Translation Strategies Research Articles

From ''Dependent Translation" to "Creative Translation'' by Taha Abdurrahman

This paper undertakes a critical and analytical examination of the transformative dimensions of translation as conceptualized by the Moroccan philosopher Taha Abdurrahman. Central to Abdurrahman’s intellectual project is the call to transcend the pervasive Eurocentrism that characterizes contemporary translation theories. Abdurrahman offers a nuanced critique of the translation methodologies employed during the Abbasid period, particularly the uncontextualized appropriation of Greek philosophy. He contends that this approach led to the marginalization of Islamic philosophy, reducing it to a mode of mere transmission and dependency, initially on ancient Greece and subsequently on the modern West. To address these historical inadequacies, Abdurrahman advocates for an innovative translation strategy termed taʾṣīliyya, which translates literally to “authenticating.” This strategy emphasizes a transformative process whereby the source text is integrated into the receiving culture, aligning with its specific epistemic and cultural needs, irrespective of the original context. Abdurrahman posits that this method is essential for fostering an autonomous Arab/Islamic philosophical tradition, one that is not subsumed under external theoretical paradigms, even if this necessitates deviating from conventional criteria of accuracy and faithfulness. This paper critically engages with the theoretical foundations and proposes practical applications of Abdurrahman’s translation paradigm. It situates his framework within the broader historical trajectory of translation in the Arabic intellectual tradition and contemporary translation studies. Furthermore, it interrogates the theoretical and methodological ramifications of eschewing conventional norms of fidelity and accuracy, notwithstanding their entrenched and restrictive nature.

Funkciniai metakalbiniai komentarai skliaustuose Martino Fordo knygoje „Rise of the Robots“ ir jų vertimas į lietuvių kalbą

Research on the translation of metalinguistic comments (MLCs) in parentheses is rather scarce considering the relevance of the topic. The quality of the translation largely depends on the use of translation strategies such as the omission and addition of MLCs in the target texts as well as the retention or displacement of punctuation marks based on the function of the comment in the original language and the pragmatic aspects of punctuation. The aim of the study is twofold: to determine the functions of MLCs in parentheses in a popular science text and the strategies of their translation into Lithuanian. The study is mainly based on the typology of the functions of MLCs in parentheses and the classification of translation strategies, developed by Levin and Ström Herold (2021). The results of the study revealed that MLCs in parentheses in popular science texts were mostly used for the purposes of specification and were always retained in target texts. MLCs in parentheses that appeared only in the target text included cases of additions and shifts that were used to maximise the pragmatic effect, to highlight the author’s subjective opinion or to hide information that was not particularly relevant to the target reader. Omission, on the other hand, was more of a coincidence than a tendency.

Metode dan Strategi Penerjemahan Bahasa Arab ke Bahasa Indonesia pada Subtitle Film “Ar Risalah”

This study discusses the application of translation methods and strategies in the subtitles of the film Ar Risalah from Arabic to Indonesian. The film Ar Risalah is a religious film that tells the story of the life of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, which has strong historical and cultural values. This study aims to identify the methods and strategies used in translating dialogue sentences in the film's subtitles. Using a qualitative descriptive research method, data were collected through direct observation of the film's dialogue. The researcher classified the translation methods based on Newmark's theory and translation strategies from Pamungkas and Akmaliyah. The results of the study showed that there were seven translation methods used, namely word-for-word, literal, faithful, semantic, adaptation, free, and idiomatic translation. In addition, there were four translation strategies, namely prioritizing and ending, reducing, adding, and replacing. These findings indicate that translators must consider lexical, contextual, and cultural aspects in producing translations that are communicative and in accordance with the target language. This study provides in-depth insight into the complexity of the film translation process, which is expected to be a reference for subtitle translators in the future.

Translational strategies to uncover the etiology of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.

While up to 50% of children requiring kidney replacement therapy have congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), they represent only a fraction of the total patient population with CAKUT. The extreme variability in clinical outcome underlines the fundamental need to devise personalized clinical management strategies for individuals with CAKUT. Better understanding of the pathophysiology of abnormal kidney and urinary tract development provides a framework for precise diagnoses and prognostication of patients, the identification of biomarkers and disease modifiers, and, thus, the development of personalized strategies for treatment. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the currently known genetic causes, including rare variants in kidney and urinary tract development genes, genomic disorders, and common variants that have been attributed to CAKUT. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of environmental factors and their interactions with developmental genes in kidney and urinary tract malformations. Finally, we present multi-angle translational modalities to validate candidate genes and environmental factors and shed light on future strategies to better understand the molecular underpinnings of CAKUT.

A Critical Exploration of Cultural and Aesthetic Representation of Shandong Dialect Translation in Red Sorghum

The translation of the Shandong dialect, specifically in the novel Red Sorghum authored by Mo Yan and translated by Howard Goldblatt, posed significant challenges to both translators and readers due to its local Chinese cultural richness. Previous researches mainly focused on its traditional translation strategies including foreignization and domestication. Exploration of the aesthetic value of dialect and its cultural representations in modern literature is a relatively new area of research yet to be developed. This paper revealed that translation operates in a complicated three-dimensional structure of translator (aesthetic subject), translated text (aesthetic object), and culture (social environment). In the process of translating dialect, the aesthetic experience and the Aesthetic Regulation Devices (ARD) adopted by the translator, as well as the beauty of characterization and symbolization come into play. Therefore, aesthetic values and cultural uniqueness are represented not only on the linguistic, but also on the spiritual level by contrasting the purity of the villagers in rural China and the brutality of the social turbulence that surrounds them. The paper demonstrated that dialect translation involves a multifaceted and dynamic equivalence between source and target language. The research findings indicated that translation techniques of domestication and foreignization are utilized significantly more often (82%) than the strategy of ARD (18%) during the translation process. This imbalance in strategy usage may result in a deficient representation of aesthetic and cultural values. The significance of this study lies mainly in its intention to reconstruct a more effective theoretical paradigm for dialectal translation procedures.

Translation of English Instructive Images of COVID-19 in Social Media into Arabic: A Semiotic Study

This study investigates the intersemiotic translation process of specific images used to instruct people concerning COVID-19 disease that are posted on different social media. It also attempts to identify translation strategies employed by translators to convey the meaning from one non-verbal form into an Arabic verbal form. This study depends on a multimodal perspective that combines comprehending the connotative meaning of the image and analyzing it into a different verbal expressive form. It is hypothesized that translators are aware of the translation strategy through which the expression of an image is communicated successfully into Arabic verbal expressions. Translators employ Stetting's strategies that are restricted to media translation and journalistic translation, which is used for transferring the meaning of different forms of media. Five translators participated in this study to translate eight images into Arabic. This study concludes that a sign's detonative and connotative meanings are rendered, whether positively or negatively, to transfer the meaning, whether directly or indirectly.

Engineering Exosomes from Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 pre-conditioned Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promote ischemic Skin Flaps Survival by activating Autophagy

BackgroundThe recovery of ischemic skin flaps is a major concern in clinical settings. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of engineered exosomes derived from FGF1 pre-conditioned adipose-derived stem cells (FEXO) on ischemic skin flaps. Method6 patients who suffered from pressure ulcer at stage 4 and underwent skin flaps surgery were recruited in this study to screen the potential targets of ischemic skin flaps in FGF family. FGF1 was co-incubated with adipose stem cells, and ultracentrifugation was applied to extract FEXO. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was used to determine the most effective microRNA in FEXO. Animal skin flaps models were established in our study to verify the effects of FEXO. Immunofluorescence (IF), western blotting (WB) and other molecular strategy were used to evaluate the effects and mechanism of FEXO. ResultsFGF1 was expected to be the therapeutic and diagnostic target of ischemic skin flaps, but there is still some deficiency in rescuing skin flaps. FEXO significantly improved the viability of RPSFs and endothelial cells by inhibiting oxidative stress and alleviating apoptosis and pyroptosis through augmenting autophagy flux. In addition, FEXO inhibited the over-activated inflammation responses. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that miR-183-5p was significantly elevated in FEXO, and inhibiting miR-183-5p resulted in impaired protective effects of autophagy in skin flaps. The exosomal miR-183-5p markedly enhanced cell viability, inhibited oxidative stress and alleviated apoptosis and pyroptosis in endothelial cells by targeting GPR137 through Pi3k/Akt/mTOR pathway, indicating that GPR137 could also be a therapeutic target of ischemic skin flap. It was also notabale that FGF1 increased the number of exosomes by upregulating VAMP3, which may be a promising strategy for clinical translation. ConclusionFEXO markedly improved the survivial rate of ischemic skin flaps through miR-183-5p/GPR137/Pi3k/Akt/mTOR axis, which would be a promising strategy to rescue ischemic skin flaps.

Dual targeting macrophages and microglia is a therapeutic vulnerability in models of PTEN-deficient glioblastoma.

Tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs) are critical for tumor progression and therapy resistance in glioblastoma (GBM), a type of incurable brain cancer. We previously identified lysyl oxidase (LOX) and olfactomedin like-3 (OLFML3) as essential macrophage and microglia chemokines, respectively, in GBM. Here, single-cell transcriptomics and multiplex sequential immunofluorescence followed by functional studies demonstrate that macrophages negatively correlate with microglia in the GBM tumor microenvironment. LOX inhibition in PTEN-deficient GBM cells upregulates OLFML3 expression via the NF-κB-PATZ1 signaling pathway, inducing a compensatory increase of microglia infiltration. Dual targeting macrophages and microglia via inhibition of LOX and the CLOCK-OLFML3 axis generates potent anti-tumor effects and offers a complete tumor regression in more than 60% of animals when combined with anti-PD1 therapy in PTEN-deficient GBM mouse models. Thus, our findings provide a translational triple therapeutic strategy for this lethal disease.

Translational Strategy to Evaluate Urinary Plasminogen as a Targetable Biomarker of Glomerular Diseases

Translational Strategy to Evaluate Urinary Plasminogen as a Targetable Biomarker of Glomerular Diseases

CircUGP2 Suppresses Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Progression via p53 Signaling Through Interacting With PURB to Regulate ADGRB1 Transcription and Sponging miR-3191-5p.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver cancer and its prognosis remains poor. Although growing numbers of studies have verified the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various cancer types, their specific functions in ICC remain elusive. Herein, a circRNA, circUGP2 is identified by circRNA sequencing, which is downregulated in ICC tissues and correlated with patients' prognosis. Moreover, circUGP2 overexpression suppresses tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circUGP2 functions as a transcriptional co-activator of PURB over the expression of ADGRB1. It can also upregulate ADGRB1 expression by sponging miR-3191-5p. As a result, ADGRB1 prevents MDM2-mediated p53 polyubiquitination and thereby activates p53 signaling to inhibit ICC progression. Based on these findings, circUGP2 plasmid is encapsulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) system, which has successfully targeted tumor site and shows superior anti-tumor effects. In summary, the present study has identified the role of circUGP2 as a tumor suppressor in ICC through regulating ADGRB1/p53 axis, and the application of LNP provides a promising translational strategy for ICC treatment.

Exercise Induced Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT) Facilitates Meniscal Fibrocartilage Regeneration.

The meniscus is a semilunar wedge-shaped fibrocartilage tissue within the knee joint that is important for withstanding mechanical shock during joint motion. The intrinsic healing capacity of meniscus tissue is very limited, which makes meniscectomy the primary treatment method in the clinic. An effective translational strategy for regenerating the meniscus after total or subtotal meniscectomy, particularly for extensive meniscal lesions or degeneration, is yet to be developed. The present study demonstrates that the endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to meniscal regeneration. The mechanical stimulus facilitated EndMT by activating TGF-β2 signaling. A handheld bioprinter system to intraoperatively fabricate a porous meniscus scaffold according to the resected meniscus tissue is developed; this can simplify the scaffold fabrication procedure and period. The transplantation of a porous meniscus scaffold combined with a postoperative regular exercise stimulus facilitated the regeneration of anisotropic meniscal fibrocartilaginous tissue and protected the joint cartilage from degeneration in an ovine subtotal meniscectomy model. Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence co-staining analyses further confirmed the occurrence of EndMT during meniscal regeneration. EndMT-transformed cells gave rise to fibrochondrocytes, subsequently contributing to meniscal fibrocartilage regeneration. Thus, an efficient translational strategy to facilitate meniscal regeneration is developed.

Translation and Diplomacy : The Role of Translators in International Relations

This study sheds lights on the role of translators in international relations . It aims to study the translation strategies used in translating the diplomatic texts , to identify the difficulties faced by translators in translating the texts in the diplomatic field . It hypothesizes that the translators have a limit knowledge of such terms used in diplomatic context . In the present study , four samples contained diplomatic terms were taken and rendered by translators adopted Vinay and Darblent strategies (1995) of direct translation and oblique translation to know how the meaning is conveyed from the source text into the target text.

Assessing the Translation of Direct Speech in “Wuthering Heights” into Arabic

The present study tackles the translation of direct speech forms in Bronte’s novel "Wuthering Heights" into Arabic. The significance of this study stems from the fact that English direct speech forms in literary texts might pose substantial challenges when translated into Arabic due to their semantic connotations and structural peculiarities. The study aims at assessing the translation of English direct speech forms in "Wuthering Heights" novel into Arabic. It also aims at investigating the problems that may arise during the translation of direct speech forms in this novel into Arabic. Wuthering Heights is Emily Bronte’s unique novel. It is a story of love and revenge, this exciting and vivid novel depicts a deep and devastating love between its two main characters, the stubborn, charming Catherine and the handsome, dark-skinned, impulsive Heathcliff, both of whom are as wild as the Yorkshire moors where the novel takes place The study hypothesizes that translating direct speech in literary texts poses serious difficulties for the translators. To test the validity of the hypothesis, the study includes a practical chapter which tackles the translation of (25) excerpts that have been chosen from Wuthering Heights novel along with four Arabic translation versions. The Arabic renderings are those of the Arabic Cultural Centre (2016), Rifaat Naseem (1975), Helmi Murad (2003) and Hanna Saeed (2021). The analysis is implemented according to the model proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) which tackles the different kinds of translation approaches and strategies available for the translator when handling the task of translating various kinds of texts. The study concludes that novice and unskilled translators might encounter serious difficulties and challenges in translating direct speech expressions due to the multiple meanings and connotations inherent in such expressions. It also concludes that context plays a vital role in defining the most appropriate rendering for the SL text.

Problems of Translating Informal Greeting Expressions Used in Iraqi Arabic into English

Greeting expressions represent an important part of conversation and are considered a fundamental element in the Arabic culture. Arabic language has more various and colorful greeting expressions with a culture-specific nature than other languages. However, dealing with the translation of such expressions, especially the Iraqi Arabic informal ones, poses a significant problem for translators, complicating the task of translating these expressions accurately and appropriately. Therefore, this study aims to identify the problems translators face when translating informal Iraqi Arabic greetings into English. To achieve this aim, a total of (4) informal greeting expressions collected from the Iraqi Arabic community were used as a sample of the study. These expressions were distributed to (5) MA candidates, from the Department of Translation, College of Arts, University of Tikrit, representing the subjects of the study to translate them into English. As for the data analysis, the study employed Vinay and Darbelnet's (1995) direct and oblique strategies of translation. The results showed that the study subjects face numerous problems in translating greeting expressions, mainly due to the lack of understanding the cultural contexts in which these expressions are used, in addition to the difficulty of finding a one-word equivalent to the informal greeting expressions under study.

Exploring Translation Strategies in Report on the Work of the Government from the Perspective of Xu Yuanchong’s “Three Transformations” Theory: Taking Report on the Work of the Government in 2024 as an Example

Please refer to the URL that includes this article for the abstract.

Difficulties in Translating Hyperboles from Arabic Poems into English Texts

The study focuses on exploring the difficulties faced the translators during the translation of hyperboles in Arabic literary text caused by the ambiguity in the source text. The study aims to look for the strategies mostly used by M.A graduates in translating hyperboles from Arabic literary text into English, as well as surveying the samples being given to the M.A graduates to look for the reason of ambiguity in translating them. To fulfill the aims of this research, the study hypothesizes that the use of communicative or literal translation will convey the meaning from into TLT accurately and clearly, or using the Vinay and Darbelenet translation strategies will produce the same effect of SLT on TLT and whether the hyperbole in Arabic literary text is translatable despite the social, stylistic or structural differences in literary text. To prove the hypotheses, the procedures start with the researcher collecting 10 samples and giving them to 10 M.A graduates for the 2022-2023 academic year, followed by analyzing the samples according to the Vinay and Darbelenet translation model, the samples were chosen from the poem collection of Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab “Rain Song””انشودة المطر”, specifically from the two poems “قافلة الضياع” and “غريب على الخليج”, and given to be translated into English by the M.A graduates, then discussing the results of the collected data. The study concludes that the translation of hyperboles from Arabic literary texts into English text can be challenging due to the different ways they are used, additionally hyperboles can have multiple interpretations which is the result of the context they are used in, as well as that hyperboles in Arabic literary text are also affected by the difference in culture and social background and other factors.

Problems of Translating English Compound-Complex Sentences into Arabic

The study focuses on problems encountered by translation students when translating English compound-complex sentences into Arabic. It explores their structure, their components, and the appropriate way of translating them with the preservation of the same structure and meaning into the TL. The study hypothesizes: 1) compound-complex sentences can be found in English and Arabic. 2) Such structures are problematic for students when translating them into Arabic. 3) Vinay& Darbelnet’s translational model is applicable in translating compound - complex sentences. The study presents a comprehensive theoretical explanation on compound-complex sentences in both English and Arabic. Then, (3) English compound-complex sentences have been selected from different English grammar books and handed over to (20) undergraduate 4th stage students at the Department of Translation_ College of Arts_ University of Mosul, to handle the task of translating these sentences into Arabic. Their translations were analyzed syntactically and semantically by adopting Vinay& Darbelnet’s translational model(1958/1995) as well as Catford’s classification of translation-shifts (1965); in order to detect the difficulties and problems encountered in translating the sentences; thus, it’s a qualitative study. The study concludes that:1) compound-complex sentences are found in English and Arabic, 2) such sentences are problematic for students when translating them into Arabic either by the difficulty of identifying their parts, making unnecessary shifts, or adopting inappropriate strategy during the translational process that affect their translation accuracy, syntactically and semantically. 3) Vinay& Darbelent’s translational model is applicable to translating compound-complex sentences by adopting literal translation procedure within direct translation strategy. Based on that, the study is classified as a descriptive one.

Research on Translation Strategies of Sports Terminology from a Semantic Perspective: A Case Study of Ball Game News

Please refer to the URL that includes this article for the abstract.

WANG Zipeng & LIU Shiying. (2024). Research on the Intratextual Creative Translation Strategies of Medical Classics from the Perspective of Technical Communication: A Case Study of Huangdi Neijing Lingshu

Please refer to the URL that includes this article for the abstract.

Exploring the Strategies Used in Subtitling Nicknames from English to Arabic

Nicknames in audiovisual content serve multiple purposes including, highlighting character traits, adding humor, fostering familiarity, and revealing relationships within the narrative. Subtitling these names can be challenging, due to their culture-specific and connotative nature. However, there is a noticeable lack of research on the strategies involved in subtitling them, particularly from English to Arabic. Therefore, this study aimed to address this gap by identifying, analyzing, and assessing the strategies subtitlers used in subtitling nicknames from English to Arabic. To achieve this, 41 subtitles containing nicknames were selected from the first season of the TV series Lost and analyzed based on Pedersen’s (2011) taxonomy of strategies. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results showed frequent use of Retention, Direct translation, Situational Substitution, and Omission strategies which failed to convey the intended meaning causing a deviation from the original effect. The used strategies suggested a tendency to untranslated them. Therefore, it was recommended to consider the functional aspects of the nicknames and the significance of conveying their intended meaning to enhance the effectiveness of nickname subtitling and improve viewer experience. Instructors of translation are also recommended to pay sufficient heed to the teaching of strategies of nickname subtitling.