Tactical Strategies Research Articles

A Study on Improving Tactical Strategies in Sports Games Using Optimization Algorithms

Abstract Sports are dynamic, unpredictable battles that require teams to develop strategic plans for making use of their advantages and adjust to changing conditions during play. In this study, we use optimization algorithms to improve the tactical methods which are used in sports games. Tactics are the intentional, premeditated moves, choices, and configurations made by groups or individuals to accomplish particular goals and outplay their rivals. The number of corresponding solutions addresses the problem of designing security strategies optimally using a game theory simulation. In this simulation, players choose to attack the structure based on certain unpredictable attack scenarios, while the attacker selects the way to defend the system by managing the available options for strategic solutions. The unpredictable nature of human performance is a barrier to the advancement of sports strategy tactics, since players may depart from pre-planned plans as a result of weariness, injuries, or emotional states. We suggested the self-regulated immune cat swarm optimization (SRICSO) strategy as a solution to these issues to improve tactical strategies in sports. A National Basketball Association (NBA) dataset was gathered for this study’s evaluation. The collected dataset underwent preprocessing using the minmax normalization technique, and feature extraction was accomplished through the use of principal component analysis. We compare our method’s precision (87%), accuracy (97%), F2-score (95%), and recall (92%) with more traditional methods such as the optimized convolutional neural network (OCNN), naïve Bayes (NB), and random forest (RF). According to the findings of an assessment conducted with a dataset from the NBA, the SRICSO approach was shown to have higher performance in terms of improving tactical strategies in sports.

Determinants of sustainable performance: The mediating role of strategic agility and the moderating role of leadership

In facing increasingly stiff competition in higher education services, it is imperative to institute precise management of higher education organizations to maintain their ideal aspects. Beyond merely implementing marketing concepts, every individual within the organization must be capable of envisioning the institution's vision and mission, bolstered by formulating appropriate tactical strategies to foster competitive advantage for the University. This research aims to ascertain the influence of the relationship between competitive advantage, digital transformation, and resource advantages on Sustainable Performance College through strategy agility as a mediating variable and leadership as a moderating variable. The research methodology employs path analysis using Partial Least Square (Smart-PLS) software version 3.0 with a population of 66 private universities in the LLDikti III region, namely private universities. A sample of 198 respondents is selected using the saturated sample method. The research findings demonstrate that Competitive Advantage positively and significantly affects Strategic Agility, Digital Transformation positively and substantially impacts Strategic Agility, Resource Advantage positively influences Strategic Agility, Competitive Advantage positively influences Sustainable Performance College, Digital Transformation positively and significantly affects Sustainable Performance College, Resource Advantage positively impacts Sustainable Performance College, and Strategic Agility positively and significantly influences Sustainable Performance College.

Modeling the gameplay actions of elite volleyball players and teams based on statistical match reports

Background and Study Aim. In modern sports analysis statistical modeling of gameplay actions based on match data is becoming a key tool for optimizing training processes and tactical preparation. The aim of the research is to create models of volleyball players' actions based on statistical reports of the 2022 World Championship matches.
 Materials and methods. The study used statistical data on the World Volleyball Championship matches among men. The data was extracted from open internet sources and converted into tables in CSV format. These tables were processed in the PyCharm programming environment using Python code. The pandas library was used for data analysis and statistical operations, and 'scikit-learn' for machine learning.
 Results. Models are presented that best predict the results for teams and volleyball players. Important features for teams have been identified, indicating the successful execution of game elements for the team. The regression equations for the team represent a linear combination of various gameplay metrics that affect the total number of points the team scores in a match. They also emphasize the importance of action elements. Linear regression equations predict the total number of points a volleyball player scores based on various statistical indicators.
 Conclusions. It is recommended to use statistical modeling to optimize training and tactical strategies based on key gameplay metrics. Linear regression equations can assist in evaluating the effectiveness of a player and team. Regular data updates will ensure the relevance of models for better match preparation. Consideration should be given to the possibilities of implementing analytical tools based on the developed models into training programs to optimize the team's preparation for future matches.

Emerging Technologies to Promote Fans Interaction in Football Events: A Systematic Review

As the digital revolution continues to take hold in contemporary society, new technology and communications networks have provided football with new possibilities and prospects for expansion. This study provides an assessment of the published research regarding innovative digital tools designed to increase the interactivity of fans when watching a football match, regardless of whether they do it at home or at the stadium. A systematic review of the literature was performed, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The final sample included eleven studies for analysis. Overall, the investigations that structure this review seem to be in the early stages of their development, with eight of them making tests with the target audience and the other three still in protocol development processes. Six studies concluded that fans had positive and exciting experiences using mobile applications or interactive systems. Two studies showed promising results in the area of football fans’ health, and only one study showed some difficulties for fans using an ad hoc network in the stadium. Adding personal information, fan interaction systems, specific information about the players and the teams’ tactical strategies, and interactive fan voting seem to be important elements for designing a successful interactive tool that contributes to increasing fans’ enthusiasm during football matches.

Does the First Goal Scorer Win in Football? U 19 League Example

This study was conducted to examine the effect of the first goals scored by the 18 football teams in the U-19 Elite Academy Football League. In this context, the distribution of the goals scored and conceded by the teams in home and away matches according to the time periods of 15 minutes each were analysed. The official web page of TFF (Turkish Football Federation) at https://tff.org was used to collect data. 34.21% of the first goals scored between 0-15th minutes, 39.29% of the first goals scored by the champion team were scored between 16-30th minutes. All teams in the league won 70.76% of the matches in which they scored the first goal, while only 14.91% of the matches in which they conceded the first goal were lost and 14.33% ended in a draw. It was concluded that the rate of leaving with a win the competitions in which the champion team scored the first goal was 82.14%, which is quite high. In the matches in which all teams in the league scored the first goal, the average points per match was 2.27, champion team was 2.57. As a result, it can be said that the first goal scored is mostly concentrated in the first half of the competitions and in the first 15 minutes, the first goal scored in football is important both in winning the matches and in achieving the desired point average per match, and coaches should develop tactical strategies on scoring the first goal.

Differences in playing style and technical performance according to the team ranking in the Spanish football LaLiga. A thirteen seasons study.

This study aimed to explore the differences in playing style and technical performance according to the ranking level in Spanish football teams. The sample comprised 38 professional teams that competed in LaLiga from 2008/09 to 2020/21, with a total of 4940 matches. The teams were grouped by their final ranking position: Champion (1st); Champions League (2nd-4th); Europa League (5th-6th); middle teams (7th-17th); and relegated teams (18th-20th). Linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of the team ranking on variables related to playing style and technical performance. The F2 statistic was calculated as effect size (ES). Regarding the style of play, the Champion teams initiated offensive sequences from a more advanced field position than the remaining ranking groups with a descending effect as the ranking position decreased (p < 0.001; ES = medium). The sequence duration and passes per sequence showed a decreasing effect across ranking groups (both p < 0.001; ES = small). In contrast, the direct speed showed an increasing effect as the ranking position decreased (p < 0.001; ES = small). A decreasing effect was observed in the number of sequences ending in the final third as the ranking position decreased (p < 0.001; ES = large) while no effect was found for the sequences ending in a shot. There was a reduction effect in ball possession, passing accuracy, through balls and crosses as the teams' ranking decreased (all p < 0.001; ES = small-to-large). In summary, higher-ranked teams had an advanced starting position, longer offensive sequences, slower progression speed, more ball possession, higher passing accuracy, and more crosses and through balls than lower-ranked teams. Football coaches should consider that adopting a playing style focused on regaining the ball possession in advanced field zones and using long passing sequences can be an effective tactical strategy to improve the teams' ranking during the season.

An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Approach to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Network Target Assignment in Three-Dimensional Scenarios

Target assignment has been a hot topic of research in the academic and industrial communities for swarms of multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAVs). Traditional methods mainly focus on cooperative target assignment in planes, and they ignore three-dimensional scenarios for the multi-UAV network target assignment problem. This paper proposes a method for target assignment in three-dimensional scenarios based on evolutionary game theory to achieve cooperative targeting for multi-UAVs, significantly improving operational efficiency and achieving maximum utility. Firstly, we construct an evolutionary game model including game participants, a tactical strategy space, a payoff matrix, and a strategy selection probability space. Then, a multi-level information fusion algorithm is designed to evaluate the overall attack effectiveness of multi-UAVs against multiple targets. The replicator equation is leveraged to obtain the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) and dynamically update the optimal strategy. Finally, a typical scenario analysis and an effectiveness experiment are carried out on the RflySim platform to analyze the calculation process and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can effectively provide a target assignment solution for multi-UAVs.

A meta-regression analysis of environmental sustainability practices and firm performance

The growing concern with environmental protection has transformed companies' environmental responsibility into a tactical strategy to increase their competitiveness. The influence of environmental sustainability practices on companies' performance is on the agenda, and it is not consensual. This study intends to analyse the impact of the adoption of sustainable practices on the performance of companies. The heterogeneous results of 96 studies (taken from the Web of Science) were synthesized using meta-regression analyses, from which data on 339 effects were collected. Unlike previous studies that consider performance a one-dimensional construct, this study takes an original approach to performance. Effects were analysed on five different performance measures: (i) the overall performance, (ii) the accounting-based, (iii) the market-based, (iv) the economic-based and (v) the operational-based firm performance. Indirect effects were also explored. Environmental sustainability practices positively influence the five performance measures, even if environmental preservation is not the only motivation for their implementation. The study reinforces the idea that it is profitable for companies to be green. The environmental pressures of stakeholders must be seen as opportunities and contribute to improving the multiple aspects of competitiveness. To accommodate environmental concerns, business ethics must be updated.

Tactical Strategies, Women Suicide Bombers and Terrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Boko Haram

Tactical Strategies, Women Suicide Bombers and Terrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Boko Haram

PERSUASIVE POTENTIAL OF PRECEDENT STATEMENTS IN THE RHETORICAL DISCOURSE OF THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE PANDEMIC (IN GERMAN-LANGUAGE MEDIA)

The article presents an analysis of precedent statements in socio-political discourse, which is reflected in different types of media texts thematically related to the coronavirus pandemic. The described means of language contributes to the realization of various communicative strategies, first of all the strategy of persuasion. The article demonstrates the role of precedent statements and illustrates their persuasive potential as one of the fundamental elements of intertextuality category in the framework of rhetorical media discourse. As an effective means of implementing both the global strategy of persuasion and specific communicative tactics - warning, threatening, manipulating, discrediting, etc. - precedent statements are regularly reproduced in different types of rhetorical discourse (political, economic, religious, etc.) and make a significant contribution to achieving the main perlocutionary effect - inducing the recipient to take a certain action.

“It is as if They are Taking Advantage of a Bad Situation”

This article analyzes six female school teachers’ narratives of navigating increased care work at home with online teaching during COVID-19 in India. A theoretical framework of decolonizing feminist research, with an emphasis on moving beyond Anglo/Eurocentric forms of feminist knowledge-making, frames the study. Based on the interviews, the research reveals that the home emerged as a site for resistance to the gendered division of care work in marriages via the use of the tactical strategy of relying on family members other than the husband. Within the limited scope of the study, the schools emerged as sites of institutional betrayal manifested in administrative actions and inactions such as removing contractual teachers, scheduling meetings outside work hours, increasing surveillance, and not providing digital support. These administrative decisions were perceived by the participants as motivated by profit-making; displaying complete disregard for the teachers’ well-being. The findings advance our understanding of how emergencies such as COVID-19 exacerbate the exploitation of those female members in the labor force who are already marginalized through contractual undervalued work or the inordinate burden of caregiving. It also offers important suggestions for policy makers concerned with creating safe and inclusive working spaces for female teachers in the global south.

Nash equilibrium and tennis serve performance: a game theory analysis

ABSTRACT This study presents an in-depth analysis of the serve in men’s singles tennis matches at Wimbledon based on game theory, with the quantitative tool of the stroke performance relevance (SPR) model. This model quantifies tennis tactics more precisely, taking “each stroke” as the observation unit, and it includes scoring, losing points, and sequential information. Unlike traditional methods that consider “each point”, the SPR metrics captures the role of specific technical actions throughout the match more comprehensively. While standard serve data like aces and double faults have no significant impact on match outcomes, the serve SPR index does. In a game matrix model with two pure strategy Nash equilibria, both the winner and loser show higher SPR indices than those with fewer equilibria. Winners consistently exhibited a higher serve SPR index, indicating that the two pure strategy Nash equilibria significantly influenced match outcomes on grass courts. This underscores the role of tactical strategies and Nash equilibrium in determining match results, offering scientific and theoretical support for tennis athletes’ and coaches’ tactics.

The relationship of player load and anaerobic performance in different football playing strategies

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of player load on the anaerobic performance of soccer players. Material and Method. Eighty Turkish Super League U21 players (age:19.56±1.3 years, height: 180.3±2.1cm, weight: 75.9±3.7kg) were involved in this study. The players completed eight different 11v11 training games. While one team practiced the ball possession and “defense as a team” strategy, the other team implemented the counterattacking strategy. The formation was kept as “4-4-2”. The games were played as 2x20-min training matches. Maximum heart rate, player load, ratings of perceived exertion, high running speed, and sprint performances were analyzed. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used in determining the level of correlation between quantitative variables. Linear regression analyses were carried out to examine the effect of player load on anaerobic performance components in different strategies and positions. Results. Compared to tactical strategy, player load values were found to be different from all positions (P&lt;0.05). It was observed that maximum hearth rate, ratings of perceived exertion, high running speed, and sprint data were correlated with player load data (p&lt;0.05). Given the results achieved from the regression analysis, it was determined that an increase in player load data caused an increment in these data. Conclusions. In conclusion, it was observed that player load data affect position-specific anaerobic performance in football. It is thought that the use of the data related to player load, acceleration, and deceleration in the training planning in accordance with the positions of players and the team strategies will increase the performance of the athlete.

Adapting to the New Normal: The Teaching and Learning of Parasitology Course During Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: The emergence of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had the Malaysian Authorities enforce strict actions and tactical strategies to control the widespread disease. Education was one of the sectors greatly affected during that period. Hence, this survey was carried out to investigate the challenges in adapting to the new norms of which academicians and students face in teaching and learning Parasitology subjects in Malaysia. Methods: The qualitative explorative questionnaires (online survey) were administered to academicians and students who volunteered to participate in this study from February 2021 till April 2021 via Google form. Results: Based on the results gathered from pools of academicians and students (n=142), many academicians prefer the online teaching method (60%) over the physical, face-to-face teaching method. Surprisingly, 60% of the lecturers and 75.5% students were neutral on the question whether virtual online practical lesson is efficient as a live session for teaching. The current study has found that the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown had varying degrees of impact on most participants’ academic achievement. Conclusion: Online teaching offers more freedom to lecturers and students to learn at their own paces and spaces. The recommendations from academicians and students indicated that they welcomed and were comfortable with online learning methods for Parasitology subjects in the future. However, as the laboratory practical, they prefer it to be held via physical (face- to face) sessions.

Analysis of the Implementation Strategy forElectronification of Local Government Transactions (ETPD) in Soppeng Regency, Indonesia

Abstract&#x0D; This study aims to determine the appropriate strategy for the implementation of Electronification of Local Government Transactions (ETPD) program in Indonesia through SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. ETPD program, as promoted by the Presidential Decree Number 3 of 2021, is intended to provide maximum benefits to local government and the community. To achieve the primary objective of this study, a descriptive method was employed, with Soppeng Regency Local Government serving as the focal point. Accordingly, the analysis was based on the Cartesian diagram and from the obtained results it was found that the appropriate strategy for digitalization in the Regency lied in Quadrant II (positive, negative). Thisstudy concluded that internal factors such as the decree regarding the P2DD Task Force, increased regional revenue, young and active employees, and the successful bureaucratic reform initiatives, are significant strengths possessed by theSoppeng Regency Local Government. However, these strengths were accompanied by challenges or threats from certain external factors including insufficient banking infrastructure, lack of digital literacy socialization, and inadequate telecommunications network. Given these conditions, it was crucial to adopt a diversified approach and formulate additional tactical strategy, rather than solely relying on existing ones, to ensure that the local government would be able to effectively carry out their tasks and provide optimal services to the community.

PROFESIONALISME PRAJURIT TNI AU KORP KOMUNIKASI NAVIGASI (STUDI KASUS PADA DEPOHAR 40 BANDUNG)

The maintenance Depot 40 or what so-called Depohar 40 is a unit having the responsibility to conduct the middle and heavy-level maintenance for communication, navigation tool, computer, simulator and specified electronic devices. In recent days, the task implementation, and the professionalism of Depohar personnel still could not be fully achieved as it is expected, so it requires research to study it. The research also describes the condition of the personnel capability, infrastructure and supporting equipment and also the integrity of the Depohar Personnel. Professionalism according to Longman (in Hasanah,2019) can also be interpreted as the behaviour, skills or qualities of a professional person. The research applies the qualitative and SWOT analysis, which has been formulated to be the selected called as diversification strategy as the result to implement the professionalism of the Depohar 40 Personnel. The result of the analysis is Strategy Diversification, meaning that the Depohar 40 organization is in a stable condition but faces a number of formidable challenges, so it is predicted that the institution will experience difficulties in carrying out daily activities if it only sticks to the previous strategy. Therefore Depohar 40 is advised to immediately expand its tactical strategy; so that the strategy will focus on using force to overcome the threats it faces. It is hoped that if this strategy is implemented, the professionalism of Depohar 40 soldiers can be realized soon

WINTER SPECIALIZED IMMUNOLOGY SCHOOL, “INBORN ERRORS OF IMMUNITY”

On December 15–17, 2022, the Winter Specialized Immunology School, “Inborn Errors of Immunity,” was held in Uzhgorod of Zakarpattia Region with the support of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, the International Interdisciplinary Association of Medical Professionals, the All-Ukrainian Association of Pediatric Immunology NGO, and the International European University. This school aims to analyze new approaches to the early diagnosis of primary/congenital disorders of the immune response in the context of the multidisciplinary approach, as well as to discuss the strategy of therapeutic tactics of such patients. The scientific event was held in the case marathon and direct communication formats. At the beginning of the event, a round table was held with the participation of regional experts in pediatric and adult immunology from different parts of Ukraine. More active cooperation with European colleagues and the creation of a national registry of immunodeficient patients with impaired antibody synthesis were noted. More than 20 speeches by clinical immunologists/pediatric immunologists were presented during two days of intensive work. During this school, results of Biopharma activities, a domestic producer of immunoglobulins, and plans for the future were presented in the field of domestic immunology development and diagnosis of patients with inborn errors of immunity. Discussions during the Winter School revealed the need to actively protect persons with congenital disorders of the immune system against infections by means of timely systematic seasonal vaccination, replacement immunoglobulin therapy, prophylactic antimicrobial therapy, and coordinated activities of specialists from various fields to provide immunological aid to patients in war conditions. At the end of the “Inborn Errors of Immunity” Winter School, organizers expressed confidence that most efforts and ideas highlighted during the professional meeting will be successfully implemented.

Study State Dynamics of Team Passing Networks in Soccer Games

ABSTRACT Complex networks have been widely used in studying collective behaviours in soccer sports, such as examining tactical strategies, recognizing team characteristics, and discovering topological determinants for high team performance. The passing network of a team evolves and displays different temporal patterns, that are strongly linked to team status, tactical strategies, attacking/defending transitions, etc. Nevertheless, existing research has not illuminated the state dynamics of team passing networks, whereas similar methods have been extensively used in examining the dynamical brain networks constructed from human brain neuroimage data. This study aims to investigate the state dynamics of team passing networks in soccer sports. The introduced method incorporates multiple techniques, including sliding time window, network modeling, graph distance measure, clustering, and cluster validation. The final match of the FIFA World Cup 2018 was taken as an example, and the state dynamics of teams Croatia and France were analyzed respectively. Additionally, the effects of the time windows and graph distance measures on the results were briefly discussed. This study presents a novel outlook on examining the dynamics of team passing networks, as it facilitates the recognition of important team states or state transitions in soccer and other team ball-passing sports for further analysis.

Analysis and Research on Technical and Tactical Action Recognition in Football Based on 3D Neural Network

Abstract The current action recognition analysis method is easily affected by factors such as background, illumination, and target angle, which not only has low accuracy, but also relies on prior knowledge. Research on the identification and analysis of technical and tactical movements in football. According to the characteristics of football video, a multi-resolution three-dimensional convolutional neural network is constructed by combining the convolutional neural network and the three-dimensional neural network. The supervised training algorithm is used to update the network weights and thresholds, and the video images are input into the input layer. After the convolutional layer, sub-sampling layer and fully connected layer and other network layers to obtain action recognition results. The principal component analysis method is used to reduce the dimension to process the action data set, and the Fourier transform method is used to filter out the principal component noise. The experimental results show that the method can effectively identify the technical and tactical movements of athletes from complex football game videos, and analyze the applied technical and tactical strategies. The average value of accuracy, recall and precision of technical and tactical analysis is as high as 0.96, 0.97, and 0.95, and the recognition and analysis effect has significant advantages.

Effect of Lithium Substitution Ratio of Polymeric Binders on Interfacial Conduction within All-Solid-State Battery Anodes.

Problematic issues with electrically inert binders have been less serious in the conventional lithium-ion batteries by virtue of permeable liquid electrolytes (LEs) for ionic connection and/or carbonaceous additives for electronic connection in the electrodes. Contrary to electron-conductive binders used to maximize an active loading level, the development of ion-conductive binders has been lacking owing to the LE-filled electrode configuration. Herein, we represent a tactical strategy for improving the interfacial Li+ conduction in all-solid-state electrolyte-free graphite (EFG) electrodes where the solid electrolytes are entirely excluded, using lithium-substitution-modulated (LSM) binders. Finely tuning a lithium substitution ratio, a conductive LSM-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder is prepared from a controlled direct Na+/Li+ exchange reaction without a hazardous acid involvement. The EFG electrode employing LSM with a maximum degree of substitution of lithium (DSLi) of ∼68% in our study shows a considerably higher rate capability of 1.05 mA h cm-2 at 1 C and a capacity retention of ∼61.9% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C than those using sodium-CMC (Na-CMC) (0.78 mA h cm-2, ∼49.5%) and LSM with ∼35% lithium substitution (0.93 mA h cm-2, ∼55.4%). More importantly, the correlation between the phase transition near the bottom region of the EFG electrode and the state of charge (SOC) is systematically investigated, clarifying that the improvement of the interfacial conduction is proportional to the DSLi of the CMC binders. Theoretical calculations combined with experimental results further verify that creating the continuous interface through abundant pathways for mobile ions using the Li+-conductive binder is the enhancement mechanism of the interfacial conduction in the EFG electrode, mitigating serious charge transfer resistance.