Job Creation Strategies Research Articles

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Strategy for Job Creation in the Era of Unemployment Crises: A Qualitative Study of Kamhlushwa Township, Mpumalanga Province

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Strategy for Job Creation in the Era of Unemployment Crises: A Qualitative Study of Kamhlushwa Township, Mpumalanga Province

The Legal Protection of Homeworkers in The Perspective of Labor Copyright Law & Its Implementing Regulations

Law No. 6 of 2023 was recently enacted in the hope of creating wider employment opportunities amidst intense global competition and the demands of economic globalization. The law regulates various aspects that aim to facilitate job creation through ease, protection, and empowerment for cooperatives and micro, small, and medium enterprises. In addition, the law also focuses on improving the investment ecosystem and accelerating the implementation of national strategic projects, and aims to improve the protection and welfare of home-based workers. For this reason, despite all the pros and cons of the issuance of Law Number 6 Year 2023 and its implementing regulations, it is recommended that the Government issue a regulation that specifically provides legal protection to homeworkers. The formulation and implementation of such a regulation should include the introduction and understanding of homeworkers as formal workers as well as informal workers; the policy direction of empowering homeworkers; the expansion of social protection for homeworkers; the development of homeworking and homeworkers as potential actors of micro and small businesses; and promoting the importance of gender equality and non-discrimination in the industrial relations between homeworkers and the parties. This research uses a normative juridical analysis approach. The results of this study found that in this context, the introduction, protection and empowerment of homeworkers and the development of homeworking can be one of the job creation strategies based on the real potential of the community economy that has been growing for a long time along with the development of an increasingly educated, advanced and innovative society.

The Strategy of Micro Waqf Banks for Job Creation on Micro-Scale Enterprises in Indonesia

Indonesia is a Muslim-majority country with a middle-high level of economic growth supported by micro-scale enterprises. The initiative of the financial services authority to establish and supervise micro waqf banks aimed at channelling micro business financing originating from Islamic social finance is expected to open up business and employment opportunities. This research is essential to ensure micro waqf bank customers develop businesses that require new job creation due to financing their businesses managing. Research contribution for micro waqf banks uses the job creation strategy by developing micro-scale enterprises. The difference in this study regarding the previous micro waqf bank is a job creation strategy for customers in micro-scale enterprises. The research aims to determine the strategy of micro waqf banks for job creation in micro-scale enterprises in Banten Province, Indonesia. The research method uses qualitative and quantitative with a descriptive approach. Primary data sources were obtained from managers and heads of weekly halaqah (halmi) micro waqf banks with interviews by purposive sampling and secondary data from the literature. In contrast, data analysis used the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) technique analysis. Research has found that increasing new customers for micro waqf banks is accompanied by an increase in business financing every year, so there is potential for developing new businesses and the need for additional workers in the informal sector. The SWOT analysis calculations show the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) score of 1.725 strengths and 1.530 weaknesses during the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) score of 2.213 opportunities and 1.244 threats. Hence, utilising Strength and Opportunity (SO) is the strategic priority. The research implications use the strengths and opportunities that bind to micro waqf banks for job-creating opportunities.

The Role of Private and Public Agricultural Sector Advisory Service Institutions in Linking Small-Scale Vegetable Farmers to Contract Farming

One of the fundamental challenges facing the South African government is expanding the smallholder farmer sector as part of its broader job creation strategy to ensure support services for productive activity on land once it is transferred to beneficiaries. There is insufficient information in the literature about the predisposition of private and public advisory services and the types of investments needed in extension services, which might improve small-scale vegetable farmers' productivity and participation in the supply chain. Qualitative methods were used to collect data from 55 small-scale vegetable farmers, 15 government extension officers and 16 agribusiness firm informants from Amathole District Municipality and Sarah Baartman (formerly Cacadu) District Municipality in Eastern Cape, South Africa. The respondents were selected using a non-purposive sampling technique, and data were collected using self-administered interviews and focus group discussions. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that even though the government has increased the budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector over the last two decades, these resources are skewed. Moreover, in most instances, the distribution favours a politically connected minority. Agribusinesses were found to focus more on capturing agricultural value chains by prioritising the production of high-value crops at the expense of small-scale farmers' livelihoods while failing to provide support services. It is recommended that both private and public advisory services should tailor support services provided to small-scale farmers based on the needs of the type of market targeted by these farmers.

Franchising as a strategy for job creation in the clothing sector: A case study of Walvis Bay

The franchise business model enjoys much support in both developed and developing countries. It is considered by many as a key contributor to economic growth and is also perceived as a vital vehicle for job creation. Unemployment rates in Namibia are currently a cause for concern and approaches are needed to stimulate job creation. This study reports on perceptions of franchising as a job creation strategy within the Walvis Bay area. The study employed a mixed method research design and used a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to collect data. A total sample of n=110 completed the questionnaire, while n=6 participants were interviewed. The study results indicate a rapid growth and awareness of the franchise model in the food sector, while less growth was evident in the clothing sector. The franchise model was however, seen as a key avenue for stimulating economic growth and viable job creation strategy. Stronger incentivization is recommended, specifically in the areas of tax exemptions, export processing zones, introduction of specific franchise legislation and more expansive monetary and fiscal policies.

Energy Transition in Portugal Based on Environmental, Political and Social Factors: Critical Analyses with Uncertainty

Portugal is under an electoral process after the state budget was led in October 2021. At a time when climate change, energy prices, energy poverty and environmental impacts are the focus of discussion and intervention in the other countries of the European Union, Portugal is managed by twelfths and without the possibility of changing public policies. The electoral decision will take place on 30 January 2022 and will then have a set of coalition negotiations, governance program adjustment and presentation of a new state budget for approval and discussion in specialty, and a long period is expected before real changes to the twelfth management system can be made. Among the various themes, the economic, social and environmental impacts of energy, especially oil and its replacement, of future decisions are unknown. Portugal has committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 as a contribution to the global and European targets undertaken in the implementation of the Paris Agreement. Meeting this target requires a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of more than 85% compared to 2005 emissions and a carbon sequestration capacity of 13 Mton. Decarbonisation is also an investment and job creation strategy. By 2030, Portugal is expected to reach a target of 47% renewable energy in gross final energy consumption and a 20% renewable energy target in transport. Accelerate the implementation of the National Energy and Climate Plan 2030 and the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050, promoting regional roadmaps for carbon neutrality, elaborating five-year carbon budgets that define a multi-year horizon, defining methodologies for assessing the legislative impact on climate action and eliminating administrative constraints that create disproportionate context costs without capital gains. Portugal has exceptional conditions to become an example of environmental sustainability vis-à-vis its European partners. Instead of using the environmental perspective as a weapon against economic development, the dimension of sustainability must be incorporated into the growth model itself. The specificity of Portugal, situated in the far west of Europe and with the Atlantic as its second frontier, makes the transatlantic relationship more important than for any other European country. Not ignoring the geopolitical forces centered on Asia and the Pacific, it is necessary to strengthen the Atlantic community, to deepen the relationship with the US and to strengthen the link to the countries of Latin America, to enhance Portugal's role in the point of access to Europe of goods and energy

Youth Unemployment in Somalia: A Case Study of Baidoa, Southwest State of Somalia

This study examines the problem of unemployment in Baidoa city, the capital of Bay region in the Southwest State of Somalia. The results indicate that the root causes of unemployment among the youth are corruption, tribalism, lack of skills, inadequate education, and poor economy. The findings further reveal that the problem of unemployment, which leads to youth radicalization, increase of crime, and migration, can be curbed by eliminating the practice of tribalism, corruption and setting a proper strategy for job creation. While these are the perceptions of the 50 respondents surveyed in the study, suggestions and recommendations are given to various stakeholders to find solutions to the negative impact unemployment is causing to the youth in Baidoa.

A SOCIAL ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY: IS THERE POTENTIAL FOR AN INTERFACE?

South Africa is plagued by high unemployment, extreme poverty and a worrying skills deficit. Job creation strategies focus on the formal economy, but some argue that the focus should shift to policies that would help with the expansion and development of the social (or solidarity) economy that exists alongside the public and private sectors. This sector is driven mainly by a concern to better the interests of their members, or to fulfil a public benefit, rather than to maximize profits. It has been argued that cooperatives provide a suitable vehicle for organizing workers in this sphere. Jackson (Prosperity Without Growth, 2011), in advancing the idea of a sustainable economy, calls for macro-economic interventions that, inter alia, include a structural transition to service-based activities and working-time policies aimed at thefacilitation of shared work. The former strategy (structural transition to service-based activities), although developed in a completely different context, shares many synergies with the underlying notions associated with the development of a social economy. It evolves around business models providing services which are resource-light, but which are not the same as the service sector development which,worldwide, is associated with a concomitant decline in the primary and secondary sectors.The article explores, first, the potential of the social economy as a site for the creation of decent jobs and the possible role in this regard of structures such as cooperatives and, second, whether any meaningful lessons can be drawn in this regard from the research that has be done on the “greening” of economic growth.

Expanded Public Works Programme Participants: Transitioning to Tourism in South Africa

The Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) was developed in South Africa as a strategy for job creation amongst poor people. However, this desired outcome of EPWP is often not achieved. This research follows an action research approach to analyse the potential of two organisations to collectively help overcome development gaps and improve living, learning and working conditions for EPWP participants. A new framework is proposed that will support all collaborating organizations to achieve their common objectives of overcoming poverty and unemployment and providing opportunities in rural areas for vulnerable people to earn an income. The research assesses the opportunities for collaboration between the organizations to help create business opportunities in tourism once participants exit the EPWP programme. This study included some primary data collection and adds new insights to the body of knowledge that deals with effectiveness of EPWP programmes in achieving objectives of poverty alleviation and job creation.

A Study on Daejeon Metropolitan City Job Creation Strategy by ICT-based Industry - Factors for creating jobs in overseas clusters by organizational ecology approach -

A Study on Daejeon Metropolitan City Job Creation Strategy by ICT-based Industry - Factors for creating jobs in overseas clusters by organizational ecology approach -

Nurturing the Contemporary Entrepreneur: A Tactical Solution to the Outrageous Unemployment and Poverty Rate in Nigeria

Despite the Nigerian government's supports for entrepreneurial development through initiatives with significant capacity for growth as witnessed over the years from the activities of establishments like National Directorate of Employment (NDE) and Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN). The existing level of poverty and unemployment is disheartening though many attributed it to unbalanced increase in population growth. The study reviewed literatures on building entrepreneurial mind-set, entrepreneur culture and competent skill development in relation to entrepreneurial development. The study is based on qualitative research method and in the process large amount of data was generated with results descriptively drawn from the data obtained. The aftermaths of literature review indicate the absence of entrepreneur mentorship and counselling in Nigeria. Similarly, the absence of entrepreneurial mind-set and clarity of entrepreneur culture is another factor. For that reason, there is need to develop a framework to help nurture our ideal contemporary entrepreneur which entails setting up an adequate entrepreneurial mentorship and counselling programmes to help inculcate the act of building an entrepreneur mind-set as well as entrepreneur culture in all aspects be it a new entrepreneur start-up or an existing venture with the hope of a wide geographical spread in both rural and urban areas. Adequate geographical coverage and equal opportunity for both genders will significantly help in curbing poverty in Nigeria. Integrating these practices with adequate government policy can contribute to entrepreneur growth as a job creation strategy to reduce government burden of employment generation as well as improve the living standard of Nigerians.

Job Creation Strategies for Nigeria

This paper attempts to survey a wide range of job creation strategies that policymakers can implement during times of economic recession. This paper does not attempt to determine which job creation strategies work “best;” rather, it is a broad survey mapping the landscape of job creation strategies. We organize the strategies in this paper around four broad categories. Many of the strategies we discuss serve more than one of these categories; taken, they all can contribute to stabilizing the economy and adding net new jobs, if implemented appropriately. While strong economies have the luxury of concentrating on long-term job growth and labour supply strategies, the Recession as currently experienced in Nigeria requires government practitioners to focus more narrowly on stimulating labour demand and employing workers now. Practitioners must balance long and short-term goals in job creation, realizing that few policies can serve both.

"4차 산업혁명 시대의 주요 서비스업종을 통한 일자리 창출 전략"

"4차 산업혁명 시대의 주요 서비스업종을 통한 일자리 창출 전략"

The youth unemployment challenge in Africa: What are the drivers?

AbstractYouth unemployment remains a major political and socioeconomic challenge in Africa despite the recent strong growth performance of many African countries. The study undertakes an empirical assessment of the main sources of youth unemployment in Africa. Based on panel data of 41 African countries covering the period 2000–2010, the study finds a demographic youth bulge and poor economic growth from both supply and demand sides of the market to be key drivers of youth unemployment in Africa. Employment-to-population ratio as a measure of country’s job creation ability and vulnerable employment as a proxy for informality are observed to have had a decreasing effect on youth unemployment. The empirical findings also suggest higher youth employment rates among females than males and a higher concentration in urban than rural areas. Investment in the high labour absorption sectors of agriculture and manufacturing is advocated as job creation strategies, along with population control measures to slow the growing youth population in Africa. High growth in the low employment sectors of mining and extractive industries could serve as resource generating avenues to promote investment in education and skill training, along with infrastructure to facilitate growth in high labour absorption sectors.

Who cares? The social care sector and the future of youth employment

The social care sector has been identified as a potential source of job creation for young people by policymakers, however the quality of such employment opportunities requires closer scrutiny. This study reveals how job creation strategies focused upon sectors such as social care which have high levels of employment insecurity can contribute towards reinforcing patterns of precarious work across Europe. Drawing upon research involving young people and representatives from the sector, this study argues that while attracting new employees is a worthy objective, the capacity of the social care sector to offer secure employment for young people is questionable.

The social investment approach as a field of job creation. From the ‘recalibration’ to a resurgent trade-off between employment growth and low wage (white) jobs. A comparison between Germany and Italy

ABSTRACTThe social investment approach emerged as a new welfare paradigm, aimed at reconciling the traditional functions of the welfare supply with a productive social agenda, designed at preparing people to confront the ‘new social risks’, whether they be related to the problem of balancing paid work and family responsibilities, upgrading the skills, preventing inequalities and promoting the availability of in-kind services. In order to achieve these objectives, especially those related to care needs and work-life balance, the adoption of social investment-based strategies necessarily implies an expansion of the jobs related to health and social care services. In more recent years, many studies have analysed the limitations of the social investment policies because of their different redistributive impacts on social groups. Several studies have found a higher use of these policies for high-income families. Another source of criticism on social investment is that spending on these policies would seem to crowd out more traditional passive social expenditures. In this article, we examine another question related to the widespread of this approach: what are the effects of the social investment policies in terms of direct job creation? In fact, one of the more controversial issues, related to social investment policies, is their direct contribution to the labour market in terms of both quantity and quality of work within welfare services. The article analyses these issues focusing on Germany and Italy, two countries that represent not only two different care regimes but also two distinct models regarding job creation strategies in the care sector. In doing so, particular attention will be paid to long-term care policies, as they represent one of the pivotal areas of the social investment approach, both in terms of social services, to address new social risks, and new jobs related to welfare services

Employment Structure and Job Creation Strategy in Service Industries

Kim, Chun Kon.May, 2013.Employment structure and job creation strategy in service industries,Report,[Seoul]Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade,8

Changes in the Economic and Industrial Structure and Job Creation Strategies for Korea

Oh, Young-Seok.2013.Changes in the economic and industrial structure and job creation strategies for Korea,Report,[Seoul]Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade,11

Support for smallholder farmers in South Africa: Challenges of scale and strategy

The South African Government aims to expand the smallholder sector as part of its broader job creation strategy. However, research shows that government attempts to support smallholder farmers have generally been costly and ineffective. Using secondary data and case study evidence, this study investigated the problems of supporting this sector. One finding is that while budgetary allocations to the sector have increased impressively over the last decade and a half, the distribution and use of these resources are such that few farmers benefit and the overall impact is small. A strategic choice has to be made between two strategies: supporting a few selected farmers to become large-scale commercial farmers (‘accumulation for the few’), or supporting a large number and helping them to increase and diversify their produce so as to become sustainable commercial smallholders (‘accumulation from below’). Past experience and a new national initiative favour the latter, using geographically targeted generic support services.

Tourism Potentiality and Infrastructure Planning with Special Reference to the Dehing-Patkai Region: An Analysis

This article presents the importance of Tourism in the present context. It also focuses on the Dehing Patkai region as a highly potential place for tourism in the economies of the North Eastern (NE) Region in India. This article does not seek to propose a comprehensive job-creation strategy through tourism, but to outline steps necessary to reinforce the potential role that tourism can play in general and in job creation, in particular, and points out the policy steps that can be taken in this direction.