Conflict Resolution Strategies Research Articles

Self-Sacrifice Is Not the Only Way to Practice Filial Piety for Chinese Adolescents in Conflict With Their Parents

We applied the theoretical perspective of the dual filial piety model to consider the diversity of parent–child conflict resolution strategies in order to determine whether Chinese adolescents use strategies other than self-sacrifice to practice filial piety when in conflict with their parents. Study 1 utilized a cross-sectional design with 247 valid responses. The structural equation modeling analysis indicated that Taiwanese adolescents’ authoritarian filial piety (AFP) beliefs are positively related to use of a self-sacrifice strategy, and reciprocal filial piety (RFP) beliefs are positively related to use of compatibility and compromise strategies. Adolescents’ AFP and RFP beliefs are negatively related to use of utility and escape strategies. Study 2 applied a temporal separation procedure with a 1-year lag to remedy common method variance bias. Analysis of 1,063 valid responses replicated the findings of Study 1 and indicated that adolescents’ function-oriented appraisal of conflict can play a mediating role between RFP and the use of the compatibility and compromise strategies. These findings broaden the understanding of filial piety in modern Chinese societies and have implications for adolescents’ well-being and family life.

Conflict Resolution Strategies in Resolving Religious Conflict In Nigeria

Conflict Resolution Strategies in Resolving Religious Conflict In Nigeria

Oceans of Conflict: Pathways to an Ocean Sustainability PACT

ABSTRACT Festering ocean conflict thwarts efforts to realize the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. This paper explores transformations of ocean conflict into situated sustainability pathways that privilege human needs, justice and equity. We first outline the promise and limits of prevailing ocean/coastal governance practices, with a focus on marine spatial planning (MSP), which by framing conflict in shallow terms as use incompatibility, supports resolution strategies that privilege neoliberal technocratic-managerial and post-political models of consensual negotiation, thereby obscuring the structural inequalities, maldistributions and misrecognitions that drive deep-seated conflicts. Next, the distinctive features of the marine realm and ocean conflict are explained. Third, we outline the root causes, drivers and scale of conflict, with reference to history, climate, culture, governance, institutions and prevailing international socio-political conditions. Fourth, we reflect on the nature of conflict, exploring implications for shallow and deeper approaches of handling conflicts. Fifth, we highlight the implications of knowledge co-production for understanding and transforming conflict in pursuit of justice. Then, in response to the orthodoxies of MSP and prevailing conflict resolution strategies, we elaborate an alternative approach – Pragmatic Agonistic co-produced Conflict Transformation (PACT) for sustainability – sketching out key elements of a praxis that seeks to transform destructive interaction patterns of conflict into co-produced, constructive, scalable and ‘institutionalizable’ yet contestable and provisional sustainability knowledge-action.

Cognitive basis of emotional burn-out syndrome in students on ordinature programs

Introduction. Post-graduate education of residents is the basis of the professional activity of doctors. Therapeutic activities involve emotional load and a lot of stress factors. Emotional burnout syndrome (EBS) is the response of the organism to prolonged negative exposure to professional stresses. Psychological overwork is considered to be the main cause of EBS. This article is devoted to the study of resource possibilities of the individual and to the search for ways to prevent the development of EBS in residents at the postgraduate stage of education. Materials and methods. The EBS analysis (V.V. Boyko’s method), conflict competence (method "Diagnostics of leading type of response" by M.M. Kashapov and T.G. Kiseleva), communicative competence (method "Professional communicative competence of the doctor" by N.V. Yakovleva and L.P. Urvantsev), creativity (test "Creativity" by N.F. Vishniakova) and creative characteristics of personality (Questionnaire of abilities of creative personality by O.A. Shliapnikova and M.M. Kashapov) were used to examine 130 persons (100 residents of surgical and therapeutic specialties and 30 doctors of general practice) in comparison groups with correlation analysis. Results. The obtained data support the hypothesis that 1) differences in the choice of conflict resolution strategy contribute to the development of EBS symptoms; 2) residents experience a shortage of professional communicative competence, which leads to the development of EBS; 3) there are relationships between the parameters of creativity and the expression of EBS; 4) the chosen medical specialty is related to the degree of expression of creative abilities of the individual. Discussion and conclusion. The reasons for the identified psychological disadvantage are analyzed. A comparative analysis of conflict and communication competencies, as well as creative characteristics of the person, which play a role in the development of the EBS has been carried out. It has been established that creativity and creative abilities manifest themselves as resource opportunities whose targeted development can serve as a means of preventing EBS in residents.

Cognitive foundations of residents' burnout syndrome in postgraduate education

Postgraduate education of the resident is the basis of its professional activity, which involves the presence of emotional saturation and a large number of factors that cause stress. Emotional burnout syndrome (CMEA), being the body's reaction to prolonged stressors, is a consequence of psychological overwork. The aim of the study was to study the cognitive resource capabilities of the individual and determine ways to prevent the development of CMEA in 100 residents of surgical and therapeutic specialties using CMEA analysis techniques, assessing conflict and communicative competencies, as well as creativity and creative characteristics of the individual. The comparison group was 30 general practitioners. Evidence has been obtained for hypotheses that CMEA in residents is less pronounced and distributed than in general practitioners; differences in the choice of conflict resolution strategy contribute to the development of CMEA symptoms. The reasons for psychological discomfort of students under residency programmes were revealed. A comparative analysis of conflict competency and symptoms of CMEA, has been carried out. It has been established that conflict competency is manifested as cognitive resource opportunities, the deliberate development of which can serve as a means of preventing CMEA in residents.

Assessing the Knowledge of High School Leaders about conflict Solution Strategies in the Workplace from Teachers Aspect in Jeddah City: تقييم معرفة قائدات المرحلة الثانويّة باستراتيجيات حلّ النزاع في بيئة العمل من وجهة نظر المعلّمات في محافظة جُدّة

The study aimed to assess the knowledge of school leaders in the secondary stage of conflict resolution strategies (appeasement, dominance, cooperation, conciliation, avoidance…) in the work environment from the teachers ’point of view, in Jeddah Governorate, and whether there are statistically significant differences in strategies for conflict resolution between leaders due to the qualification variables Scientific and years of experience. And that is in the first semester of the academic year (1440-1441). The study followed the methodology quantitative analytical description using the questionnaire as a tool for the study. The study sample consisted of 712 female teachers who were randomly chosen. The study results indicated that the leaders' knowledge of conflict resolution strategies in the work environment in Jeddah Governorate was average. The order of the strategies followed came from school leaders (conciliation, cooperation, appeasement, avoidance, dominance). no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) due to the impact of the educational qualification in all fields. The study has many recommendations, including: Working on setting up training courses for school leaders at all stages to train them on how to diagnose the conflict, learn its causes and ways to deal with it, and build positive working relationships between parameters, appropriate for conflict resolution.

Development of data-driven conflict resolution generator for en-route airspace

Airspace conflict resolution is critical for safe operations of aircraft, becoming more important with ever-increasing airspace congestion. While there are numerous aircraft's conflict resolution approaches in the literature, almost all of them are based on flight dynamics to predict aircraft's future trajectories and generate a conflict resolution strategy by maneuvering and thus modifying flight paths. However, it is unclear how to analyze the current-day operations provided by air traffic controllers from the flight dynamics viewpoint. In this paper, we propose a data-driven resolution generator (D2RG) for air traffic control using machine learning, which guarantees safety. In the D2RG, a resolution strategy for a given conflict situation can be automatically synthesized based on the knowledge about the types and characteristics (or parameters) of resolutions managed by air traffic controllers, which is extracted from flight data. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with flight data from a multi-fidelity modeling and simulation system, and also tested with actual flight data to show its applicability to real scenarios.

Coping with religious conflicts

This article presents conceptual results from the Interfaculty Research Cooperation “Religious Conflicts and Coping Strategies” at the University of Bern. Since 2018, researchers from various academic disciplines—theology, psychology, law, religious studies, social anthropology, jewish studies, islamic studies, political sciences, history, communication studies, philosophy, gender studies and german studies—have been comparatively investigating past and present conflicts with religious dimensions.Conflicts involving religion often intensify, elude resolution or lose their constructive and socializing potential, because strong emotional, factual and interpretive aspects are interwoven. Established strategies of conflict resolution therefore often reach their limits in such conflicts. We show that the concept of coping has the advantage of focusing on the process rather than on the resolution of conflicts. It does not aim at solving a conflict that may not be solved, but it aims at looking for ways to shape and manage conflicts with religious dimensions. Coping as a concept originates from psychologists, who describe individuals as active beings who are able to deal with stressful situations on emotional, factual and interpretative-evaluative levels. The different types of coping correlate with three essential dimensions of religion. Therefore, coping as a travelling concept can be particularly fruitful for the interdisciplinary study of conflicts with religious dimensions. It fosters a context-sensitive and differentiated analysis of the dynamics of religious conflicts and may therefore contribute to develop the approach of conflict transformation. First, this paper presents guiding questions for such a context-sensitive conflict analysis; second, it presents an analytical model that visualizes the relevant conflict factors, dimensions of religion and types of coping and facilitates questions about their interactions.

Explaining Heterogeneity of Daily Conflict Spillover in the Family: The Role of Dyadic Marital Conflict Patterns.

In this multi‐informant, longitudinal, daily diary study, we investigated whether long‐term dyadic patterns of marital conflict resolution explain the heterogeneity in short‐term day‐to‐day cross‐lagged associations between marital conflict intensity and mother–adolescent conflict intensity. The sample consisted of 419 adolescents (44.6% girls, M age = 13.02, SD = 0.44, at T1; M age = 17.02, SD = 0.44, at T5), their mothers (N = 419, M age = 44.48, SD = 4.17, at T1), and their fathers (N = 419, M age = 46.76, SD = 4.99, at T1). Mothers and fathers reported on their marital conflict resolution strategies annually across 5 years. Mother–father daily conflict intensity (mother‐reported) and mother–adolescent daily conflict intensity (mother‐ and adolescent‐reported) were assessed for 75 days across 5 years. We hypothesized that long‐term marital conflict resolution patterns would moderate the short‐term daily dynamics of conflict between the marital and the mother–adolescent dyads. Latent Class Growth Analysis revealed four types of families based on long‐term dyadic marital conflict resolution, including families where mostly constructive or mostly destructive conflict resolution was used. Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling was used to investigate the daily levels and short‐term daily dynamics of conflict, revealing that for most families there were no day‐to‐day lagged associations between marital conflict and mother–adolescent conflict. Results showed that long‐term conflict resolution patterns did not moderate the short‐term dynamics of daily conflict. However, differences among long‐term marital conflict resolution patterns were found in the levels of daily conflict, such that in families with long‐term destructive conflict resolution patterns, daily conflict intensity was higher.

STRATEGI RESOLUSI KONFLIK LAHAN OLEH PT. SURYA BRATASENA PLANTATION DENGAN MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN PANGKALAN KURAS KABUPATEN PELALAWAN RIAU

Conflicts in oil palm plantation companies cannot be separated from land problems with the community. This conflict occurred due to the existence of community land within the PT. Surya Bratasena Plantation due to an error in the previous shaving. The purpose of this research is to see and understand how the company strategy in its efforts to settle land with the community and to find out what factors are the obstacles to the implementation of the Land Conflict Resolution Strategy made by PT. Surya Bratasena Plantation. The theory used in this research is conflict resolution theory with three indicators, namely negotiation, mediation and arbitration. To answer this research problem, researchers used qualitative methods using data collection techniques such as interviews and documentation, then analyzed and looked for conclusions about these problems. The results of this study indicate that the strategy that has been made by PT. Surya Bratasena Plantation and offered to the community can solve the problem without involving a third party in its resolution. The inhibiting factor in carrying out this strategy is the presence of outsiders as provocateurs to make people not want to make peace.

Relationships of Adolescent and Young Couples with Violent Behaviors: Conflict Resolution Strategies.

Violence in adolescent and young couples is a major issue given its high prevalence and the serious consequences that it brings. For this reason, this research has stated two main objectives. In the first place, to ascertain the level of agreement between both members of the couple both with regard to occurrence and frequency of violence. Second, to ascertain the level of agreement on the frequency of use of conflict resolution strategies in problematic situations in 141 heterosexual couples. The age of the sample was between 17 and 30. The tools used were the DVQ-R questionnaire and the Spanish adaptation by Bonache, Ramírez-Santana, and González-Mendez (2016) of the Inventory of Conflict Resolution Styles (CSRI)The results indicate that of the 141 couples in the sample, 112 were identified as violent, thus indicating a high prevalence of violence within their partner relationships. Regarding the levels of agreement and accordance, statistically significant discrepancies are reflected in the perception of violence between men and women, analyzing both roles (aggression and victimization). Finally, also noteworthy is use of the strategy of negative involvement in conflicts, with significant differences in relation to sex; it is the girls who make the most use of this strategy, and the high level of agreement on the frequency of problem-solving is reflected on that strategy.

Effect of Demographic Characteristics on Conflicts Management in Jigawa State, Nigeria

The study analysed the effect of demographic characteristics on conflict management in Jigawa State. Multi-stage sampling procedure consisting of purposive, snow ball sampling method, cluster sampling and random sampling were used in selecting 75 crop farmers, 75 sedentary pastoralists and 79 migratory pastoralists who were interviewed using Structured Questionnaire. The analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, logistics regression. The study revealed that farmers believed court verdict (53.3%) and intervention by low enforcement agents (40.0%) were the strategies of conflict resolution. The sedentary pastoralists generally believed that intervention by traditional leaders (52.0%) and local community crop farmers/herders intervention (42.7%) were the strategies of conflict resolution, while the migratory pastoralists opined that intervention by traditional leaders (50.6%) and payment of compensation to victims (49.4%) are the strategies of conflict resolution. The result further revealed that 57.3% of farmers, 65.3% of the sedentary pastoralists and 50.6% of the migratory pastoralists agreed that extension agents play vital roles in conflicts prevention and management. Results of logistic regression for the farmers showed that marital status (0.007), household size (0.100) and nature of the farms (0.010) were statistically significant, while for the sedentary pastoralists’ age (0.010), herd size (0.093) and awareness about grazing reserves (0.097) were significant, and for the migratory pastoralists herd size (0.074), herding experience (0.063) and membership of association (0.100) were statistically significant. However, the demographic characteristics associated with conflict should be properly managed by the appropriate institutions involving in conflict resolutions, similarly government should train and empowers extension agents in discharging their duties, and this will help in effective conflict prevention and management.
 Keywords: Conflict, demographic characteristics, farmers, sedentary and migratory pastoralists

Viewpoint Resolution: A Critical Evaluation

Viewpoints-based requirements engineering is an active area of research. This paper provides a critical evaluation of a particular technique for the early validation of requirements using viewpoints. The technique is limited to the syntactic analysis of requirements and lacks a conflict resolution strategy. This paper describes an approach to the very early validation of requirements based on learning about the viewpoints and building models of their behaviour. The method is a collection of domain-independent heuristics to build internal models of the viewpoints that record their performance in providing information, assessing information, and resolving conflicts between viewpoints.

Characterizing Different Strategies for Resolving Approach-Avoidance Conflict.

The ability of animals to maximize benefits and minimize costs during approach-avoidance conflicts is an important evolutionary tool, but little is known about the emergence of specific strategies for conflict resolution. Accordingly, we developed a simple approach-avoidance conflict task in rats that pits the motivation to press a lever for sucrose against the motivation to step onto a distant platform to avoid a footshock delivered at the end of a 30 s tone (sucrose is available only during the tone). Rats received conflict training for 16 days to give them a chance to optimize their strategy by learning to properly time the expression of both behaviors across the tone. Rats unexpectedly separated into three distinct subgroups: those pressing early in the tone and avoiding later (Timers, 49%); those avoiding throughout the tone (Avoidance-preferring, 32%); and those pressing throughout the tone (Approach-preferring, 19%). The immediate early gene cFos revealed that Timers showed increased activity in the ventral striatum and midline thalamus relative to the other two subgroups, Avoidance-preferring rats showed increased activity in the amygdala, and Approach-preferring rats showed decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex. This pattern is consistent with low fear and high behavioral flexibility in Timers, suggesting the potential of this task to reveal the neural mechanisms of conflict resolution.

Identification and selection of stakeholder engagement strategies: case study of an Iranian oil and gas construction project

Despite emphasizing the great importance of stakeholder management, there is a gap in applying a decision support system to adopt sustainable strategies for stakeholder engagement and conflict resolution especially in oil and gas projects. This paper presents a new framework for adopting the strategies in one of the largest oil and gas projects in Iran. In this proposed framework, firstly, the hybrid SWOT analysis and fuzzy Delphi method are used to identify and rank the sustainable stakeholder engagement strategies for managing conflicts. Then, a mathematical programming model was proposed to select the optimal strategies to maximize stakeholder engagement. The findings indicate that the results of the hybrid SWOT analysis and fuzzy Delphi method and the mathematical programming model are the same and the high ranked strategies obtained by the hybrid SWOT analysis and fuzzy Delphi method are selected in the proposed mathematical programming model as well. Also, each selected strategy can cover more than one conflict and improve stakeholder engagement.

Variation in Conflict Behaviours at Departments and Levels of Management

Conflict within an organization is ubiquitous. Usually, an organization as a whole is taken as the unit of observation in conflict research. However, the task, processes, and relationship as conflict-sources are more likely to be homogeneous within but heterogeneous across functions. We proposed and studied differences of conflict sources, bullying behaviour, emotions and resolution methods, different business functions, and management levels in a stable public sector steel manufacturing organization. The study found the overall level of conflict and bullying behaviour to be low and stress level to be high. Confrontation and negotiation were more used as a conflict-resolution strategy. Age and experience did not have a significant influence on conflict behaviour. However, task, process, and relationship conflicts were significantly different among departments. Significant differences were observed in bullying behaviours and associated emotions. Confrontation was found to be a major conflict resolution strategy that varied across departments. Process conflict varied significantly among different levels of management. The higher level of management experienced greater process conflict. Middle-level managers reported significantly higher withholding of information, unrealistic targets, belittling, criticism, and excessive monitoring. Middle-level managers extensively used confrontation to resolve conflicts.

Conflict Resolution Strategies and Marital Adjustment of Heterosexual Couples: Assessment of Actor–Partner Interaction

This study tested a dyadic theoretical model in which conflict resolution strategies have impact on couples’ marital adjustment. The study features a quantitative and transversal approach and a correlational and explanatory design. Participants included 231 heterosexual couples from different regions of Brazil, contacted after indication. The instrument composed of the Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ) and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (R-DAS) was filled out in the residence of the participants. Data were submitted to dyadic analysis by the latent trait model. The results indicated that the strategies have a strong impact on the individual’s adjustment. Assessing the impact of one of the spouse’s strategies on the other, only the marital adjustment of the men was affected. The evidence suggests differences between husbands and wives regarding the impact of strategies on adjustment. The data are discussed in light of the literature and considering their applicability in the clinical area.

Development and Testing of Psychological Conflict Resolution Strategies for Assertive Robots to Resolve Human-Robot Goal Conflict.

As service robots become increasingly autonomous and follow their own task-related goals, human-robot conflicts seem inevitable, especially in shared spaces. Goal conflicts can arise from simple trajectory planning to complex task prioritization. For successful human-robot goal-conflict resolution, humans and robots need to negotiate their goals and priorities. For this, the robot might be equipped with effective conflict resolution strategies to be assertive and effective but similarly accepted by the user. In this paper, conflict resolution strategies for service robots (public cleaning robot, home assistant robot) are developed by transferring psychological concepts (e.g., negotiation, cooperation) to HRI. Altogether, fifteen strategies were grouped by the expected affective outcome (positive, neutral, negative). In two online experiments, the acceptability of and compliance with these conflict resolution strategies were tested with humanoid and mechanic robots in two application contexts (public: n 1 = 61; private: n 2 = 93). To obtain a comparative value, the strategies were also applied by a human. As additional outcomes trust, fear, arousal, and valence, as well as perceived politeness of the agent were assessed. The positive/neutral strategies were found to be more acceptable and effective than negative strategies. Some negative strategies (i.e., threat, command) even led to reactance and fear. Some strategies were only positively evaluated and effective for certain agents (human or robot) or only acceptable in one of the two application contexts (i.e., approach, empathy). Influences on strategy acceptance and compliance in the public context could be found: acceptance was predicted by politeness and trust. Compliance was predicted by interpersonal power. Taken together, psychological conflict resolution strategies can be applied in HRI to enhance robot task effectiveness. If applied robot-specifically and context-sensitively they are accepted by the user. The contribution of this paper is twofold: conflict resolution strategies based on Human Factors and Social Psychology are introduced and empirically evaluated in two online studies for two application contexts. Influencing factors and requirements for the acceptance and effectiveness of robot assertiveness are discussed.

Conflict between Pharmacy Preceptors and Pharmacy Learners in Experiential Education

The relationship between a preceptor and a learner is complex and can be prone to conflict. The issue of conflict in experiential education has been studied in medicine, nursing, social work, and education; however, conflict between pharmacy preceptors and learners has not been described. To describe types of conflict between pharmacy preceptors and learners, the outcomes of such conflict, the impacts on the preceptor-learner relationship, and conflict-resolution strategies. An anonymous electronic survey of pharmacist preceptors and pharmacy residents in British Columbia was conducted. The survey included various types of questions to enrich the quality of responses (e.g., Likert scale, ranking, and requests for comments). Descriptive statistics were used. Forty-nine participants completed the survey from the preceptor's perspective, 12 from the learner's perspective, and 4 from both perspectives. Sixty percent of preceptors (32/53) and 75% of learners (12/16) admitted experiencing conflict. Preceptors (n = 27) cited the learner's professionalism (74%), knowledge/skills (59%), communication issues (59%), personal issues (56%), and punctuality/attendance (52%) as causes of conflict. Learners, however (n = 12), cited differing expectations (67%), teaching versus learning style preferences (50%), and communication issues (67%) as causes of conflict. The majority of preceptors and learners indicated that conflict had negatively affected the relationship; however, most preceptors (69% [18/26]) and learners (50% [6/12]) agreed or strongly agreed with the statement, "I have generally felt comfortable working with preceptors/learners after a conflict." More learners than preceptors felt that the learner's ability to perform was negatively affected by the conflict (92% [11/12] versus 52% [13/25]). Preceptors were more likely to take initiative to resolve conflict. Verbal communication was the method of conflict resolution preferred by both preceptors and learners. Most preceptors and learners indicated that they felt that conflicts were generally resolved. Conflict was common in the pharmacy preceptor-learner relationship. Pharmacy preceptors and learners had different perspectives about the causes and outcomes of conflict.

Fundamentación, descripción y análisis del cuestionario situacional de estrategias y metas de resolución de conflictos escolares

El objetivo del artículo es ofrecer un instrumento para evaluar las estrategias de resolución utilizadas y las metas planteadas por el alumnado y el profesorado en los conflictos escolares. Se optó por un cuestionario situacional porque conecta con las experiencias reales de ambos colectivos y facilita el diseño de programas para la resolución positiva de los conflictos en función de las necesidades detectadas. El instrumento (en sendas versiones para alumnado y profesorado) está conformado por seis tipos de conflictos escolares presentados en situaciones hipotéticas, adaptadas en cada versión. En cada situación se solicita la frecuencia de ocho estrategias (negociación, mediación, persuasión, adaptación con comprensión, afirmación de poder, violencia, evasión y aceptación con sumisión) y el grado de acuerdo con siete metas (relacional, cambio con internalización, cumplimiento de normas, valor académico, compensación, evitación y punición) de resolución de conflictos. En cuanto a los análisis estadísticos, antes de realizar el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), se exploraron los datos obtenidos de 1143 estudiantes de la ESO y 166 de sus profesores y profesoras en sus respectivas versiones del cuestionario, confirmando su adecuación. Los análisis factoriales identificaron en ambas versiones tres factores de estrategias (integrador, dominador y evitador del malestar) y dos de metas (a largo y a corto plazo). Además, se realizaron diversos análisis de fiabilidad y validez de los datos, obteniéndose valores adecuados. Por tanto, se aporta una herramienta rigurosa, realista y sensible para evaluar la gestión del conflicto, tanto del alumnado como del profesorado, proporcionando claves para diseñar una intervención ajustada a las necesidades de ambos colectivos y de la escuela.