Technology Strategy Research Articles

Data Readout Techniques for DNA-Based Information Storage.

DNA is a natural chemical substrate that carries genetic information, which also serves as a powerful toolkit for storing digital data. Compared to traditionalstorage media, DNA molecules offer higher storage density, longer lifespan, and lower maintenance energy consumption. In DNA storage process, data readout is a critical step that bridges the gap between DNA molecular/structures with stored digital information. With the continued development of strategies in DNA data storage technology, the readout techniques have evolved. However, there is a lack of systematic introduction and discussion on the readout techniques for reported DNA data storage systems, especially the correlation between the design of the data storage system and the corresponding selection of readout techniques. This review first introduces two main categories of DNA data storage units (i.e., sequence and structure) and their corresponding readout techniques (i.e., sequencing and nonsequencing methods), and then reviewed representative examples of notable advancements in DNA data storage technology, focusing on data storage unit design, and readout technique selection. It also introduces emerging approaches to assist data readout techniques, such as implementation of microfluidic and fluorescent probes. Finally, the paper discusses the limitations, challenges, and potential of DNA data readout approaches.

Structural Colors Go Active.

Structural colors find wide applications for color printing, intelligent display, filtering imaging, etc., owing to their benefits, including high resolution, stable properties, and dynamic tunability. This review first illustrates the mechanisms of structural color generation, such as surface plasmon resonances, localized surface plasmon resonances, Fabry-Perot resonances, Mie resonances, etc. It then proposes the recent technological strategies employed to realize dynamic structural colors. The integration of structural colors with functional materials like phase-change, along with the development of color dynamic control mechanisms such as microfluidic chips, micro-electro-mechanical system drivers, and microheaters, represents key approaches for spectrum regulation. Furthermore, the review assesses the performance, advantages, and limitations of various technologies for dynamic structural colors. Finally, this review concluded with a section on the future challenges and prospects in large-area fabrication, practical applications, and performance improvement. It explains the current typical applications, including smart windows, adaptive camouflage, sensors, etc., and explores the processing methods that can achieve large-area, high-fidelity preparation of structural colors, such as nanoimprint, deep ultraviolet lithography, immersion lithography, laser printing, etc. This field promises advancements in high-density data storage, information encryption, and broader market applications.

Cardiac Arrest: Can Technology Be the Solution?

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) mortality remains alarmingly high in most countries. The majority of pharmacological attempts to improve outcomes have failed. Randomized trials have shown limited survival benefits with vasopressin, fibrinolysis, amiodarone, or lidocaine. Even the benefits of adrenaline remain a matter of debate. In this context, relying on technology may seem appealing. However, technological strategies have also yielded disappointing results. This is exemplified by automated external chest compression devices. When first introduced, theoretical models, animal studies, and early clinical trials suggested they could improve survival. Yet, randomized trials failed to confirm this benefit. Similarly, to date, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), therapeutic hypothermia, and primary angioplasty have demonstrated inconsistent survival advantage. Other technological innovations continue to be explored, such as artificial intelligence to improve the diagnosis of cardiac arrest during emergency calls, mobile applications to dispatch citizen responders to patients in cardiac arrest, geolocation of defibrillators, and even the delivery of defibrillators via drones. Nevertheless, it is clear that the focus and investment should prioritize the initial links in the chain of survival: early alerting, chest compressions, and defibrillation. Significant improvements in these critical steps can be achieved through the education of children. Modern technological tools must be leveraged to enhance this training by incorporating gamification and democratizing access to education. These strategies hold the potential to fundamentally improve the management of cardiac arrest.

The Impact of Integrating Variable Renewable Energy Sources into Grid-Connected Power Systems: Challenges, Mitigation Strategies, and Prospects

Although the impact of integrating solar and wind sources into the power system has been studied in the past, the chaos caused by wind and solar energy generation has not yet had broader mitigation solutions notwithstanding their rapid deployment. Many research efforts in using prediction models have developed real-time monitoring of variability and machine learning predictive algorithms in contrast to the conventional methods of studying variability. This study focused on the causes and types of variability, challenges, and mitigation strategies used to minimize variability in grids worldwide. A summary of the top ten cases of countries that have successfully managed variability in their electrical power grids has been presented. Review shows that most of the success cases embraced advanced energy storage, grid upgrading, and flexible energy mix as key technological and economic strategies. A seven-point conceptual framework involving all energy stakeholders for managing variability in power system networks and increasing variable renewable energy (VRE)-grid integration has been proposed. Long-duration energy storage, virtual power plants (VPPs), smart grid infrastructure, cross-border interconnection, power-to-X, and grid flexibility are the key takeaways in achieving a reliable, resilient, and stable grid. This review provides a useful summary of up-to-date research information for researchers and industries investing in a renewable energy-intensive grid.

Comparative Analysis of Smart Building Solutions in Europe: Technological Advancements and Market Strategies

This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of smart building solution providers within Europe, emphasizing the technological advancements and market strategies employed by companies selected for the study. As energy efficiency becomes a critical focus due to rising global energy demands and climate change concerns, smart building technologies have emerged as pivotal in optimizing energy use and enhancing occupant comfort. This study examines 19 products from 15 prominent manufacturers, categorized into six product categories: smart thermostats, smart valves, HVAC control, data acquisition and energy management software, smart home ecosystems, and home energy management systems. Using a comparative assessment matrix and SWOT analysis, the paper evaluates these products across five key areas: service impacts, market penetration, investment topics, business models, and value propositions. Findings highlight a strong focus of manufacturers in energy efficiency and comfort services, while identifying opportunities for improvement in energy flexibility and health integration. This analysis aims to guide stakeholders in strategic planning and decision-making, offering insights into the current and future landscape of the smart building solutions market.

Strategic IPO Timing of Technology Innovation-Driven Enterprises: A Differential Game Analysis of Market Returns, Disclosure Costs, and Industry Dynamics

This article develops a dual-oligopoly differential game model to analyze how technological impacts influence product market competition. This model undertakes a systematic examination of the strategic balancing act enterprises engage in when confronted with technological innovation opportunities, weighing market returns against information disclosure costs in the context of IPO decision-making. The findings reveal that the temporal dimension of technological catch-up and the firms’ intrinsic innovation capabilities are pivotal determinants of IPO timing. Specifically, enterprises that have achieved rapid technological parity and possess robust innovative capacities are more prone to expedite IPOs, seeking to secure funding for further technological advancements and market expansion endeavors. Conversely, elevated information disclosure costs may incentivize companies to postpone IPOs, aiming to shield their technological assets and market strategies from premature competitor scrutiny. Additionally, the study highlights the paradoxical influence of intense market competition: while it incentivizes early IPOs to bolster resource acquisition for competitive strategies, it also exacerbates the detrimental effects of disclosure costs on IPO timing. In conclusion, this investigation not only contributes to the theoretical corpus on IPO decision-making but also offers pragmatic guidance for corporate executives in crafting IPO strategies and serves as a valuable reference for fostering the sustainable development of capital markets.

Wheat2035: Integrating pan-omics and advanced biotechnology for future wheat design.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) production is vital for global food security, providing energy and protein to millions of people worldwide. Recent advancements in wheat research have led to significant increases in production, fueled by technological and scientific innovation. Here, we summarize the major advancements in wheat research, particularly the integration of biotechnologies and a deeper understanding of wheat biology. The shift from multi-omics to pan-omics approaches in wheat research has greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex genome, genomic variations, and regulatory networks to decode complex traits. We also outline key scientific questions, potential research directions, and technological strategies for improving wheat over the next decade. Since global wheat production is expected to increase by 60% in 2050, continued innovation and collaboration are crucial. Integrating biotechnologies and a deeper understanding of wheat biology will be essential for addressing future challenges in wheat production, ensuring sustainable practices and improved productivity.

Effective Teaching Approaches in Islamic Religious Education Learning

This article analyzes effective teaching approaches and strategies in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) to shape learners' character and morals. This is the first research to explore teaching methods, such as normative, historical, psychological, and contextual approaches, as well as active, problem-based, project, collaborative, and technological learning strategies, especially literature reviews. The aim of this study is to identify and highlight some publications that analyze various approaches and effective teaching strategies in Islamic Religious Education.The research uses a literature review, collecting article from databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Scopus. The main results show that contextual approaches and problem-based strategies effectively connect religious theories with students' daily life practices. However, challenges such as time constraints, gaps in theory and practice, and low utilization of technology are still obstacles. The main conclusion is the importance of relevant and adaptive teaching innovations to improve the effectiveness of PAI learning. This article recommends the integration of technology and the preparation of contextualized materials as solutions to these challenges.

A systematic literature review of security and privacy by design principles, norms, and strategies for digital technologies

ABSTRACT This paper offers a comparative systematic literature review of the key principles, norms, and strategies associated with Security by Design (SbD) and Privacy by Design (PbD). Both frameworks are grounded in the idea that security and privacy should be integral components of digital technologies from the very beginning of the design process. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 82 documents sourced from databases such as the ACM Digital Library, EBSCO Library, IEEE Xplore, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science. Our analysis reveals that SbD and PbD share four fundamental principles: prevention/proactiveness, embeddedness, user-centricity, and transparency. The review also highlights the solid regulatory foundation of PbD, particularly under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), compared to the emerging regulatory context for SbD. Additionally, we explore a range of strategies, from organizational cultural changes to technical interventions, that illustrate the nuanced approaches taken to implement these paradigms. We conclude by discussing the broader implications of these findings and suggesting directions for future research, aiming to contribute to the development of technologies that are both secure and respectful of privacy, while also advocating for integrated frameworks that enhance digital trust.

වනජිවීන් හා මිනිසුන් අතර ඇතිවන ගැටුම් වළක්වා ගැනීමට සාම්ප්‍රදායිකව යොදාගත් කෙම් ක්‍රම පිළිබඳ මානව විද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යයනයක්

Since the beginning of human history, humans have been a part of the environment, interacting with plants and animals. Over time, this loss of connection has led to various conflicts between humans and animals. Various methods have been developed as part of human culture to prevent these conflicts. Among the traditional methods, techniques such as mechanical methods, medicinal control methods, biological control methods, Kem methods, etc. can be identified. Among these methods, Kem methods are unique in that cultural values have been embedded in those Kem methods. The lack of this traditional knowledge among the current people, the fact that new technological methods are only friendly to humans, and the fact that these methods are not sufficient, has led to the current conflict between wildlife and humans. This research aims to explore the methods built on traditional knowledge based on this problem. The two Grama Niladhari Divisions of Mariarawa and Okkampitiya in the Monaragala District were used as the study areas. Ten elders above the age of fifty were selected as the research sample through purposive sampling method and relevant data were collected using observation and structured interviews. The study rediscovered many traditional methods. These include the beliefs of the villagers, Manthra (spells), traps, the use of medicines, biological control methods and a variety of Kem methods. Among these, Kem methods are also used for other strategies such as various mechanical methods. Many of the traditional methods, including Kem methods, identified from the field of study and literary sources, were successful and had a scientific basis. It was concluded that traditional methods contain technological strategies that offer better and more effective solutions than modern techniques. Also, the researcher suggests that efforts to prevent and address the current acute human-wildlife conflicts in Sri Lanka by combining traditional knowledge with modern technology would be more effective. It is a good alternative to solve problems by filling the gaps in modern techniques.

Application and Optimization Strategies for Teacher-Student Interaction in Language Teaching through Interactive Mobile Technology

With the rapid development of information technology, the application of interactive mobile technology in the field of education has become increasingly widespread. In particular, optimizing the teacher-student interaction has become a key factor in enhancing teaching effectiveness in language education. Under traditional language teaching models, teacher-student interaction tends to be unidirectional, making it difficult to fully stimulate students’ interest and engagement. The introduction of interactive mobile technology has made the teaching process more flexible and diverse, providing new forms and approaches for teacher-student interaction. However, how to scientifically assess and effectively optimize teacher-student interaction remains a critical issue in current educational research. Existing studies mainly focus on technological applications and lack an in-depth exploration of the essence of interaction, particularly in terms of the quantitative analysis of interaction intensity and evolution. This study aims to explore the application and optimization strategies of interactive mobile technology in teacher-student interactive language teaching. The study includes four main components: first, analyzing the evolution of teacher-student interaction in language teaching; second, calculating the intensity of teacher-student interaction based on information entropy; third, constructing and calculating a model for the evolution of interaction intensity; and fourth, proposing language teaching optimization strategies based on the evolution of teacher-student interaction intensity. This study, through theoretical modeling and empirical analysis, seeks to provide scientific evidence and practical guidance for improving the quality of teacher-student interaction and optimizing language teaching.

Development of therapeutic peptide producers based on Escherichia coli BL21 and their cultivation technology

Introduction. Peptides with a molecular weight of less than 5 kDa have been used in medicine and biotechnology over the past decade for the treatment of various diseases. However, chemical synthesis peptide has several disadvantages, including low yield, reduced efficiency, and high costs. An alternative approach to peptide production is the use of the Escherichia coli expression system. The development of effective peptide synthesis technology remains a critical task because of the low productivity of recombinant strains.Aim. Developing highly efficient strains of Escherichia coli BL21 expressing therapeutic peptides with a molecular weight of less than 5 kDa in E. coli and their cultivation technology.Materials and methods. Genetic constructs were obtained using the restriction-ligase method, and their authenticity was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Cultivation technology was developed using the Design of Experiments approach. The cultivation condition was validated in the Biostat B bioreactor. Hybrid proteins were purified by metal-chelate chromatography, followed by hydrolysis ULP proteas to obtain the target peptides. The quantitative content of the target protein was determined by capillary electrophoresis, and the authenticity of the protein was confirmed by HPLC-MS and ELISA.Results and discussion. Highly efficient peptide-producing strains were developed. Cultivation conditions were optimized: рН 7.5 ± 0.5, cultivation temperature 37 °C, induction optical density 28 ± 2, IPTG concentration 0.05 мМ. The productivity of the producer strains was up to 4.82 ± 0.05 g/L. Furthermore, samples of the target peptides were isolated and purified.Conclusion. The productivity of peptides in this study were significantly higher than in previous research. The presented strategy for strain development, cultivation and purification technology can be used production of therapeutic peptides with diverse physical chemicals characteristics in the future.

Rapid focusing of light through turbid water based on a digital micromirror device

The strong scattering and time variability of dynamic scattering media pose a major challenge to optical focusing and imaging applications. In this paper, a feedback wavefront shaping technology based on digital micromirror devices is proposed, which combines the hardware design and algorithm optimization. Through a new hardware-triggered image acquisition system and dynamic subgroup genetic algorithm, the image acquisition rate and focusing efficiency are significantly improved, and the light is quickly focused in dynamic turbid water. The imaging speed is about 34.89 times that of the traditional method based on a software-triggered image acquisition system and genetic algorithm. The experimental results of focusing through a milk solution show that this technique has a remarkable effect in improving the efficiency of dynamic focusing and the light intensity of focusing region, which provides an effective optimization strategy for optical imaging technology through a dynamic scattering medium in the future.

The Influence of Business, Technology and HR Transformation Strategies on ESG (Environmental, Social & Governance) Performance in the Indonesian Energy Industry

This study aims to investigate the influence of business transformation strategies, technology and HR on ESG (Environmental, Social & Governance) performance in the energy industry in Indonesia. With the background of awareness of the importance of maintaining long-term company stability, companies are now focusing on business actions that can coexist with the environment and provide positive social impacts. Through a quantitative approach, this study assesses the relationship between transformation strategies and ESG performance, as well as their impact on companies and stakeholders. This study uses secondary data with a research population of companies in the energy sector listed on the IDX. Sample selection was carried out using the purposive sampling judgment method. This approach uses the SEM research model using smartPLS software in data management. The results of the study indicate that the construct of the three transformation strategies, namely technology and HR, can improve ESG performance through the role of business transformation as a connecting moderator. By focusing on these three aspects, the company is expected to optimize ESG performance while simultaneously creating long-term positive impacts for the environment and society.

Cleaning Robots: A Review of Sensor Technologies and Intelligent Control Strategies for Cleaning

ABSTRACTCleaning robots have revolutionized the way spaces and surfaces are cleaned, accessing areas that are often difficult for humans to reach. A significant segment of the cleaning robot industry is dedicated to home cleaning robots, which have undergone numerous enhancements since their initial introduction. Through extensive research and development efforts, the application scope of cleaning robots has expanded beyond floors to encompass walls, staircases, pools, tanks, ventilation ducts, windows, and other surfaces. These robots have seen improvements in cleaning effectiveness through the integration of new designs, technologies, and control methods. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of cutting‐edge cleaning robots recently developed, exploring various sensor technologies and intelligent control strategies employed to enhance cleaning efficiency. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges associated with deploying these robots in real‐world scenarios.

Strategies for technology and culture integration for effective remote work

Purpose Remote work presents a significant opportunity to redefine the future of work and the workplace. This paper aims to examine how workplace culture and technology can be leveraged to make remote work a viable and long-term solution by using the theoretical lenses of social presence and social shaping of technology (SST). Design/methodology/approach Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 24 full-time employees working remotely and analysed using the Gioia method for qualitative analysis. Findings Technology and culture have enabled remote work and afforded benefits to remote workers. However, the new work environment raises new challenges for technology and culture to solve. The findings indicate that technology plays a key role in enhancing social presence, while organisational culture significantly influences how technology is used and developed. As most employees prefer hybrid work arrangements for the future, this study proposes strategies to address and mitigate the challenges associated with remote work. Originality/value This paper examines how two ubiquitous aspects of work, technology and organisational culture can be leveraged to answer the new challenges raised by remote work. This study suggests strategies to address the challenges associated with remote work, emphasising the need to enhance social presence and highlighting the role of organisational culture in the advancement of technology. This study proposes a conceptual framework for leveraging technology and culture to create an effective remote work environment.

A Study on Generative Artificial Intelligence to Enable Urban Red Literature Inheritance

In the current era of rapid development of informationization, the problem of urban cultural inheritance is becoming more and more prominent, especially the protection and development of red cultural lineage has attracted much attention. This study focuses on the inheritance needs of urban red cultural heritage, and explores the application mode and strategy of generative artificial intelligence technology in it. In this paper, we first systematically sort out the urban red cultural heritage, describe the key technology of generative artificial intelligence, and establish a research framework that integrates the two, aiming to realize an innovative way for the protection of urban cultural heritage. Based on rich experimental materials and combined with practical cases, this paper constructs a corresponding generative model to design an effective red cultural heritage inheritance program. Through the analysis of experimental data, this study demonstrates the potential of generative AI in the digital display, educational dissemination, and cultural experience of the red vein, highlighting its significant contribution to improving the efficiency of cultural inheritance. Summarizing the experimental results, the paper discusses the application prospects of the technology, points out the limitations of the study, and provides references and insights for future phase-related work.

The adoption strategy of blockchain technology for new and remanufactured products considering price and consumer preference

ABSTRACT The remanufacturing industry has become an important part of the circular economy and green manufacturing industry. However, information asymmetry and consumer preference are major obstacles to the development of remanufacturing. The emergence of blockchain technology(BCT) can alleviate these problems. Based on the idea, the strategic choice of new products(NPs) and remanufactured products(RPs) under the internal competition of the manufacturer is examined, and the influence of price competition, consumers’ low-carbon preference and the cost on the strategic choice is analyzed. Then we determine the conditions for this manufacturer to adopt BCT. The results show that adopting BCT is conducive to creating a green brand image for RPs and attracting environmentally conscious consumers. Cost is an important factor that affects decision-making. In addition, consumers may be more concerned about the manufacturer mixing counterfeit ingredients into NPs, which seriously affects consumers’ trust in the quality of NPs and the following manufacturer’s adoption strategy.

Research on the Carbon Footprint Accounting Method of Transformer’s Whole Life Cycle Under the Background of Double Carbon

In response to the existing gaps in the carbon footprint assessment framework for core electrical equipment transformers, which impedes power companies from effectively supporting low-carbon procurement of materials and products, this study proposes a novel evaluation method for transformer carbon footprints. This method comprehensively considers all stages of the transformer lifecycle, including manufacturing, transportation, installation, operation, and decommissioning. A review of mainstream carbon footprint accounting schemes, both domestic and international, is first presented, summarizing established accounting methods and calculation processes. The paper then introduces a novel, integrated carbon footprint accounting approach for transformers, covering the entire ‘cradle-to-grave’ lifecycle, along with an associated calculation model. This framework analyzes the carbon footprint composition across production, assembly, transportation, usage, and recycling stages for four commonly used, high-efficiency transformers at State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Company, the carbon footprint of an oil-immersed 100 kVA/10 kV transformer is 2.353 × 106 kg CO2e, approximately half that of a conventional 100 kVA/10 kV transformer. Finally, the study provides recommendations for carbon reduction pathways for transformers, considering both functional substitution and technological carbon reduction strategies.

A systematic literature review on adaptation strategies towards climate change impacts among Indigenous fishers

ABSTRACT Indigenous fishers are known for their traditional fishing methods and high reliance on ecosystem stability. Climate change poses a formidable challenge to their way of life. Climate change adaptation refers to an adjustment in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli. Studies are being conducted worldwide on how Indigenous peoples are responding to climate change impacts. The main aim of this study was to develop a systematic literature review (SLR) on how Indigenous fishers adapt to these impacts. RepOrting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) were used to guide the present SLR and formulate research questions based on the mnemonic “population, interest, and context” (PICo). From a search in 4 primary databases, 115 potential articles were found and 21 were analyzed. Four studies were conducted in the United States, and others were conducted in Asian, Northern American, and African regions. Five main themes were elaborated: Indigenous knowledge of weather prediction; Indigenous practices; livelihood diversification; technology and infrastructure-based adaptation strategies; and collective action and collaboration. Senior fishers actively used Indigenous knowledge and practices, but the younger generation preferred to use technology (e.g., GPS, satellite data, snowmobiles) in their fishing operations. To sustain their livelihood, some Indigenous fishers rely on alternative jobs (non-fisheries related), use multiple fishing techniques, or catch marine species. The review suggests the need to integrate Indigenous opinions, experiences, and knowledge into climate change-related policy, active involvement of Indigenous fishers in habitat restoration, use of technology, and diversification of livelihood, to combat climate change impacts among Indigenous fishers.