Breakthrough Strategy Research Articles

Novel 0D/1D ZnBi2O4/ZnO S-scheme photocatalyst for hydrogen production and BPA removal

Developing interfacial connections is one of the breakthrough strategies to improve the photocatalytic activity. Herein, ZnBi2O4 nanoparticles-ZnO nanorods heterojunction was successfully synthesized and used, as a dual-function photocatalyst, for photocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A and hydrogen production with improved photocatalytic activity under simulated sunlight irradiation. The highest H2 production (3.44 mmol g−1 h−1) was obtained for ZnO-20 wt% ZnBi2O4 sample, which is around 12.7 times higher than pure ZnO. According to the HRTEM result, the intimate interfacial connections are formed between ZnO and ZnBi2O4 which could act as trapping centers for charge carriers and results in the boosted photocatalytic activity. Further, a high aspect ratio of 1D ZnO nanorods and small size of 0D ZnBi2O4 nanoparticles (~10 nm) increases the number of interfacial contacts and thus the charge carriers’ recombination was suppressed more efficiently. Based on the trapping experiments, ESR and Mott-Schottky analysis, ZnBi2O4–ZnO hybrid photocatalyst followed the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

In the modern conditions of economic development, the development of the industrial complex is being transformed with emphasis on digital technologies and high-tech production. The article considers new principles of the implementation of the state’s economic policy taking into account the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution, as well as the results of the analysis of the main indicators of industrial development, both in the world and in Russia in particular, including the assessment of the current state of innovation and technological activity of the industrial sector of the Russian economy. At the same time the authors pay special attention to the analysis of modern trends in the development of industry in countries with both a high level of high-tech production and a low level. The paper analyses the prospects of Russian industry development to justify the need for technological breakthrough strategies and technological modernization of industrial enterprises.

P48.16 Network Meta-Analysis of ICI for Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ESCLC) as Upfront Therapy

Adding ICI to EP is a breakthrough strategy for treating ESCLC in the first-line setting. However, there is no head to head comparison between these agents to guide the clinical decisions. Thus, we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ICIs in combination with EP for this target population. According to PRISMA-NMA statement, a systematic search of literature was carried out in PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrial.gov database up to Jun 31, 2020. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing ICIs+EP vs. EP were considered. We performed an NMA using MetaInsight V 3.13 web-based tool, with a Bayesian framework to estimates risk ratios (RRs) and Odds ratios (OR) with their 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Ranking tables with the probability of best treatment choice for each outcomes, derivated from the model and network estimates were obtained. OS and PFS rate at 12 months, ORR, AEs G3-4 , and immune-related AEs were the selected outcomes. Five RCTs that involved more than 2000 pts and 7 interventions met the inclusion criteria. All selected trials had EP as a control arm. No significant differences in the risk of mortality, risk of progression, and risk of immune-related AEs were observed between Atezolizumab (A), Durvalumab+Tremelimumab (DT), Durvalumab (D), Pembrolizumab (P), or Ipilimumab (I) (4 RCTs, n 2615) in association with EP, neither between these interventions and Nivolumab (5 RCTs, n 2759) for ORR and EAs G3-4. In Bayesian ranking results, A and D were most likely to be ranked first for OS (cumulative probability 40%). Meanwhile, P and D were ranked first for ORR (36%) and PFS (30%). In the safety profile, D was ranked with the less probability of AEs G3-4 (30%), but P and I were first for immune-related AEs (15%). In the comparison of anti PD-1 vs. PD-L1 agents, therapy with anti PD-1 had the highest chance to provide better ORR (70%) and less immune-related AEs (66%), but anti PDL-1 were best regarding AEs G3-4 (42%) and PFS rate at 12 months (72%). Due to the comparisons between experimental treatments proceeded only from indirect evidence, inconsistency between direct and indirect estimates was not feasible. This indirect comparison did not find evidence suggesting survival differences between these agents. All treatments showed better efficacy results over EP, except A for ORR. For safety outcomes in PD-1 vs. PD-L1 comparison; even there was a not significant difference in producing AEs G 3-4 or immuno-related AEs, they did not rank similarly. Therefore this distinct pattern of AEs could to be considered for choosing an agent. Producing data related to the quality of life, economic burden, and patient´s preferences may help to define what would the best option for this population.

Comparison of existing strategies for keeping symmetrical peaks in on-line Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography x Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography despite solvent strength mismatch

In two-dimensional liquid chromatography, the combination of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is very attractive due to the complementarity of their separation mechanisms. On-line comprehensive HILIC x RPLC is well-known to give rise to a large retention space coverage when dealing with ionisable compounds. However, method development in on-line HILIC x RPLC is challenging due to the reversed solvent strength between both dimensions, which can greatly affect the peak shapes in the second RPLC dimension, and thus the separation quality and the method sensitivity. In the present contribution, we compared four strategies designed to avoid this problem: (1) flow splitting, which consists in reducing the injection volume in the second dimension (2D), (2) on-line dilution with a make-up flow and (3) on-line dilution with Active Solvent Modulation (ASM), which both consist in reducing the solvent strength of the injected fractions, and (4) Total Breakthrough Strategy, which we recently proposed. Unlike the three preceding strategies, this latter one consists in injecting large volumes of strong solvent in 2D. The performance of each strategy was evaluated for sub-hour separations of a tryptic digest in on-line HILIC x RPLC. In this work, we considered the critical case for which the same column internal diameters (i.e. 2.1 mm here) are used in both dimensions. Peak capacity, peak shapes and peak intensities were considered for this evaluation. The highest peak capacity could be achieved with Total Breakthrough Strategy while the lowest one with on-line dilution using ASM. Peak intensities were usually higher with on-line dilution approaches (make-up flow and ASM). However, despite the presence of breakthrough, peak intensities were approximately 7-fold higher with Total Breakthrough Strategy than with flow splitting.

Service Provider Information System in Technopreneurship Learning for MSMEs

This study aims to involve students in Technopreneurship courses by utilizing the emarketplace as a marketing, sales and service medium for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Where previously the lecture material was given in class in theory, amended by giving field practice assignments in collaboration with material entrepreneurs and building service providers as MSMEs in the City of Tangerang. Based on the results of research that the application of information technology, especially e-marketplaces in learning Technopreneurship has a real impact on the ability and level of understanding of students about Technopreneurship courses, students gain experience and insight about Technopreneurship, can design and test prototypes of service provider information systems (SijasPro) eMarketplace, students directly involved in helping solve the problems of business people, especially in the field of promotion and sales to customers. siJaspro is able to produce promotional media that can be used directly by business people. students are expected to have insight to foster entrepreneurial spirit among students, this is one of the new breakthrough strategies to anticipate the problem of increasing intellectual unemployment.

Adenosine receptors as promising targets for the management of ocular diseases.

The ocular drug discovery arena has undergone a significant improvement in the last few years culminating in the FDA approvals of 8 new drugs. However, despite a large number of drugs, generics, and combination products available, it remains an urgent need to find breakthrough strategies and therapies for tackling ocular diseases. Targeting the adenosinergic system may represent an innovative strategy for discovering new ocular therapeutics. This review focused on the recent advance in the field and described the numerous nucleoside and non-nucleoside modulators of the four adenosine receptors (ARs) used as potential tools or clinical drug candidates.

Hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis via regulating the oxygen reduction reaction pathway on Pt noble metal with ion poisoning

Precious metal-based catalysts have been explored intensively for the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Alloying with heteroatoms, for instance, Hg to isolate precious metal sites are reported to convert the ORR from four-electron (4e−) to two-electron (2e−) pathway. The 2e− ORR could be used for the electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a sustainable route instead of industrial anthraquinone-mediated catalysis. Isolating active sites provides a breakthrough strategy to regulate electron transfer pathway of ORR. However, the highly toxic mercury limits the practical use. Herein we employ a simple ion poisoning strategy, by virtue of the strong ion coordination effects to regulate the classic Pt/C catalyst for the electrochemical H2O2 production through ORR in acid media. The representative SCN− poisoned Pt/C catalyst displayed high activity and selectivity of over 90% at a wide range of potentials. The stability tests showed negligible performance lost after 30 hours. The present work offers a promising poisoning strategy to regulate precious catalysts for selectively electrochemical production of H2O2.

Research on Guangzhou Phar. Holdings Limited & Vending Machine + Expired Medicine Recycling Program

The author briefly describes the business philosophy and recycling project of Guangzhou medicine, points out the current opportunities and Breakthrough Strategies, studies them, obtains the corresponding methods and results through data analysis, sorts out the problems we need to improve, gives some suggestions and programs, and formulates a series of marketing programs to realize one by one.

Strategy of the socio-economic breakthrough of the People’s Republic of China

Strategy of the socio-economic breakthrough of the People’s Republic of China

Corporation Process Development as the Key Issue of Technical and Economic Breakthrough

The article is devoted to issues of technical and economic development and the strategy of the Russian Federation entering the position of process breakthrough. The role of Russian corporations in the national strategic development is investigated. The decisive role of corporations under conditions of high-tech functioning and the resulting complexity of breakdown solutions is substantiated. The attention is drawn to the inconsistency of Russian corporations with the breakthrough strategy requirements put forward by the government as the national idea, due to low innovation potential. A proposal is made on the use of a systemic - synergetic approach to solving issues of process development. The process development is placed at the center of issues being solved and is regarded as a critical condition for the organization and implementation of a process breakthrough.

Transcranial Photobiomodulation of Clearance of Beta-Amyloid from the Mouse Brain: Effects on the Meningeal Lymphatic Drainage and Blood Oxygen Saturation of the Brain.

Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic effects of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM, 1267nm, 32J/cm2, a 9-day course) in mice with the injected model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain resulting in neurocognitive deficit vs. the control group (CG) (the neurological severity score (NNS), AD 3.67±0.58 vs. CG 1.00±0.26%, p<0.05) and mild cerebral hypoxia (AD 72±6% vs. CG 97±2%, p<0.001). The course of tPBM improved neurocognitive status of mice with AD (NNS, AD 2.03±0.14 vs. CG 1.00±0.26, vs. 2.03±0.14, p<0.05) due to stimulation of clearance of Aβ from the brain via the meningeal lymphatic vessels (the immunohistochemical and confocal data) and an increase in blood oxygen saturation of the brain tissues (the pulse oximetry data) till 85±2%, p<0.05. These results open breakthrough strategies for non-pharmacological therapy of AD and clearly demonstrate that tPBM might be a promising therapeutic target for preventing or delaying AD based on stimulation of oxygenation of the brain tissues and activation of clearance of toxic molecules via the cerebral lymphatics.

Deficit of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper amplifies angiotensin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction.

Poor prognosis in heart failure and the lack of real breakthrough strategies validate targeting myocardial remodelling and the intracellular signalling involved in this process. So far, there are no effective strategies to counteract hypertrophy, an independent predictor of heart failure progression and death. Glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is involved in inflammatory signalling, but its role in cardiac biology is unknown. Using GILZ‐knockout (KO) mice and an experimental model of hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, we addressed the role of GILZ in adverse myocardial remodelling. Infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) resulted in myocardial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, capillary rarefaction and hypertrophy. Interestingly, GILZ‐KO showed more evident diastolic dysfunction and aggravated hypertrophic response compared with WT after Ang II administration. Both cardiomyocyte and left ventricular hypertrophy were more pronounced in GILZ‐KO mice. On the other hand, Ang II–induced inflammatory and fibrotic phenomena, cell death and reduction in microvascular density, remained invariant between the WT and KO groups. The analysis of regulators of hypertrophic response, GATA4 and FoxP3, demonstrated an up‐regulation in WT mice infused with Ang II; conversely, such an increase did not occur in GILZ‐KO hearts. These data on myocardial response to Ang II in mice lacking GILZ indicate that this protein is a new element that can be mechanistically involved in cardiovascular pathology.

Strategic thinking to improve the basic research in liver transplantation in the new era

Liver transplantation(LT) is the "crown" of surgery and is also an important manifestation of national medical standards. In the past half century, China has made remarkable progress in LT. Currently, China is the second largest country of LT world widely and presents an international advanced level in the efficacy of LT. However, it is notable that there are still many bottlenecks to be solved in China. In the era of precision medicine and big data, the basic research of LT is largely lagging behind and unable to meet the rapid development of clinical needs. Strengthen the basic research of LT is a breakthrough strategy in rejuvenating the country through science and technology in the new era. A high-quality professional research team should be built through multi-disciplinary cooperation and superior resources gathering. Researcher's innovative thinking and strategic vision should be cultivated via the learning of new technologies (e.g., single-cell exploration and multi-omics analysis) and new courses (e.g., transplant oncology and transplant immunology). Government investment also needs to be increased to speed up the nurturing of high-level talents and get great achievements. Basic research is the driving force for China to become a leading country in LT.

Generating psychotherapy breakthroughs: Transtheoretical strategies from population health psychology.

Over the past 40 years, few breakthroughs have dramatically increased the impacts of psychotherapy. There have been new and exciting therapies, but the research does not convincingly demonstrate that any recent or more established therapies produce greater impacts than 40 years ago. Seven strategies from the transtheoretical model that have produced breakthroughs in health psychology/population health are analyzed to illustrate how they can similarly generate breakthroughs in mental health outcomes. The first three strategies can enhance impacts by increasing the percentage of troubled populations entering and completing best-practice treatments: reach, recruit, and retain. The fourth strategy accords higher value to synergy than to specificity by generating more benefits from whole-health therapies that briefly treat the small number of behaviors that account for a large percentage of chronic disabilities and premature deaths. The fifth breakthrough strategy creates multiple synergistic changes within individuals; changing one problem behavior promotes the probabilities that individuals will change a second problem (coaction). The sixth strategy increases impacts by complementing psychologists with tailored technology that extends their influence into homes, schools, workplaces, and communities. The seventh strategy calls on researchers to test their innovations against best practices and to benchmark outcomes, like those found with depression. We conclude by advancing a framework that can generate more inclusive and effective psychotherapies by integrating individual health care with population health practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Disentangling the epigenetic landscape in cardiovascular patients: a path toward personalized medicine.

Despite significant advances in our understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) we are still far from having developed breakthrough strategies to combat coronary atherosclerosis and heart failure, which account for most of CV deaths worldwide. Available cardiovascular therapies have failed to show to be equally effective in all patients, suggesting that inter-individual diversity is an important factor when it comes to conceive and deliver effective personalized treatments. Genome mapping has proved useful in identifying patients who could benefit more from specific drugs depending on genetic variances; however, our genetic make-up determines only a limited part of an individual's risk profile. Recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetic changes - defined as dynamic changes of DNA and histones which do not affect DNA sequence - are key players in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and may participate to delineate cardiovascular risk trajectories over the lifetime. Epigenetic modifications include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs and these epigenetic signals have shown to cooperate in modulating chromatin accessibility to transcription factors and gene expression. Environmental factors such as air pollution, smoking, psychosocial context, and unhealthy diet regimens have shown to significantly modify the epigenome thus leading to altered transcriptional programs and CVD phenotypes. Therefore, the integration of genetic and epigenetic information might be invaluable to build individual maps of cardiovascular risk and hence, could be employed for the design of customized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the present review, we discuss the growing importance of epigenetic information and its putative implications in cardiovascular precision medicine.

BENCHMARKS OF ENSURING AN «ECONOMIC BREAKTHROUGH» OF UKRAINE IN TECHNOLOGICAL AND INNOVATIVE AREAS

Purpose. The aim of the article is the system analysis of foreign experience and development of indicators and directions of an «economic breakthrough» in technological and innovative areas within the framework for the preparation of the Strategy of an economic breakthrough of the state by the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine. Methodology of research. General and special methods have been used to achieve this aim in our scientific and analytical development: the axiomatic method and scientific abstraction method (to define the terminological consistency of notions by studying the categorical apparatus «technological breakthrough», «economic breakthrough» and «innovative breakthrough”; induction and deduction methods (to determine the core factors of an economic breakthrough); the method of synthesis and system analysis (to substantiate the theoretical essence of the basic notions and develop our own system of indicators of an «economic breakthrough»; the decomposition method (to single out the functional components (technological and innovative) in the system of an «economic breakthrough»; tabular and graphical methods (to reflect the analytical calculations and the final results of the study). Findings. The experience of 19 countries that have made an «economic breakthrough» in technological and innovative areas is systematised, in particular: the experience of the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, China, Singapore, South Korea, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, France, Germany, Egypt, Switzerland, Great Britain, Austria, Brazil and India. The original system of indicators has been suggested and the comparative monitoring of the indicators, which helped to provide a «technological and innovative breakthrough» for the selected countries of the world in comparison with Ukraine, has been carried out. The recommendations to public authorities, aimed at creating the main benchmarks of an «economic breakthrough» of Ukraine in the technological and innovative areas of activity, have been prepared. Originality. A system of indicators of an economic breakthrough of Ukraine in technological and innovative directions has been formed for the first time, the foreign experience of economically developed countries of the world in the direction of achieving economic growth of national economies has been systematised. The recommendations to public authorities concerning the identification of the main benchmarks for Ukraine's technological and innovative breakthrough in the near future have been further developed. Practical value. The outlined priority directions of the policy «Economic breakthrough» and intensification of the state policy on ensuring the economic welfare and growth in Ukraine are substantiated by the applied analysis of critical technological, innovative and state-building factors of the exacerbation of economic problems in Ukraine. Key words: economic breakthrough, benchmarks, indicators, technological area, innovative area, economic growth.

BIMBINGAN DAN PENGARAHAN DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN OMZET USAHA KECIL

Kegiatan usaha selalu menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam persaingan untuk terus bertahan hidup. Beberapa strategi dikembangkan untuk menjawab tantangan yang dihadapi tersebut. Wirausahawan sebagai penggerak usaha baik usaha yang berskala kecil maupun menengah hingga usaha skala besar tidak dapat menghindari untuk terus melakukan terobosan strategi agar tercapai keberhasilan usahanya. Sektor usaha kecil dimana masih terdapat banyak keterbatasan membutuhkan banyak bantuan dan motivasi untuk dapat memanfaatkan setiap kesempatan dan juga sumber daya yang ada. Dari aspek tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa dunia pendidikan dapat memberikan kontribusi nyata untuk membina usaha – usaha yang masih dapat dikembangkan sesuai potensinya.

Innovative Environmental Strategy for Sustainable Development

This article investigates the development of an innovative strategy for environmentally sustainable development. The breakthrough strategy has been found to be an activity-based structure and system of activities to accelerate growth. It has been found out that, in form and substance, all practical business development strategies depend on specific internal and external circumstances. It is proved that when developing breakthrough strategies for socio-economic development of a country, it is necessary to be guided by certain methodical techniques or rules, namely: scientific and applied justification; identifying and progressively improving an attractive value proposition; development and continuous improvement of the business model; drawing up and implementing an action plan; forming the focus of all participants in the breakthrough strategy on the achievement of strategic goals. The main products of the breakthrough strategy are found to be the organizational mission, value proposition, business model and set of projects and programs that form the breakthrough strategy cycle [2, 4]. It is found that there are different types of breakthrough strategies, among them the following: 1) storming strategy; 2) lagging behind in leaders; 3) expansion of horizons; 4) change of form [3]. Breakthrough strategies in the industry include the introduction of modern innovative industrial technologies on the basis of support for the development of high-tech industries (increasing production of domestic aviation and space technology, instrumentation, electronic technology, nanotechnology, medical technology), harnessing the potential of Ukraine to expand medium-tech production automotive, newest rolling stock and other railway equipment), Stim fostering the creation of new innovation development poles (creation of innovation clusters in the regions of Ukraine)[4]. It is proved that sustainable environmental development is impossible without the formation and use of appropriate management potential, that is, the ability of managers is qualified to "launch" all other potentials. It has been determined that the goal of green economy development should be to achieve a higher level of well-being while simultaneously solving resource-ecological and social problems. Keywords: strategy, innovation, environmental security, sustainable development.

Plasmon-enhanced organic and perovskite solar cells with metal nanoparticles

Abstract Solution-processing thin-film solar techniques, such as organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PeSCs), hold great promise as cost-effective renewable energy sources with feasible large-scale manufacturing. However, these devices are suffering from the incomplete photon absorption and thereby cannot unlock the full potential of device efficiency despite their rapid development in recent decades. Incorporation of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) into the thin active layers has been considered as a breakthrough strategy to solve this inherent limit and represent an imperative milestone toward the highly efficient OSCs and PeSCs, arising from the significantly enhanced light absorption and electrical characteristics in fundamental. Herein, the recent advances in fabrication and incorporation strategies of plasmonic NPs are reviewed. The in-depth efficiency and stability enhancement mechanisms are investigated and highlighted. Meanwhile, potential strategies and perspectives for their further development of NP-based solution-processing OSCs and PeSCs are presented.

Central diabetes insipidus related to anti-programmed cell-death 1 protein active immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy is a breakthrough strategy entwined with toxicity. Immune-related hypophysitis is conventionally considered distinctive of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors. Immune-related central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is exceptional. CDI rarely manifests as hypernatremia, which is almost always euvolemic. We report a 71-years-old male patient with advanced lung cancer who experienced severe chronic hypernatremia presented as alterations in mental status five months after initiation of treatment with the anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab. Combination of persistenthypernatremia, polyuria, high plasma osmolality and hyposthenuria raised suspicion of diabetes insipidus, prompting measurement of serum concentration of arginine vasopressin(AVP). The inappropriately undetectable serum levels of AVP confirmed central diabetes insipidus (CDI). Nivolumab-related hypophysitis was recognized as possible cause of CDI. Further hormonal assessment excluded any endocrinopathy indicating disorder of posterior pituitary. Pituitary MRI was normal with persistence of hyperintensity of posterior pituitary on T1-weighted images (bright spot). The patient was scheduled to receive 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), but he died suddenly due to cardiac arrest before initiation of treatment. Our report describes the first case of nivolumab related CDI, building on existing literature through: (I) underscoring hypovolemic hypernatremia as CDI manifestation; (ii) bringing into spotlight the rare anti-PD-1 treatment related hypophysitis; (iii) enriching the limited evidence on immune-related CDI. Increased awareness of nivolumab related CDI will enable prompt recognition and therapeutic intervention.