Resilience Strategies Research Articles

Analisa Strategis Kesiapan Operasional TNI Angkatan Laut dalam Menghadapi Dinamika Lingkungan Maritim

Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic nation globally, faces significant strategic challenges in its maritime domain. The Indonesian Navy's preparedness is paramount in safeguarding the nation's interests amid evolving geopolitical dynamics, resource competition, and maritime security threats such as piracy and terrorism. This paper examines the role and importance of the Operational Ready Force (ORF) within Indonesia's maritime defence strategy. By employing strategic analysis, the study evaluates the Navy's operational readiness, focusing on resource allocation, technological advancements, and international cooperation necessary to enhance the ORF's effectiveness. The research utilizes a comprehensive methodology, including literature review, official documents, and expert interviews, to provide an in-depth understanding of the Indonesian Navy's readiness to address dynamic maritime environments. The paper also explores the strategic implications of global, regional, and national maritime developments, emphasizing the necessity for an adaptive and resilient maritime strategy. The findings suggest that ORF is crucial in bolstering the Indonesian Navy's capabilities, enabling rapid and effective responses to maritime threats while protecting national sovereignty. The study concludes with recommendations for further development of ORF, ensuring Indonesia's continued maritime security and regional stability through integrated technology, strengthened international collaboration, and adaptive threat response strategies.

Abstract B165: Psychosocial support needs of racially diverse sexual and gender diverse cancer survivors: a systematic review and call for more intersectional research

Abstract Background: Due to discrimination and marginalization, sexual and gender diverse (SGD) cancer survivors in the U.S. experience inequities across the cancer care continuum, including in prevention, screening, treatment, and survivorship care, compared with their cisgender- heterosexual counterparts. Despite calls to reduce cancer inequities among SGD populations, disparities in access to psychosocial support remain persistent, especially for racially diverse SGD cancer survivors. SGD cancer survivors experience minority stressors, which have been linked to higher levels of social isolation, weaker social networks, and poorer mental health outcomes. Purpose: This scoping review critically evaluates the literature on psychosocial support among SGD cancer survivors and describes the cancer-specific psychosocial support needs and experiences of SGD people using an intersectional lens. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL®, Medline/PubMed®, PsycINFO, and SocINDEX. Research articles were retrieved from peer-reviewed, primary research studies and (1) published between 2013 and the present day, (2) available online in full text, and (3) written in English. Articles excluded were not related to the study’s purpose, non-peer-reviewed work such as editorial papers and dissertations, or other literature reviews. The databases and key search terms were identified in consultation with a medical librarian. Criteria for the review process followed PRISMA guidelines. The Covidence Systematic Review Tool was used for record screening, the full-text review was conducted manually, and qualitative analysis was employed to extract themes by one researcher. Results: Our literature search revealed 16 studies that met the review criteria. Of these, 6 were quantitative, 5 were qualitative, and 5 were mixed methods. Themes included (1) recognition and inclusion of unique social networks like chosen families by providers and oncology care systems, (2) barriers to psychosocial support such as identity (non)disclosure and negative assumptions from providers, (3) diverse sources of psychosocial support, comprising family, peers, community, providers, and institutions, (4) support needs may present differently depending on the cancer type, (5) the role of coping mechanisms and resilience strategies to navigate minority stressors, and (6) gaps in understanding the role of intersectionality in psychosocial support. Conclusion: Addressing the structural lack of psychosocial support for SGD people navigating cancer care in the U.S. is critical to reducing health disparities among the population. Future research should prioritize intersectionality and resilience frameworks to better understand the nuanced experiences of SGD cancer survivors and inform targeted interventions that promote holistic well-being and equitable access to care. Citation Format: John A. Fuller. Psychosocial support needs of racially diverse sexual and gender diverse cancer survivors: a systematic review and call for more intersectional research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B165.

Navigating planetary human entanglements through climate change-induced human mobility in Zimbabwe: An Afrocentric perspective from the global south

The central question of the 21st century revolves around increasing human entanglement. Humans are finding it increasingly difficult to survive in the changing environment caused by climate-induced disasters such as floods, droughts, storms, and heat waves. In Zimbabwe, this has led to the emergence of human mobility as an adaptation strategy, with individuals (indigenous and local) relocating to areas offering more favorable economic and environmental conditions. This study employed Afrocentric theoretical lenses to describe how both slow and sudden-onset climatic catastrophic events have affected the agro-economic livelihoods of the indigenous Ndau people, forcing them to seek better living conditions and safety. As an Afrocentric study, this research examines how historical and cultural factors influence the Ndau people’s mobility decisions. It employed the philosophical sagacity interview method and talking cycles to collect data from seven wards in Chimanimani, Zimbabwe. The findings reveal that the impacts of climate change – both gradual and abrupt – have increased in frequency, intensity, duration, and location. The Ndau people have suffered frequent cyclones, storms, and heavy rainfall, leading to landslides and floods. These conditions have driven both short-term and long-term climate-induced mobility. Individuals moved locally and regionally to find livelihood opportunities and their decisions were most influenced by historical and cultural ties through kinship. The study advocates for enhancing communities’ preparedness and adaptability to reduce vulnerabilities. It highlights the importance of strong governance, resilience strategies, environmental protections, economic diversification, and social support to mitigate disasters; prevent unwanted displacement; and manage emigration. Furthermore, European narratives often dominate discussions of African climate-related agro-migration, even though most of these migrants move within their own countries and regions. As a consequence, this study aims to amplify African narratives on human mobility and climate change adaptation.

A picit jeu: Agent-based modelling with serious gaming for a fire-resilient landscape

Wildfire governance requires addressing driving physical, biological and socio-economic processes, by promoting the development of fire-resistant and resilient landscapes. These landscapes can best be achieved by strategies that integrate fuel management for direct prevention with allied socio-economic activities, through the collaboration of stakeholders with different and sometimes conflicting interests. This work aims to address the need for new approaches supporting the participatory process of collective decision-making, helping stakeholders explore land management strategies for landscape fire resilience. We present and discuss a methodology combining agent-based modelling with a role-playing game. It was tested in a valley of the Italian Alps, involving 23 local stakeholders in forest and pasture management in three game sessions. Evaluation was based on observation of game sessions, collection of feedback via immediate post-session debriefing and questionnaires, and long-term (multi-year) assessment carried out through semi-structured interviews. We found the methodology valuable for facilitating discussion among different stakeholders, who were able to identify context-related challenges (land fragmentation and land abandonment, stakeholders' limited collaboration, controversial drives of European funding) and possible strategies for producing a fire-resilient landscape (community management forms of pastoralists activities for maintaining land cover diversity). The approach also triggered a positive process for longer-term change. By analysing the outcomes, we are able to identify four key recommendations for future work using serious gaming for sustainable landscapes: 1) aim for an even composition of session groups, 2) consider the multiple levels of organisation in the area, 3) use the allocation of game roles to disrupt power dynamics, and 4) seek to involve the broadest stakeholder spectrum in developing the game itself.

Evaluation of the influence of climatic changes on the degradation of the historic buildings

While climatic change has been a widely studied topic, its impact on cultural heritage degradation remains a gap to overcome. The environment can contribute to the degradation of historic buildings and materials decay, especially temperature and humidity. So, characterizing the micro-climates of a landmark zone and understanding the influence of the recovery layers, building disposition, and street characteristics on environmental parameters are the first steps to investigating resilience strategies for heritage conservation and micro-climates. Thus, this paper presents a new approach to assess the influence of climatic warming on historic building degradation, combining multiscale experimental data and numerical modeling. The environmental parameters of the historic center of Aracati downtown, such as concentration of CO2, relative humidity, temperature, and air condition, were characterized and used together with urban volumetry to discuss the influence of on the urban microclimate and relate the data to the physical degradation of cultural heritage. An uncrewed aerial vehicle was used to register the volumetry of the historic center, and the data was used to simulate the wind conditions. Following this, numerical analysis was used to investigate the rising damp and thermal tension distributions under temperature variation over the years (from 2023 to 2100). The methodology’s applicability was demonstrated in recurrence with the Nosso Senhor do Bonfim Church, one of the most representative heritage constructions from Aracati downtown. Finally, the new methodology contributed to understanding how urban volumetry contributes to the climatic conditions of a historic area and demonstrates that the increase of the temperature can significantly affect the rising damps and the development of stress tension.

Enhancing Urban Climate Resistance Through the Application of Selected Strategies and Technologies

Adapting cities for climate resilience is crucial as climate change increases the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. This study outlines a comprehensive set of resilience strategies aimed at enhancing urban resilience across four key domains: water, food, shelter, and energy. These strategies, applicable to both new and existing neighborhoods, range from simple, short-term measures to complex, long-term initiatives. A three-pronged evaluation framework, consisting of three platforms, is introduced to assess these strategies where criteria are initially selected based on their impact on strategy adoption and implementation. This framework employs hypothetical scores and weights that can be adjusted for specific urban contexts through detailed studies. Key outcomes of the evaluation conducted in the first platform include a systematic method to rank strategies based on six criteria: cost, infrastructure impact, scalability, regulatory and zoning challenges, community acceptance, and maintenance needs. For example, community gardens and rainwater harvesting systems are highly scalable and accepted, whereas green roofs require more investment and maintenance. The second and third platform of the framework facilitate the identification of strategies that enhance resilience across each of the resilience domains, as well as across several domains. The results highlight the top-performing strategies under different weighted scenarios. Strategies like green roofs strategy scores high in domains like water management, due to its capacity to absorb and manage stormwater, and energy, by providing natural insulation that reduces heating and cooling demands. Additionally, green roofs contribute to food production when utilized for urban agriculture and enhance shelter by improving building durability and increasing biodiversity This data-driven framework supports the strategic prioritization of resilience strategies, enhancing urban planning and investment decisions globally. Its modularity ensures adaptability to diverse urban settings and climatic issues.

Unraveling Complexity: Exploring Agricultural Systems as Complex Adaptive System with a Focus on the Konya Closed Basin

The study of complex adaptive systems (CAS) has garnered significant attention across interdisciplinary research, particularly within the realms of social and natural sciences. This paper delves into the multifaceted nature of CAS, exploring its definitions, components, and properties, drawing from various scholarly perspectives. It examines the agricultural sector as a prime example of a CAS, highlighting the interactions, adaptations, and emergent behaviors within farming communities. Using the Konya Closed Basin in Türkiye as a case study, the paper elucidates how agricultural landscapes exemplify the complexities inherent in CAS, underscoring the intricate interplay between human activities, environmental dynamics, and socio-economic factors. By recognizing these interactions, decision-makers can create more efficient and resilient strategies for managing water resources, enhancing crop production, and reducing the effects of climate variability. This comprehensive approach emphasizes the role of adaptation, self-organization, and emergent behaviors in promoting sustainable farming practices and maintaining ecological balance over the long term. Through this analysis, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of CAS and its implications for sustainable agricultural development and resource management.

Impact of resource reconfiguration on the dairy supply chain resilience

Investment in food supply chain resilience, as a critical infrastructure, has become necessary for all governments. Disruption of food supply chains can lead to significant economic challenges. Building a resilient supply chain requires resources; however, it is difficult for firms to allocate resources to various resilience strategies. This study allocates the budget to resilient capacity, that is, absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacity, to minimize supply chain costs and maximize service levels. We developed a novel multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming method for problem formulation. The developed model was converted into an equivalent linear model. We used the Monte Carlo approach to generate the scenarios and the average sample approximation to determine the required scenarios. Finally, the Lexicographic max-min approach solves the model using actual data from a dairy supply chain. The analysis revealed that allocating 50% of the budget to restorative capacity and the remaining to adaptive and absorptive capacity optimizes supply chain performance. This study provides insights for managers to make better decisions with a knowledge-based background, allocate resources to various resilient strategies, and build a more resilient and efficient supply chain.

Integrating the triple bottom line of sustainability, resilience strategies, and product perishability consideration to design a pharmaceutical supply chain network: A COVID-19 case study

This paper aims to design a resilient and sustainable pharmaceutical supply chain network under the perishability of medicine in which a multi-objective nonlinear mathematical model is formulated. To this end, four objective functions seek to minimize total cost, maximize the social indicators, minimize CO2 emission and minimize de-resilience measures. Moreover, the three main categories of resilience strategies are integrated to mitigate the severe impacts of disruption. In order to solve the model, lexicographic goal programming is applied for small-scale problems, and NSGA-II is utilized for large-scale problems. The applicability of the proposed model is demonstrated by implementing it in a real case study during the COVID-19 situation. Also, a set of sensitivity analyses is conducted to validate the model and show the behavior of the objective functions. The results reveal the superiority of the resilient model with integrated strategies. Eventually, the Pareto front solutions are provided to quantify the trade-offs in satisfying the conflicting objective functions.

Latent profile analysis of resilience and its influencing factors in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the classification characteristics of resilience in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy using latent profile analysis and explore the influencing factors and their relationship with medical coping strategies. MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted on 265 patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy at a tertiary Grade-A hospital in Guangzhou from November 2023 to March 2024, using the General Information Questionnaire, Resilience Scale Specific to Cancer (RS-SC), Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Symptom Cluster Assessment Questionnaire, and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). Latent profile analysis was performed using Mplus 8.3 to identify resilience classifications, estimate influencing factors, and evaluate their impact on medical coping strategy selection. ResultsA total of 259 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 97.74%. Patients were categorized into three groups based on resilience levels: low-resilience group (20.46%), mid-resilience group (40.52%), and high-resilience group (38.97%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that education level, family per capita monthly income, and gastrointestinal and emotional symptom cluster scores were significant influencing factors for different resilience classifications (P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in the scores for the confrontation and resignation dimensions of medical coping strategies across different latent profiles (P < 0.01). ConclusionsResilience in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy is heterogeneous, presenting in three distinct categories. Medical staff should provide tailored interventions based on the characteristics and influencing factors of each patient profile to enhance resilience and coping strategies.

Risk and vulnerability analysis of road network in landslide prone areas in Munnar region, India

Catastrophes like landslides have the potential to impair critical transportation infrastructure, particularly road networks. The hilly regions in the state of Kerala in India are particularly prone to hazards and changing climate conditions. During the monsoon season, landslides are common in the Western Ghats, and the intensity of adverse impacts is more severe due to its densely populated regions. The study area of this research is in Idukki district of Kerala, where over 60 % of the land is prone to landslides. The monsoon rains bring with them a slew of disastrous landslides in the region. Most of the roadways in the study area are often disrupted due to landslides. Landslide risk assessment (LRA) is a crucial component of research on adverse impacts of landslide. The use of Geographical information System (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) for susceptibility mapping and hazard risk assessment assists in the identification of disaster-prone areas. The data collected by field surveys were used to confirm the study results and the high-risk zones of the region were identified and the risk maps are prepared for the region as well as for the road network in the region. The risk of landslides may be described as the possibility of negative repercussions on road network thereby adversely impacting the inhabitants of the region. The landslide risk assessment of the road network in a hilly region is carried out which gives important insights for risk management and for future planning of resilient development in the region. This study enhances the knowledge for management of road network risk and vulnerabilities in intricate hilly region settings by developing a thorough vulnerability analysis framework. The research advances by giving transportation engineers a useful quantitative tool for identifying the risk and vulnerabilities of road network and directing design strategies and mitigation measures to lessen the possible negative effects of disruptive events like landslides on road infrastructure. The research findings could be an input for policy makers to plan for alternative resilient strategies for landslide risk management in road networks. The rational methodology adopted here could be replicated for carrying out risk and vulnerability assessment in other landslide prone areas.

Managing Currency Risk in Global Supply Chains: Resilience Strategies

Currency risk was a significant difficulty for firms involved in international commerce in the current global economy. The profitability and competitiveness of organisations with supply chains that span across borders were greatly affected by fluctuations in exchange rates. This introduction examined the intricacies of managing currency risk in global supply chains, investigating the most recent solutions used by organisations to strengthen their operations. Over the last 10 years, there has been an extraordinary increase in globalisation, characterised by more market integration and increased international trade. Nevertheless, globalisation brings with it not just benefits but also inherent concerns, with currency volatility being the most prominent among them. According to projections by Grand View Research, Inc., the global currency exchange market was expected to reach a value of $28.8 trillion by 2025. This highlights the significant currency risk that firms throughout the globe were facing. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic emphasised the need to effectively handle currency risk in worldwide supply networks. Amidst trade interruptions and shifting currency rates, economies faced increased uncertainty and volatility, which in turn affected enterprises. Research conducted by the Foreign Monetary Fund had shown that there was a significant increase of 59% in currency volatility during the early phase of the epidemic. This has worsened the difficulties faced by companies that heavily depend on foreign commerce. In light of this situation, companies were obligated to reevaluate their methods for managing currency risk to strengthen their ability to withstand challenges and reduce the possibility of financial losses. Conventional methods such as forward contracts and currency options, while somewhat successful, may not be enough to handle the intricacies of contemporary supply chains. As a result, organisations are using novel methods and technology to effectively manage currency risk. Recent developments in Financial Technology have created new opportunities for innovative currency risk management strategies. Blockchain technology had the potential to provide transparent and secure cross-border transactions, which helped decrease the risk of currency exposure. Moreover, the advent of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning algorithms enabled organisations to analyse extensive information and forecast currency fluctuations with enhanced precision. Collaborative alliances within supply chains provided a strategic opportunity to reduce currency risk. Companies may enhance risk mitigation and improve their ability to adapt to market dynamics by developing stronger connections with suppliers and consumers. This can be achieved via the exploration of collaborative hedging methods and the sharing of risk burdens. Nevertheless, effectively managing currency risk in international supply chains requires the ability to quickly adapt, come up with new ideas, and work together. This summary summarised important findings from the following conversation, emphasising the need for proactive risk management techniques in protecting against the uncertainties of the global economy. Keywords: Currency risk management, Global supply chains, Exchange rate volatility, International commerce, Financial technology (Fintech).

Improved event-based fault detection filter for networked fuzzy systems under DoS attacks

This paper investigates an improved event-based fault detection method for networked fuzzy systems under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In order to solve the bandwidth occupation problem of communication network, a resilient event-triggered transmission strategy is developed. Additionally, a fault detection filter is designed to estimate the time of fault occurrence by using the residual signal. Under this framework, a novel Lyapunov functional related to attack parameters is established to analyze the exponential convergence of the error signals, and the filter gains and event-triggered parameters are obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities. The designed functional reduces the conservatism of the stability criteria significantly in contrast with the previous discontinuous Lyapunov functionals. Finally, a simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Air rage from the sharp end: cabin crew perspectives on disruptive passenger behaviour in Europe and its impact on occupational safety and well-being

Disruptive passenger behaviour (DPB) incidents spiked during the COVID-19 pandemic period, compromising the safety of commercial flights on a daily basis. This qualitative semi-structured interview study examined the perceived triggering factors and motivations for DPB and the subsequent impact of DPB upon cabin crew well-being and safety. Twenty-four European cabin crew disclosed experiences, subjective observations of perpetrator traits, assessment of DPB development and information regarding their well-being and perceived safety. Thematic analysis revealed that the perceived frequency of DPB had increased, driven by an accumulation of pandemic-related factors – such as enforcing mask wearing amongst intoxicated passengers. DPB was found to decrease resilience and spur maladaptive coping strategies in crew. Suggested enhancements to current DPB mitigation consisted of stricter punishment for DPB as a deterrent, alcohol bans and higher quality training. These findings can inform decision-makers’ efforts to support cabin crew well-being and create safer cabin workplaces in the future.

Mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and coping on anticipatory grief in family caregivers of patients with cancer: a Bayesian structural equation model study

BackgroundAnticipatory grief is common among family caregivers of cancer patients and may be related to caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, cognitive appraisal, and coping strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of cognitive appraisal and coping strategies in the relationship between caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, and anticipatory grief among caregivers of cancer patients.MethodsThis study surveyed from January to September 2023 among 265 caregivers of lung and breast cancer patients in two public hospitals. They completed measures of caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, cognitive appraisal, coping, and anticipatory grief. AMOS software was used to model the data with Bayesian structural equation modeling.ResultsBayesian structural equation modeling results showed that caregiver burden had a direct effect on anticipatory grief. The chain mediating effects for cognitive appraisal tendency and coping tendency between caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, and anticipatory grief, respectively. Coping tendency acted as a mediator between psychological capital and anticipatory grief.ConclusionsThe relationships between caregiver burden, family resilience, and psychological capital with anticipatory grief are embedded in the mediating effects of cognitive appraisal and coping. Early identification and intervention for caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, cognitive appraisal, and coping methods may prevent anticipatory grief in caregivers of cancer patients.

Challenges of Salinity Intrusion and Drought Stress on Olive Tree Cultivation on Mljet Island.

Understanding genotype-specific responses to environmental stressors is vital for developing resilience strategies that ensure sustainable olive cultivation and productivity. In this work, cultivar 'Oblica' and several olive genotypes from the island of Mljet (Croatia) were exposed to short-term (21 days) salinity and drought treatments. In contrast to other olive genotypes, genotype M29 as well as cultivar 'Oblica' managed to maintain growth and chlorophyll a levels under salinity stress to the same level as the control. Drought, however, significantly reduced the growth parameters in all olive trees. Cultivar 'Oblica' accumulated the greatest amount of Na+ ions in the leaves compared to olive genotypes from the island of Mljet, demonstrating superior resistance by translocating Na+ to leaf vacuoles. The observed reduction in K+ content in the roots of olive trees under all treatments suggests a generalized stress response. On the other hand, effective Ca2+ uptake has been identified as a crucial energy-saving strategy that olive trees use to cope with brief periods of salinity and drought. The proline content and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) varied among the olive trees, highlighting the importance of antioxidative capacities and stress adaptation mechanisms. According to the obtained results, stress-resistant olive genotypes like 'Oblica' and M29 show potential for breeding resilient varieties.

Research on Investment and Coordination Strategies for Supply Chain Resilience under Supply Disruption Risk

Research on Investment and Coordination Strategies for Supply Chain Resilience under Supply Disruption Risk

SAÚDE MENTAL, ENFRENTAMENTO RESILIENTE E ESPERANÇA ENTRE RESIDENTES PAULISTANOS DURANTE O DISTANCIAMENTO SOCIAL DA COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has globally impacted mental health. This study, conducted in Sao Paulo, investigated levels of anxiety, depression, resilient coping, and hope during the pandemic. The objective was to analyze the pandemic's effects on the mental health of São Paulo's population and explore coping strategies and hope. Data were collected among 1,434 adults between July 8 and August 8, 2020, using an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic data and scales to measure anxiety (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Adult (PROMIS®) Short Form v1.0-Anxiety 4a), depression (PROMIS® Short Form v1.0-depression 4a), resilient coping (4-item Brief Resilient Coping Scale), and hope (12-item Herth Hope Index). The results showed that being young, female, having suicidal thoughts, and adhering to quarantine policies were associated with higher levels of anxiety. Higher scores in resilient coping (-0.24) and hope (-0.06) correlated with lower anxiety. The data also revealed that being young, female, having suicidal thoughts, and living with elderly individuals increased depression scores. Conversely, higher scores in resilient coping (-0.35) and hope (-0.14) were related to lower levels of depression. These findings indicate that the pandemic significantly affected mental health in São Paulo. Resilient coping strategies and hope demonstrated potential to alleviate psychological distress, highlighting the importance of effective public mental health policies to address future crises. Therefore, investing in programs that promote resilience and hope may be crucial for mitigating adverse psychological impacts in emergency health situations.

A Comprehensive Review of Tax Policy Changes and Tax Revenue in Kenya

Government revenue is crucial for fostering economic growth, especially in emerging economies where financial autonomy matters. Mobilising this revenue is key to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focused on productivity and inclusive growth. This study analyses Kenya's tax revenue trends from 2001 to 2021, particularly the impact of tax policy reforms on the tax-to-GDP ratio. The findings reveal a significant increase in Kenya's tax revenue from 182,418 million shillings in 2001 to 1,692,662 million shillings in 2021, reflecting the effectiveness of tax reforms. It notes a shift towards direct taxes, which increased both in absolute terms and as a portion of total revenue, indicating improved compliance and administrative efficiency. Key reforms, such as the Tax Modernization Programme and the digital iTax system, enhanced revenue collection by improving compliance and tax base widening. While indirect taxes have traditionally dominated, the gap with direct taxes has narrowed, leading to a more balanced revenue structure. The study also highlights challenges, including political disruptions in 2007 and the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, emphasising the need for resilient revenue strategies. Ultimately, the research concludes that continuous tax policy reform and improved administrative efficiency are essential for Kenya's fiscal sustainability and broader economic development goals.

Framework for resilience strategies in agricultural supply chain: assessment in the era of climate change

Climate change is significantly and enduringly impacting global agricultural supply chains (ASCs), underscoring the urgent need to enhance their climate resilience. This study aims to identify key strategies for building agricultural supply chain resilience (ASCRes) in the context of climate change and their interrelationships. Through a comprehensive literature review and expert consultations, a framework of 12 strategies was developed. Using survey data from 312 Chinese ASC companies, BP-DEMATEL-ISM and PLS-SEM methods were employed to conduct causal analysis and factor level evaluation. The results indicate that “diversification of agricultural products and supply chain (SC) networks,” “Agriculture 4.0 and digital transformation,” and “taking proactive climate action” are critical strategies to enhance ASCRes in the context of climate change. These findings can provide theoretical basis for farmers, ASC companies, and governments to cope with the impact of climate change, so as to build more robust ASC systems.