems. Thermodynamic performance analysis of the hybrid power systems and an investigation into the impact of various parameters were conducted. The results indicate that the electric efficiency of the SOFC-ICE system is 56.07 %, which is 3 percentage points higher than the SOFC-GT system but 3–4 percentage points lower than the SOFC-ICE system with pre-reforming. Increasing fuel utilization rate, operation temperature, and excess air ratio is beneficial to the performance of the SOFC, and raising current density helps improve the system's power density. Load-sharing strategy research demonstrates that in a scenario where the power ratio between SOFC and the ICE is 35:65, compared to a methanol engine, the efficiency of the SOFC-ICE hybrid power system increases by 4.3 %. Despite a 1.4-fold increase in weight and a 1.66-fold increase in cost, the fuel consumption rate and carbon emissions decrease by 8.8 %. Therefore, the strategy of combining a high-power engine with a low-power SOFC is currently a suitable load-sharing strategy for ship applications.

Investigating the Impact of Professional Training on Senior University Students in Uzbekistan: Kimyo International University Senior Students' Perceptions

This research aims to examine how senior students at Uzbekistan's Kimyo International University (KIUT) benefit from professional training in terms of their professional development. The study aims to determine how senior university students' professional development is affected by workplace training, and secondly, how professional training affects the development of senior university students' career skills. A qualitative research strategy is used in the study's methodology. The semi-structured interview is the tool used for qualitative research. Eight seniors from Tashkent's Kimyo International University (KIUT) participated in the qualitative method's semi-structured interview. After interviewing eight key participants from Kimyo International University in Tashkent (KIUT), the researchers preferred the reflexive thematic analysis method for analyzing the interview transcripts. Students' training contributes to senior students' professional development, as indicated by the qualitative findings. According to this research, training also helps students hone their interpersonal and professional skills, which are crucial for their future employment. Participants' knowledge, practices, and professional community were positively impacted, and their potential in the training workplaces was enhanced, by the direct impacts of training content emphasis, active learning, and follow-up. Perceived knowledge, practice, professional, and interpersonal skills had a significant influence on students' practice and learning outcomes, which in turn affected the effectiveness of the training programs. Findings from this research have important implications for professional development and the acquiring of practical skills among university seniors. In addition, senior-year students at universities may benefit greatly from internships and other forms of professional training to hone their interpersonal and professional competence. Nevertheless, in order to determine the efficacy of professional training in enhancing career skills and 21st-century skills, longitudinal studies with more representative samples are required.