Poverty Reduction Strategy Research Articles

MANIFESTO, RHETORIC, AND ELECTION IN GHANA, 2008-2024

This study looks at the effectiveness of manifestos in the Ghanaian political climate. The policies of successive governments have failed in developing the country and its people because of partisanship, and manifesto-based politicking. Party manifestos are drafted with fancy words towards winning elections and discarded afterwards. This has a detrimental effect on the common person in the form of poor healthcare provision, social inclusion, poverty, unemployment, the emergence of schools of shame (schools without classroom buildings and having lessons under trees), development, etc. This study was carried out through a meticulous assessment of the manifestos of the two leading political parties in Ghana, the NDC and NPP, between 2008 and 2024. The parties make nearly similar promises to the electorate, and they include, inter alia, areas such as governance, infrastructure, poverty reduction strategies, security, economy, and education. Yet, instead of completing projects that are already in motion to meet the needs of the people, they start new projects only to cast them aside when power changes hands. Also, a questionnaire was administered to test how manifestos beguile citizens to consistently go to the polls to vote during elections. The study put forward that by adopting a national development policy outlook, the perils of the ever-perdurable manifesto-based politics, regarding underdevelopment and political insecurities, would be overcome towards socioeconomic continuity and human development. The paper uses qualitative structured interviews, secondary sources, and manifestos through the lenses of CDA and (political) rhetorics to study the role of manifestos in Ghanaian politics.

Inequalities in total fertility rate in Sierra Leone, 2008–2019

BackgroundTotal fertility rate measures the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her reproductive age (typically 15-49 years). Despite the national decline in Sierra Leone, significant disparities in total fertility rates persist across socioeconomic and geographic lines. This study investigated the inequalities in total fertility rate among women in Sierra Leone between 2008 and 2019.MethodsWe utilized data from the three rounds of the Sierra Leone Demographic Health Survey conducted in 2008, 2013, and 2019. The World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit was employed to calculate various inequality measures, including simple difference, ratio, population attributable risk, and population attributable fraction. The assessment focused on inequality across four stratifiers: economic status, level of education, place of residence, and sub-national province.ResultsThe total fertility rate declined in Sierra Leone throughout the period, dropping from 5.0 births per woman in 2008 to 4.3 births per woman in 2019. Economic disparity among women in the richest quintile compared with those in the poorest quintile increased from 3.0 births per woman in 2008 to 3.1 births per woman in 2019. The ratio between women in the richest quintile compared with those in the poorest quintile also increased from 1.9 in 2008 to 2.1 in 2019; the confidence interval suggest inequality, with women in the poorest quintile disproportionately affected. Inequality in education among women with secondary education or higher compared with those with no education decreased from 2.7 births per woman in 2008 to 1.9 births per woman in 2019. The ratio between women with secondary education or higher compared with those with no education decreased from 1.9 in 2008 to 1.6 in 2019, and the confidence interval suggest an inequality with women with no education disporportionately affected. Provincial inequality among women who resided in Western area compared with those in Eastern province decreased slightly from 2.3 births per woman in 2008 to 2.2 births per woman in 2019. The ratio between women who resided in Western province compared with those in Eastern province increased from 1.6 in 2008 to 1.7 in 2019 and indicate an inequality among women in the provinces.ConclusionThe results indicate substantial socioeconomic and geographical disparities in total fertility rate among women in Sierra Leone that require targeted policy interventions. The persistent and widening economic gap between women in the richest and poorest quintiles suggests that poverty reduction strategies and economic empowerment programs for low-income women need strengthening. While the decreasing educational inequality is encouraging, the continued disadvantage faced by women with no education indicates a need for enhanced educational access and adult literacy programs. The provincial disparities between Western and Eastern provinces point to a need for balanced provincial development policies and improved resource distribution, particularly in the Eastern province, where women face greater disadvantages. These implications collectively suggest that policymakers should adopt an integrated approach that combines economic empowerment, educational initiatives, and provincial development strategies to address these intersecting inequalities in TFR effectively.

Where Nature and Poverty Meet: Developing a Multidimensional Environment-Poverty Measure

Despite the intrinsic relationships between the natural environment, poverty and human wellbeing, measures of poverty do not adequately account for environmental dimensions of wellbeing. This paper furthers theoretical debates about environment-poverty relationships by developing environmental dimensions and indicators for integration into multidimensional poverty indices. We demonstrate that this integration is practically possible using public datasets that are part of regular data collection efforts. Using Brazil as a case study, we develop an environmentally-adjusted multidimensional poverty measure that combines data on proximity to natural land, floods, droughts and landslide risks with information on health, education and living standards. Our results show that the integration of environmental dimensions into a poverty measure can provide different estimates of the incidence and distribution of poverty in a country, shifting attention to new target areas for poverty reduction strategies. Our measure provides a complementary and broader understanding of poverty than traditional poverty indices and could be used to track changes over time. Our measure therefore provides a potentially useful avenue to assess progress towards achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals, while also accounting for environmental change.

Effectiveness of Poverty Reduction Programs on Psychological Development of Children and Adolescents at Risk of Poverty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Considering the potential detrimental impact of poverty on psychological development and the resulting harmful cycles, implementing poverty alleviation interventions is necessary for children and adolescents. Although several meta-analyses have demonstrated the effectiveness of monetary poverty reduction programs, there remains a significant gap in understanding how multidimensional poverty reduction strategies boost psychological development. This meta-analysis aims to address this gap by disclosing the impact of multifaceted anti-poverty interventions on the psychological development of children and adolescents. A comprehensive search was conducted through 12 electronic databases. This review identified nine studies, which included a variety of intervention elements such as educational support, skill training, and cognitive cultivation, and collectively involved 1434 participants. A random effect model by RevMan v5.4 software was adapted to carry out the meta-analysis. The findings reveal a significant effect of anti-poverty programs on promoting positive psychological development (e.g. resilience, grit, and self-esteem) and mitigating negative psychological outcomes (e.g. depression, anxiety and disengagement). Subgroup analyses showed that smaller groups (100 or fewer participants) led to greater improvements in positive psychological outcomes. Professional providers (e.g., psychologists, social workers) had a stronger impact on improving positive psychological outcomes, while non-professional providers (e.g., school teachers) were more effective at alleviating psychological difficulties.

Adult Learning and Investment Practices of Persons with Disability in Informal Microfinance Groups in Uganda

Microfinance can be an effective strategy for poverty reduction among Persons with Disability. However, lack of investment and livelihood knowledge and skills and consumption tendencies may undermine this strategy. A qualitative case study that explored the investment practices of Persons with Disability in informal microfinance groups was conducted in Uganda. Findings revealed that despite barriers to learning and investment, Persons with Disability who had positive attitudes borrowed from informal microfinance groups and invested profitably. They learned from a wide range of sources in their community. The study concludes that despite barriers, Persons with Disability borrow and invest and that attitudes, knowledge and skills, severity of impairment and location, influence their investment choices. To enhance investment, it is recommended that barriers to adult learning and investment be removed through sensitisation and training, monitoring compliance with accessibility standards and policy reforms.

A Systematic Review on Multidimensional Poverty Measurement

Multidimensional poverty measurement (MPI) offers a more comprehensive framework for understanding poverty, as it includes various non-income dimensions such as education, health, and living standards. Traditional poverty measures, typically based on income thresholds, fail to capture the full spectrum of deprivation experienced by the poor. This systematic review examines key MPI methodologies, focusing on the widely used Alkire-Foster method and the Human Development Index, and explores how they are applied in different regional contexts. The review evaluates both the strengths and limitations of these approaches, including challenges related to indicator selection, weighting, and data availability. Furthermore, it discusses the policy implications of adopting MPI in national and global anti-poverty strategies, highlighting how MPI can offer policymakers more precise insights into the multidimensional nature of poverty. By synthesizing findings from recent empirical studies, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on refining poverty measurement tools to better inform policy interventions and enhance poverty alleviation efforts globally. The review underscores the potential of MPI to address the shortcomings of unidimensional approaches and its importance in formulating more targeted, effective poverty reduction strategies.

Multidimensional child poverty and its determinants: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Poverty has been a subject of global discourse most especially in sub-Saharan Africa where little progress has been achieved. Most literature sources regard poverty mainly as a household threat rather than one to affectsthe children living within the household. Thus, through a multidimensional approach, this study analyses poverty, specifically in the context of its effect on children. In carrying out this study, the General Household Survey dataset for Nigeria (the mostpopulous country in sub-Saharan Africa) for 2018/2019 obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) was used. Descriptive statistics, the Multidimensional Poverty Measure, and the Tobit Regression Model were usedin this study. The results showed that there are more male children (52.17%) than females (47.83%), with most of the children falling within the middle-age group of households (45.51%). Less than half of the household heads were found to be literate, while the mean size of the household amounted to nine. This study found that the poverty dimension,mainly affecting the research sample of Nigerian children,was their deprivation in terms of sanitation, while the least significant dimension was their lack of food. Child poverty is prevalent among the three respective age groups of children, among rural dwellers (57.16%), and among residents in the northern divide of the country. The rural sector, the residents in the north-eastern region of the country, and the gender of the household head were found to be significant variablesinfluencing child poverty in Nigeria. As such, poverty reduction strategies directed towards the rural sector, the northern region, and the identified age groups of children should be of primary focus in tackling child poverty in Nigeria to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG1) -“End poverty in all its forms everywhere”.

Exploring the Impact of Corruption and Governance on Poverty in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh

The article examines the effect of corruption and governance on poverty, especially in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The paper brings to the foreground the roles that the World Bank and the United Nations have played in fashioning development policies in these countries. Nevertheless, those interventions demonstrate a very strong dependency on the existing local governance systems and the levels of corruption that hamper poverty reduction strategies. In terms of its methodology, the research utilises a qualitative secondary data analysis method whereby data collected from different journals, reports, and institutional documents are analysed. Thus, it allows for comparative analysis of the quality of governance as well as the impact of the latter on poverty in the three countries. The analysis shows that due to relatively stable governance in India, the poverty rate has decreased; however, Pakistan and Bangladesh may face higher negative changes due to the corruption and bad policy implementation. These vices in the so-called ‘‘third world’’ nations have soaked up funding that would have otherwise been used to develop the nation, compromised the needs of the needy, and slowed down poverty eradication. On this note, the study concludes that international interventions regarding governance should be sensitive to the local governance factors and corruption indices. A top-down approach is inefficient, and a bottom-up approach is necessary to fit each country’s needs to fight poverty and assist in sustainable development.

Effect of the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy on Employment

Ghana’s poverty reduction strategy was fully implemented after the Highly Indebted Poor Country’s ascension in 2005. Although the policy had no clearer framework, the aim was to improve people’s living standards and then to eliminate poverty. In this thesis, I investigate the impacts of the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy across 9 regions on employment. I use a panel dataset of the World Bank’s Survey based harmonized indicators data from 1992 to 2013. Using a difference-in-differences regression method, the effects on employment are estimated for each year. Positive effects were observed before and after the program and were significant.

Social security, digital literacy, and relative poverty in China

In the context of China's rapid economic development and digitalization, relative poverty persists as a pressing concern despite significant strides in poverty alleviation. While the role of social security in poverty reduction has been extensively studied, the potential moderating effect of digital literacy remains largely overlooked, particularly regarding individuals' ability to access and utilize social benefits effectively. To address this gap, we examine the interplay between social security, digital literacy, and relative poverty using data from the China Family Panel Studies 2020. Employing logistic regression models with interaction terms and addressing potential endogeneity, we find that social security coverage significantly reduces the likelihood of relative poverty. Crucially, digital literacy positively moderates this relationship, amplifying the poverty-reducing effect of social security for individuals with higher digital skills. This effect is particularly pronounced for low-income households and varies across regions. These findings highlight the need for integrated policy approaches that combine social protection with digital skill development to effectively combat relative poverty in the digital age, contributing to our understanding of poverty dynamics in digitalized societies and informing more targeted poverty reduction strategies.

An Assessment of Poverty Reduction Strategies Implemented by District Assemblies in Ghana: The Experience of Beneficiaries in Savelugu-Nanton

Poverty reduction remains a significant challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ghana, where district assemblies are tasked with implementing local interventions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of poverty reduction interventions by the Savelugu- Nanton Municipal Assembly (SNMA), focusing on infrastructure and non-infrastructure programmes. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered from 353 households and supplemented with insights from 32 opinion leaders and 4 key informants. Infrastructure interventions, including roads, dams, and electricity, were reported to have significantly improved livelihoods, with 60.1% of respondents citing enhanced economic opportunities. These findings align with literature emphasizing infrastructure’s critical role in poverty alleviation by facilitating access to markets and services (Adjei & Osei, 2021). Conversely, non- infrastructure interventions, particularly the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) programme, were less effective. While LEAP improved social inclusion, 80.2% of respondents indicated dissatisfaction with its impact on economic independence. This supports critiques of cash transfer programmes that advocate integrating them with vocational training and credit access for sustainable outcomes (Owusu, 2020). The study further underscores the importance of participatory governance. Limited beneficiary involvement in planning contributed to a misalignment between interventions and community needs. As Freire (1970) posits, active community participation enhances programme relevance and sustainability. Additionally, the financial sustainability of these programmes remains at risk due to SNMA’s reliance on external funding. Strengthening local resource mobilisation through taxes and levies is critical for long-term success (Ndlovu- Gatsheni, 2020). Overall, this study highlights the need for sustainable infrastructure investment, restructuring non-infrastructure interventions for long-term economic empowerment, and fostering participatory governance to ensure effective poverty reduction.

Medición de la pobreza multidimensional en México mediante un análisis bibliométrico y de ecuaciones estructurales

Objective. Multidimensional poverty in Mexico was measured through a bibliometric and structural equation analysis. Design/Methodology/Approach. We used the technique developed by the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL, in Spanish) in Mexico, based on information from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH, in Spanish). The Smart PLS software also used the partial least squares (PLS) technique. Regarding the bibliometric part, a descriptive analysis was performed using the Scopus database and VOSviewer as a processing tool. Results/Discussion. The results showed that basic housing services, access to food, quality, housing spaces, and income significantly impact multidimensional poverty. The PLS model showed adequate predictive superiority and goodness of fit. From the bibliometric point of view, there was clear interest on the part of the academic and scientific community in developing knowledge in this field. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the PLS model for measuring multidimensional poverty in Mexico is demonstrated, and several determinants are highlighted. Future studies are recommended to improve social policies and poverty reduction strategies. Originality/Value. The study provides a novel approach by using the PLS model to measure multidimensional poverty in Mexico. It applies a robust exploratory methodology that can be replicated in similar contexts and is supported by bibliometric contrast.

Unraveling the nexus: Exploring Malaysia's research trends in advancing UN SDG 1

This study examines Malaysia's poverty rate with respect to SDG poverty reduction targets, the specific policies and programmes implemented to address poverty within the SDGs' framework, and the challenges and obstacles faced by Malaysia in achieving SDG poverty reduction targets. Despite Malaysia's significant achievements in reducing the aggregate poverty rate from 8.9% in 1995 to 1.7% in 2012, the country still faces poverty pockets in rural areas, specific states or regions, ethnic groups, and urban areas. These figures underscore the importance of targeted spatial planning and policy implementation to eradicate poverty effectively. Utilising a bibliometric analysis of the SCOPUS database, this study identifies key indicators of poverty in Malaysia based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, Malaysia's alignment with SDG Poverty Reduction Targets comprises its poverty eradication programme, which has successfully reduced the incidence of poverty from 49.3% in 1970 to 8.7% in 1995 and then to 0.4% in 2016. Despite this overall reduction in poverty, the reality of relative poverty and the poverty gap is increasing, indicating the need for a more comprehensive approach to address poverty and inequality. The Malaysian government has prioritised the provision of employment opportunities, household income, infrastructure, and facilities. However, challenges remain in identifying the infrastructure and facilities capable of providing maximum services for all levels of society, particularly in rural areas. The bibliometric analysis highlights the expanding sphere of SDG poverty reduction research in Malaysia, which reflects the country's intricate socio-economic landscape, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing academic output and impressive citation metrics indicate a strong scholarly interest in addressing poverty through various approaches. However, the emerging nature of this field warrants further exploration of the socio-legal and political factors that impact poverty alleviation. By focusing on the local context and incorporating grey literature into research, discussions can be enhanced, enriching the applicability of poverty reduction strategies and contributing to global sustainable development discourses.

The Impact of Non-Agricultural Activities on Poverty Reduction in Rural Communities: A Case of Sumbawanga Rural District, Tanzania

Agriculture is central to Tanzania's rural economy, but its underperformance drives many households in Sumbawanga Rural District to seek non-farm activities to combat poverty. This study investigates the impact of such activities on poverty reduction. It identifies drivers pushing farmers towards non-agricultural work, like low farm earnings and land scarcity, and explores how these activities affect household income. Data from 195 farming households reveals non-farm activities contribute significantly to income, ranging from 43% to 50%. Despite Tanzania's decreasing poverty rate (25.7%) in 2020, around 26 million still live in extreme poverty. The study suggests promoting non-agricultural endeavours like carpentry and animal husbandry to diversify income sources and alleviate poverty. Overall, it highlights the importance of non-farm activities in rural prosperity and recommends their integration into poverty reduction strategies.

Does Gross Regional Domestic Product Fully Mediate Poverty Reduction? An Inter-District Analysis in Aceh Province

Over the last two decades, Aceh Province has been one of the provinces with a high poverty level that will reduce people's welfare. This study investigates the impact of fiscal level, human capital, and Zakat on poverty in Aceh Province, considering the mediating role of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Using panel data regression analysis and path analysis, this study examined data from 23 districts/cities in Aceh from 2010 to 2022. Four models were developed to explore the relationships between variables. The results showed that fiscal level positively affected poverty, whereas human capital and Zakat had negative effects. The fiscal level negatively influences GRDP, whereas human capital and Zakat positively impact it. GRDP demonstrated a significant negative effect on poverty. When all variables were considered together, fiscal level positively affected poverty, while human capital, Zakat, and GRDP showed negative effects. Mediation analysis revealed that GRDP partially mediated the relationship between fiscal level and poverty, with fiscal level negatively affecting GRDP but positively influencing poverty. GRDP also partially mediates the effects of fiscal level, human capital, and Zakat on poverty. These findings suggest that the Aceh Government should focus on effectively managing central government transfer funds and regional revenues to improve public welfare and reduce poverty. This study highlights the complex interplay between fiscal policies, human capital development, zakat distribution, and economic growth in addressing poverty in the Aceh Province. Further research and policy interventions should consider these relationships to develop more effective strategies for poverty reduction in this region.

Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved Modern Beehive Technology in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

This study attempted to identify adoption status, factors affecting the adoption decision and intensity, and identify major constraints of beekeepers for modern beehive adoption. Agriculture is a backbone of country economy. Beekeeping is one of an agricultural subsector which is a sustainable and low-investment strategy for poverty reduction. Both qualitative and quantitative data collected from a sample of 180 beekeepers which collected from three districts of West Hararghe zone and analyzed using STATA software. Heckman two-stage model was employed for the analyses. In study area less than half of the beekeepers were adopters of modern beehive technology. Heckman two-stage model of first-stage results revealed that households’ decision to adopt modern beehive were influenced by factors such as age of household head, education level, livestock owned (tlu) and number of extension contact. Furthermore, the second-stage results indicated that intensity of modern beehive adoption of households’ was influenced by factors such as distance from FTC, access to accessory, livestock owned (tlu), access to training and number of extension contact. From policy perspective improving distribution of modern beehive with full package; encourage extension service, and focus on the deliverance of training are crucial for the adoption of beekeeping technologies and increasing honey production.

Household food insecurity among persons with disabilities in Canada: Findings from the 2021 Canadian Income Survey.

Income-related food insecurity is an important determinant of health. Persons with disabilities are at a higher risk of experiencing household food insecurity (HFI) than those without disabilities. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of HFI for persons with different types, numbers, and severity of disabilities, and to examine sociodemographic correlates of HFI among this group. Data from the 2021 Canadian Income Survey (CIS) were used. Disability status was assessed using the short version of the Disability Screening Questions module for one randomly selected household respondent. The Household Food Security Survey Module measured HFI as marginal, moderate, or severe. Weighted descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted to estimate the prevalence of HFI and analyze the association between various socioeconomic factors and HFI among the study sample. Among CIS participants with disabilities (30% of the total CIS sample: 31 million persons), 26% reported some level of HFI, including 8% with severe HFI. The prevalence of HFI was 13% among those without disabilities. The prevalence of HFI was highest among those with learning, memory, cognition, and seeing disabilities (each at 36%). Levels of HFI were higher for those with more severe disabilities and with a greater number of disabilities. For persons with disabilities, the odds of HFI were two times higher, compared with persons without disabilities (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2, 2.7]), after adjustment for a range of sociodemographic covariates. Persons with disabilities who were in the lowest income quintile (AOR: 4.0 [95% CI: 3.2, 4.9]) and aged 45 to 54 (AOR: 2.9 [95% CI: 2.1, 4.1]) had the highest odds of HFI, compared with other persons with disabilities living in wealthier households and those aged 65 and older, respectively. Other risk factors included being in a one-parent household, living in the Prairies, and living in a dwelling not owned by the household. HFI prevalence among CIS participants with disabilities was higher than for persons without disabilities, even after adjustment for well-documented sociodemographic risk factors. Consistent monitoring of HFI among persons with disabilities can help inform any ongoing or newly developed poverty reduction strategies for this population.

Multidimensional Poverty Status in Rural Bangladesh and the Pathways of Sustainable Poverty Alleviation

Even though poverty is a social and economic phenomenon, it is nonetheless important to investigate the multidimensional character of poverty in the Global South. Hence, this study is an effort to determine the multidimensional poverty status in rural Bangladesh, decompose poverty, and investigate risk factors for poverty. To achieve the goal, primary data were collected from 350 rural farm households through the random sampling technique. The Alkire-Foster (A-F) method of multidimensional poverty estimation was applied considering four dimensions of deprivation. It was found that 11% of rural households were multidimensionally poor, whereas the multidimensional headcount of poor was 23% and their average intensity of poverty was 47%. When their poverty was decomposed, it was evidenced that the standard of living dimension has the highest contribution among the four dimensions to poverty. The result from ‘indicator-wise decomposition’ found that job seeking was the highest contributing indicator to poverty followed by school dropout and type of cooking fuel. A binomial logit regression model was used to explore the risk factors of poverty. Regression results revealed that larger household size has significantly increased the risk while, more income-earning persons, ownership of large livestock, and crop farming could significantly reduce the risk of poverty in rural farm households. The study findings could be used to implement a sustainable poverty reduction strategy. Also, the contextual factors need to be considered in poverty estimation and policy intervention should be implemented in such a way where the contribution of the dimensions and indicators of poverty get prime focus.

Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: A Decadal Examination of Political Economic Forces and Implications for Future Initiatives, Spotlighting Microfinance Banks

This research investigates the impact of political-economic dynamics on the effectiveness of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) in Nigeria from 2004 to 2014, with a specific emphasis on the role played by Microfinance Banks (MFBs). Employing a phenomenological approach within the social constructionist tradition, the study utilizes both individual and focus group interviews, complemented by the analysis of official documents from Nigerian Federal Ministries and the Central Bank. The case selection centers on microcredit, an important component of the IMF country report for the specified period. The findings reveal that while the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) exhibits positive macroeconomic indicators, its alignment with the empowerment framework is nuanced. The study highlights the challenges faced by microcredit users, emphasizing the high interest rates, lack of government support, and inadequacies in the regulatory framework. Microfinance policy, as outlined by the Central Bank of Nigeria, is critiqued for its failure to provide safety nets and welfare benefits for microcredit users, exacerbating their economic vulnerabilities. This research contributes a comprehensive understanding of the socio-economic impact of PRSPs in Nigeria, shedding light on the complex interplay between macroeconomic policies and micro-level dynamics. The policy recommendations provided aim to address these challenges, advocating for regulatory enhancements, targeted interventions, and inclusive economic growth to foster a more effective and equitable poverty reduction strategy.

The Challenges of President Muhammadu Buhari's (PMB) Cash Nigeria Transfers as Poverty Reduction Strategy in Nigeria

The Challenges of President Muhammadu Buhari's (PMB) Cash Nigeria Transfers as Poverty Reduction Strategy in Nigeria