Compensation Scheme Research Articles

How Do Teachers Survive? Turkish Adaptation of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Strategies Scale

The continuous development of professional competencies and active retention of teachers in the field, stemming from alterations in their professional life cycles, are intrinsically connected to the necessity of lifelong learning for teachers. The model of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) strategies can be used to gain insight into the ways in which teachers manage their resources to remain in the profession, how they adapt to their professional lives in the context of lifelong learning, and how to develop effective policies to support the professional development of teachers. Although previous research has emphasized the primary factors that influence teachers' professional development and motivation, there is a scarcity of research on the strategies that teachers use to maintain their employment. In order to fill this gap, this study aims to adapt the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Scale (SOCQ) (Zacher & Frese, 2011), which emphasizes the strategies that teachers use to remain effective in their professional lives, into Turkish. The sample of the study consisted of 299 teachers working in schools in Çekmeköy district of Istanbul province. In the adaptation process of the scale, Turkish translation, back translation, cross-checking, and Turkish face validity stages were followed. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the construct validity of the scale. The CFA revealed excellent fit indices for the scale. Consisting of 12 items and three dimensions, the reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient and composite reliability coefficient (CR). The internal consistency coefficient was 0.81, while the CR value was 0.902. The study's findings demonstrate that the Turkish version of the SOCQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing teachers' use of SOC strategies.

Design of Small Permanent-Magnet Linear Motors and Drivers for Automation Applications with S-Curve Motion Trajectory Control and Solutions for End Effects and Cogging Force

This paper designs and fabricates a small-type permanent-magnet linear motor and driver for automation applications. It covers structural design, magnetic circuit analysis, control strategies, and hardware development. Magnetic circuit analysis software JMAG is used for flux density distribution, back electromotive force (back-EMF), and electromagnetic force analysis. To address the lack of a complete closed magnetic circuit path at the ends of the linear motor, which causes magnetic field asymmetry, a phenomenon known as end effects, auxiliary core structures are proposed to compensate for the magnetic field at the ends. It successfully utilizes auxiliary cores to achieve the phase voltages of each phase, which are balanced at a phase voltage error of 0.02 V. To address the cogging force caused by variations in the magnetic reluctance of the core, this paper analyzes the relationship between electromagnetic force and mover position, conducting harmonic content analysis to obtain parameters. These parameters are applied to the designed cogging force control compensation strategy. It successfully achieves q-axis current compensation of around 1.05 A based on the mover’s position, ensuring that no jerking caused by cogging force occurs during closed-loop electromagnetic force control. The S-curve motion trajectory control is proposed to replace the traditional trapezoidal acceleration and deceleration, resulting in smoother position control of the linear motor. Simulations using JMAG-RT models in MATLAB/Simulink verified these control strategies. After verification, practical test results showed a maximum position error of approximately 5.0 μm. Practical tests show that the designed small-type permanent-magnet linear motor and its driver provide efficient, stable, and high-precision solutions for automation applications.

Information Disclosure by Informed Intermediary in Double Auction

Abstract In this paper, I study the role of an informed intermediary in improving market efficiency through communication with a buyer and a seller. Based on a double auction setting, I introduce an agent who is partially informed about the private information of a buyer and a seller. The agent can disclose information to either both parties, one party, or none of them. I compare the two most common incentives of the agent, maximizing either trade probability or expected price, in information disclosure. The analysis shows that the former incentive improves efficiency more than the latter; the agent with the former always discloses all relevant information, resulting in not only a higher trade probability but also a higher expected price. The buyer and the seller mostly prefer the agent disclosing information to both parties. When the agent discloses information to only one party, the buyer and the seller desire to be the one who receives the information exclusively. They sometimes prefer the agent disclosing information exclusively to the other party over no information for all. The findings of this paper have important implications for the design of compensation schemes for intermediaries who play a significant role as advisors to market participants.

Policies for sufficiency: factors influencing acceptance in the Swiss population

Adopting strategies for sufficiency is crucial to meeting climate and sustainability objectives. However, this requires a societal shift which depends on favorable framework conditions pertaining to infrastructure, incentives, regulations, and social and cultural values. Sufficiency policies are essential for influencing and creating such conditions and acceptance by the affected population are important. This article presents two related studies that investigated the acceptance levels of policies supporting sufficiency among the Swiss population and the factors influencing this acceptance. The first study involved a quantitative survey of 834 individuals to assess acceptance of ten policy measures at national and communal levels. The second study entailed interviews with 15 individuals with the same sociodemographic criteria as a critical subgroup identified in the quantitative survey, namely respondents with little environmental affinity, with a low or medium level of education, and from rural or semi-urban areas, and considered on an in-depth basis three of the ten policy measures: the real price of meat, the potential of reduced working hours, and the ban on fossil-fuel powered cars. We further discussed the obstacles and drivers associated with each of these measures with seven experts from relevant fields, leading to recommendations on increasing their acceptance. The findings show that sufficiency policy can gain public support if implemented equitably and seen as effective by the population. When implementing such measures, it is essential to consider fairness and evaluate compensation strategies. Avoiding consideration of sufficiency measures is not advisable and it is crucial to build on existing favorable assessments and counter misleading perceptions with specific arguments and positive framings.

Multi-Time Scale Energy Storage Optimization of DC Microgrid Source-Load Storage Based on Virtual Bus Voltage Control

The energy storage adjustment strategy of source and load storage in a DC microgrid is very important to the economic benefits of a power grid. Therefore, a multi-timescale energy storage optimization method for direct current (DC) microgrid source-load storage based on a virtual bus voltage control is studied. It uses a virtual damping compensation strategy to control the stability of virtual bus voltage and establishes a virtual energy storage model by combining different types of distributed capability units. The design of an optimization process for upper-level daily energy storage has the objective function of maximizing the economic benefits of microgrids to cope with unplanned fluctuations in power. A real-time energy-adjustment scheme for the lower level is introduced, and a real-time energy-adjustment scheme based on virtual energy storage for the short-term partition of the source-load storage is designed to improve the reliability of microgrid operations. The experiment shows that, in response to the constant amplitude oscillation of the power grid after a sudden increase in power, this method introduces a virtual damping compensation strategy at 20 s, which can stabilize the virtual bus voltage. From 00:00 to 09:00, the battery power remains at around 4 MW, and from 12:00 to 21:00, the battery exits the discharge state. The economic benefits from applying this method are significantly higher than before. This method can effectively adjust the source-load energy storage in real time. During peak electricity price periods, the SOC value of supercapacitors is below 0.4, and during normal electricity price periods, the SOC value of supercapacitors can reach up to 1.0, which can make the state of the charge value of supercapacitors meet economic requirements.

A Study on Compensation and Reward System and Its Impact on the Motivational Level of Employees

The purpose of this study is to investigate how reward and compensation schemes affect worker motivation while emphasizing the need to humanize the workplace. One of the most important factors influencing employee behavior and satisfaction is compensation, which includes both monetary and non-monetary benefits. To promote long-lasting motivation, firms must take into account comprehensive strategies for worker recognition, well-being, and personal development in addition to monetary incentives. The study explores a range of pay approaches, including more creative, customized reward schemes and more conventional salary-based systems. It also highlights the necessity of humanized remuneration policies that take into consideration workers' participation, company culture, and unique requirements. Utilizing motivational theories like Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the study looks at how various incentive structures affect both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Image quality enhancement in variable refresh rate LTPO-based AMOLED displays using a gate in panel voltage compensation scheme

This study investigated novel driving scheme for low-temperature polycrystalline silicon and oxide (LTPO) active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays under variable refresh rate (VRR) driving conditions with aim of reducing the brightness instability (i.e., flicker and luminance variation) for seamless performance. The mechanisms underlying brightness fluctuations in displays were examined, focusing on frequency-dependent differences in gate-inpanel (GIP) operations. Notably, our study revealed additional factors within the GIP operation that cause LTPO flicker and VRR performance, in addition to previously identified factors of thin-film transistor hysteresis and OLED charging. Consequently, variable GIP voltage driving method that reduced these issues and enhanced display performance was proposed. The proposed method could minimize brightness fluctuations to levels imperceptible to users and facilitate performance improvement through driving options in peripheral circuits without modifying panel design and is applicable across various applications utilizing LTPO OLED technology. Its driving scheme was validated through simulation and measurement of luminance variation during frequency transition using 6.0-inch LTPO-applied AMOLED displays. The experimental results indicated a decrease in luminance difference from 14.2% to 1.5%, particularly at extremely low brightness level of 0.2 nit. The luminance distortion decreased from 7 to less than 1, which is a just noticeable color difference (JNCD).

Portfolio Management with Option Compensation Scheme Under Rank-Dependent Expected Utility

Portfolio Management with Option Compensation Scheme Under Rank-Dependent Expected Utility

Walking load model considering damping and energy compensation strategy

Walking load model considering damping and energy compensation strategy

The Economics of Capital Allocation in Firms: Evidence from Internal Capital Markets

We analyze a unique chief financial officer (CFO) survey data set to examine capital allocation in firms. Top management is aware of agency and information problems at the divisional level and organizes the budgeting process to counteract managerial opportunism, employing systems of interconnected measures, including layers of approval, divisional budgets, reporting requirements, and compensation schemes. When making funding decisions, top management relies heavily on top-level nonfinancial information, such as the assessment of divisional managers’ abilities. However, substantial parts of the capital budget do not require top management approval as firms trade off the benefits and costs of decentralization, thereby deviating from the traditional paradigm of decentralized project initiation but centralized project approval. Even firms with active internal capital markets tilt capital allocation toward relatively even distributions, reflecting the use of capital allocation as a credible communication device. We also find that within-firm agency problems may result in capital rationing, that is, divisions’ restricted access to internal capital. CFOs also believe that integrating multiple businesses into an internal capital market results in tangible financial benefits, predominantly lower costs of capital and higher debt capacities. Thus, our findings also support coinsurance arguments suggesting that internal capital markets may improve access to external financing. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the BBBank Karlsruhe, Wissenschaftsförderung der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, and Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (Karlsruhe House of Young Scientists). Publishing fees were supported by the “Funding Programme Open Access Publishing” of the University of Hohenheim. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02755 .

Revenue assessment of damage aware wind farm control for secondary frequency regulation provision

Abstract In this paper, a case study of a wind power plant participating in the balancing market is presented and any potential revenue benefits are estimated. To make a representative performance assessment, an existing case for the frequency regulation market is selected, based on the pay-for-performance scheme of the US regional transmission operator Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM). In this implementation, the wind power plant is being rewarded or penalized based on its signal-tracking capabilities, which are quantified by proper performance metrics. The fast response characteristics of the wind turbines allow for tracking even the faster automatic regulation signal (RegD from PJM). However, one of the significant challenges associated with providing such type of active power reference tracking on the wind farm scale is that different turbines have different responses and structural damage accumulation due to the local environmental conditions and the coupling due to wakes. The in-house developed, numerically efficient, wind farm simulation model “regfarm” is employed, allowing for a thorough analysis and revenue assessment under various operating regimes and weather conditions. Numerous time-domain simulations and historical pricing time series are used to quantify the expected revenue from market participation. Under the regulation market pay-for-performance compensation scheme, the simulated wind farm earned a lower revenue when compared to maximizing energy production. Depending on the configuration, the wind farm experiences between a 2.14% and a 2.38% decrease in revenue when providing 10% of the estimated available power to the regulation market. The wind farm is operated as both damage-ignorant and damage-aware, with no significant comparative loss in revenue when the damage distribution is considered.

Comprehensive Compensation Scheme for Fetal Magnetocardiography Measurement

Comprehensive Compensation Scheme for Fetal Magnetocardiography Measurement

Cr3+-doped Na2CaSn2Ge3O12 garnet showing broadband near-infrared emission at 820 nm with zero thermal quenching and near-unity quantum yield

The continually advancing near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED) hold pivotal significance in optical imaging and NIR spectroscopy. Cr3+-doped garnet broadband NIR phosphors have attracted considerable attention owing to their high optical performance enabled by the rigid structure. Nonetheless, the emission wavelength is severely restricted, and longer wavelength emissions usually result in inferior quantum efficiency and poor luminescence stability. In this work, the concurrent reconstruction of dodecahedral and octahedral sites by introducing [Na+-Sn4+]C unit in the framework of Na2CaSn2Ge3O12 garnet contributes to the Cr3+ broadband NIR emission spanning 700–1200 nm, with a peak at 820 nm. Utilizing a charge compensation strategy via Ta5+ codoping largely boosts the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of Na2CaSn2Ge3O12:Cr3+ from 93.06 % up to 95.04 %. Trap-mediated energy compensation is proposed to achieve a record-breaking zero-thermal-quenching behavior (99.39 %@423 K) of Cr3+-doped garnet with such a longer wavelength emission. The encapsulated prototype broadband NIR pc–LED gives rise to an overwhelming NIR output power of 590.9 mW@1300 mA and a photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 32.62 % at 30 mA, rendering exceptional performance in night vision, detection, and NIR imaging applications.

Systematic Review on The Role of Gender and Language Learning Strategies (LLS)

le to master the language. These struggles generally encompass internal as well as external challenges. Some examples of internal factors comprise low motivation, interest, and focus besides a poor attitude towards the target language in question. Meanwhile, some external factors normally include ineffective and inappropriate teaching and learning (T & L) methods, an unsupportive classroom environment, and a lack of support and encouragement from family and friends. This study aims to determine the role of gender in English as a second language (ESL) learners’ use of language learning strategies (LLS). Online databases such as Google Scholar, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Scopus, and ProQuest were used to identify the relevant literature. Online searches conducted from 2010 and 2022 revealed 197 studies on the topic. The systematic literature review method was employed for this study. However, only 23 kinds of literature out of 197 were selected for inclusion according to specific criteria outlined by the research purpose mentioned above. Based on the results it was found that gender does play a significant role in the ESL learners' use of LLS due to several factors such as aptitude, emotional and communicative motivation, and positive attitude. Moreover, individual personality, social differences, physiological functioning, and home environment can influence the LLS used by ESL learners. It was found that the preferred LLS includes cognitive, compensation, and affective strategies.

Chronic Pain Influences Lower Extremity Energetics During Landing Cutting in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability.

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients exhibit altered movement patterns during jump landing/cutting movements. Persistent pain is one of the residual symptoms that may affect movements. Calculating joint energetics affected by chronic pain offers a novel method to understand how chronic pain influences energetics of lower extremity joints in CAI patients. To identify the effects of chronic pain on lower extremity energy dissipation and generation during jump landing and cutting in CAI patients. Cross-sectional Study. Laboratory. Fifteen CAI patients with higher pain (6 males, 9 females; age=22.1±2.1year; height=1.74±0.09m; mass=71.3±10.6kg, pain=66.9±9.4), 15 CAI patients with lower pain (6 males, 9 females; age=22.3±2.1year; height=1.74±0.08m; mass=70.1±10.7kg, pain=89.3±2.6), and 15 healthy controls (6 males, 9 females; age=21.3±1.7year; height=1.73±0.08m; mass=70±10.3kg, pain=100±0). Ground reaction force data were collected during 5 trials of maximal jump landing/cutting tasks. Joint power was defined as the product of angular velocity and joint moment. Energy dissipation and generation by the ankle, knee, and hip joints were calculated by integrating regions of the joint power curve. CAI patients with higher pain displayed less ankle energy dissipation (p=.013 and p=.018) and generation in the ankle (p=.002 and p=.028) than CAI patients with lower pain and healthy controls during the jump landing/cutting phase. CAI patients with higher pain showed more hip energy generation than CAI patients with lower pain (P=.038) and healthy controls (P=.013) during the cutting phase. CAI patients with higher pain changed both energy dissipation and generation in the lower extremities, reducing the burden of the ankle joint during jump landing/cutting and having a hip dominant compensatory strategy during the cutting phase. Our results suggest that chronic pain could be one of the factors that affect motor strategies in the CAI population.

The alteration of serotonergic markers in the amygdala and raphe nuclei of oestrogen receptor β knock-out female mice.

The amygdala and raphe nuclei, which play crucial roles in mood regulation, are influenced by serotonergic neurotransmission. Alterations in this neurotransmission are associated with mood disorders. Therefore, using immunohistochemistry and quantitative methods this study was designed to evaluate potential alterations in the expression of serotoninergic markers in the amygdala and raphe nuclei of mice with oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) knock out which exhibit increased anxiety as evidenced by reduced locomotion and increased thigmotaxis. These alterations could either contribute to heightened anxiety or serve as a compensatory strategy for reducing it. The results show that in ERβ knock-out mice, 5-HT1B expression is significantly increased in the amygdala, while 5-HTT expression is significantly decreased in both the amygdala and raphe nuclei. Furthermore, ERβ deficiency does not affect TPH2. In conclusion, serotonin signalling is altered in the amygdala and raphe nuclei of ERβ knock-out females. It seems that an increase in 5-HTT levels has been associated with reduced anxiety, whereas a decrease in 5-HT1B receptors may encourage fear. However, further studies are required to determine the exact role of ERβ in anxiety-related behaviour.

Muscle Compensation Strategies to Maintain Glenohumeral Joint Stability in Rotator Cuff Tears: A Cadaveric Study.

Superior translation of the humeral head is often identified in large and massive rotator cuff (RC) tears. However, the ability of the remaining RC muscles to compensate for the forces causing such superior translation in RC tears remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of compensatory forces exerted by the remaining RC muscles on humeral head translation using a progressive RC tear model. Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders (mean donor age, 57 years) were tested using a custom shoulder testing system. In addition to an intact RC model, 3 RC tear models were created: a supraspinatus tear (Tear I); combined supraspinatus and infraspinatus tears (Tear II); and combined tears of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and superior one-third of the subscapularis (Tear III). Compensatory conditions were simulated by increasing the loading of the remaining RC muscles in each RC tear model. Humeral head translation was measured at different abduction and neutral rotation angles in each condition with normal and high deltoid muscle loading. Significant superior translation of the humeral head was observed in Tears II and III (but not Tear I), compared with the intact state, under high loading of the deltoid during abduction and during rotation. In Tear II, compensatory conditions involving increased loading of the teres minor and subscapularis muscles effectively reduced superior translation, so that no significant differences were observed compared with the intact state, even under high deltoid muscle loading. However, in Tear III, significant superior translation was still observed, regardless of the compensatory conditions. ompensation by the remaining RC muscles, particularly the teres minor and subscapularis, effectively reduced superior translation of the humeral head in the posterosuperior RC tear model, whereas this compensatory strategy was insufficient if tears also involved the superior one-third of the subscapularis. Patients with posterosuperior RC tears may find conservative treatment focusing on strengthening the remaining RC muscles, especially the subscapularis and teres minor, to be beneficial. Conversely, patients with repairable massive RC tears also involving the subscapularis tendon may benefit from surgical interventions aimed at primarily repairing the subscapularis tendon to restore the transverse force couple. Massive tears deemed not to be repairable should be evaluated for arthroplasty or other procedures.

Suppression of Structural Heterogeneity in High-Entropy Intermetallics for Electrocatalytic Upgrading of Waste Plastics.

The key to fully realizing the potential of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) lies in balancing their inherent local chemical disordering with the long-range ordering required for electrochemical applications. Herein, we synthesized a distinctive L10-(PtIr)(FeMoBi) high-entropy intermetallics (HEIs) exhibiting nanoscale long-range order and atomic scale short-range disorder via a lattice compensation strategy to mitigate the entropy reduction tendency. The (PtIr)(FeMoBi) catalyst exhibited remarkable activity and selectivity of glycollic acid (GA) production via electrocatalytic waste polymer-derived ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR). With a mass activity of 5.2 A mgPt-1 and a Faradic efficiency (FE) for GA of 95 %, it outperformed most previously reported electrocatalysts for selective GA production. The lattice-compensation effect promotes the homogeneity of Pt and Fe actives sites, facilitating co-adsorption of EG and OH and reducing the energy barriers for dehydrogenation and OH-combination processes. This approach effectively avoids the formation of low-active sites commonly encountered in HEA solid solutions, offering a promising avenue for exploring the complex interplay between catalytic activity and HEI structures.

Power management for the compensation of unbalanced grids using interphase power controller 240 and hybrid renewable energy sources

Ensuring an uninterrupted power supply is essential for industrial, commercial, and residential users. One effective method to achieve this is by implementing asymmetrical operation on transmission lines. This study introduces a power compensation strategy designed to maintain a continuous power supply, even during permanent single-phase faults on the transmission line. The proposed method leverages the compensating properties of the IPC 240 and the hybrid wind-photovoltaic technologies. The study focused on a 3 MW, 30 kV transmission line equipped with dual three-branch Interphase Power Controllers 240, which experienced a 33 % power loss due to a permanent single-phase fault. A hybrid wind-photovoltaic system, supplemented with battery storage, was modeled and sized to compensate for the power loss and integrated into the line. The power management strategy operates in two main modes. In mode 1, the line operates without faults. In mode 2, when a permanent single-phase fault occurred, the transmitted power dropped to 2 MW, necessitating the integration of the hybrid energy source to compensate for the reduced power. Weather fluctuations are factored in the management strategy, guaranteeing a stable power supply from the hybrid energy source. Simulations conducted using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrated the system's capability to maintain an uninterrupted power supply to the load. Even under permanent single-phase fault conditions and adverse weather, the system restored power to nearly 2.96 MW, achieving a 99 % compensation rate, which is the highest compared to previous studies.

Suppression of Structural Heterogeneity in High‐Entropy Intermetallics for Electrocatalytic Upgrading of Waste Plastics

The key to fully realizing the potential of high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) lies in balancing their inherent local chemical disordering with the long‐range ordering required for electrochemical applications. Herein, we synthesized a distinctive L10‐(PtIr)(FeMoBi) high‐entropy intermetallics (HEIs) exhibiting nanoscale long‐range order and atomic scale short‐range disorder via a lattice compensation strategy to mitigate the entropy reduction tendency. The (PtIr)(FeMoBi) catalyst exhibited remarkable activity and selectivity of glycollic acid (GA) production via electrocatalytic waste polymer‐derived ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR). With a mass activity of 5.2 A mgPt–1 and a Faradic efficiency (FE) for GA of 95 %, it outperformed most previously reported electrocatalysts for selective GA production. The lattice‐compensation effect promotes the homogeneity of Pt and Fe actives sites, facilitating co‐adsorption of EG and OH and reducing the energy barriers for dehydrogenation and OH‐combination processes. This approach effectively avoids the formation of low‐active sites commonly encountered in HEA solid solutions, offering a promising avenue for exploring the complex interplay between catalytic activity and HEI structures.