Health Promotion Strategies Research Articles

SPLASH Into Fitness: A Swimming-Based Pilot Intervention to Promote Healthful Identities and Behaviors Among Preadolescent Girls.

Girls' physical activity and healthful eating behaviors decline throughout adolescence. These trajectories may be linked to the underdevelopment of exercise and healthful eater identities. Youth programs might consider prioritizing identity development as an innovative health promotion strategy, especially during the formative preadolescent life stage. This study examines healthful identities and behaviors among a sample of preadolescent girls who participated in SPLASH, a multicomponent youth program consisting of identity development ("I am an exerciser"; "I am a healthy eater"), physical activity, and healthful eating. SPLASH was piloted in a community-based recreational facility in the Midwest United States. Participants had differing levels of program access: all girls (N=32, age=10.6±0.8) attended a 1-week summer day camp, and a subset (n=16) received supplementary access to a 10-week eHealth program. Using a feasibility framework, we examined SPLASH's (1) preliminary efficacy, (2) implementation, and (3) acceptability. Girls' exercise identities and behaviors improved following camp participation. At follow-up, those in the camp-plus-eHealth group reported greater improvements in physical activity enjoyment relative to girls in the camp-only group. SPLASH is a promising identity-focused health promotion program for preadolescent girls. Community support and family engagement facilitated this pilot study. Programmatic impact should be assessed in additional communities.

Association between body esteem and sugar-sweetened beverage intake among Chinese undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHigh intake of sugar-sweetened beverages has been linked to a range of physical, psychological, and emotional issues. Although there were various factors influencing sugar-sweetened beverage intake, the relationship between body esteem and sugar-sweetened beverage intake remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between three dimensions of body esteem (body esteem-appearance, body esteem-attribution, and body esteem-weight) and the likelihood of high sugar-sweetened beverage intake.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students at Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between the three dimensions of body esteem and the risk of high sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Additionally, restricted cubic splines and subgroup analyses were implemented to further explore the associations.ResultsA total of 969 participants were included in the study, with 771 females (79.6%). The mean age of the participants was 20.07 years (standard deviation [SD] = 1.65). After adjusting for covariates, body esteem-appearance was found to be negatively associated with high sugar-sweetened beverage intake (OR = 0.962, 95% CI = 0.935–0.989, p = 0.007), while body esteem-attribution was positively associated with high sugar-sweetened beverage intake (OR = 1.091, 95% CI = 1.046–1.139, p < 0.001). However, no significant association was found between body esteem-weight and high sugar-sweetened beverage intake (p = 0.781). Restricted cubic spline plots showed no non-linear associations between any dimensions of body esteem and the risk of high sugar-sweetened beverage intake (p-nonlinear was 0.912, 0.225, 0.109, respectively). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant interactions.ConclusionThese findings underscored the significance of targeted health promotion strategies and provided references for educational institutions or governmental bodies to steer undergraduate beverage consumption toward healthier patterns.

Applying intervention mapping to develop a program for promoting short physical activity breaks during class time in upper secondary schools: the MOVE12 protocol study

IntroductionPhysical inactivity is a global health challenge, exacerbated by increased screen time and sedentary behaviors. Enhancing physical activity levels at schools offers a promising approach to promote lifelong healthy habits.MethodsThis protocol paper outlines the MOVE12 pilot study, a 12-week intervention study designed to increase physical activity among Norwegian upper secondary school students through 6–7-min daily MOVE-breaks integrated into lessons. Developed using the six-phase Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol, grounded in the social-ecological model and self-determination theory, the intervention focuses on fostering motivation and creating a supportive environment. Key steps include needs assessment, performance objectives, theoretical methods, and program structuring for sustainability.ResultsLinear mixed models, t-tests, and regression analyses will evaluate quantitative outcomes, while qualitative focus groups will explore engagement and behavior change.DiscussionMOVE12 provides insights into scalable school-based interventions addressing physical inactivity, highlighting the potential of the IM framework to establish sustainable health promotion strategies.

Smoking Status in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis in Northern Greece

Background and Objectives: Smoking has adverse effects on both maternal and fetal health and its incidence varies among different countries. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy and to identify factors associated with smoking. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, during an 11-year period (2013–2023). All women receiving antenatal care in our unit were eligible to participate when they attended the prenatal unit for the first trimester nuchal translucency scan (11+0–13+6 weeks). Results: Of the 12,074 pregnant women included in the study, 5005 (41.5%) reported themselves as smokers before pregnancy; the smoking cessation rate due to pregnancy was 70.2% (3516/5005) and the prevalence of smoking in pregnancy was 12.3% (1489/12,074). Multiparity was associated with less odds of smoking before pregnancy (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.73–0.85), whereas advanced maternal age (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07–1.27) and obesity (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.29–1.6) were associated with higher odds of smoking before pregnancy. Smoking prevalence in pregnancy was lower in women that conceived via assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.38–0.70) and higher in cases of multiparity (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.008–1.26) and maternal obesity (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.20–2.00). Conception via ARTs was associated with higher odds of smoking cessation (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.38–2.69), whereas multiparous (OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.62–0.8) and obese women (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61–0.85) were less likely to quit smoking. Conclusions: Pregnancy is a strong motivator for women to quit smoking, especially in primiparous women and those undergoing ARTs. Our findings highlight the need for more consistent smoking prevention and health promotion strategies in Greece as a very high proportion of women smoke before pregnancy and a substantial proportion continue in pregnancy.

Health literacy status and associated factors among residents in Anhui Province, China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHealth literacy (HL) is a critical determinant of health outcomes. Improving HL stands as one of the most essential, cost-effective, and efficacious strategies for enhancing the overall health of the population. This study aims to analyze the status of HL among urban and rural residents in Anhui Province, explore the associated factors, and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of targeted health education and promotion strategies.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 16,080 non-collective residents in Anhui Province from July to September 2022. Participants were selected using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. HL was measured using the Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with adequate HL.ResultsOverall, 29.60% of residents in Anhui Province had adequate HL. The proportion of adequate HL in the different cities ranged from 22.42 to 38.73%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the proportion of individuals with adequate HL was higher for males than for females (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.200; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.086–1.326); married was higher than unmarried (aOR = 1.195, 95% CI: 1.021–1.398). Compared with illiterate/less literate, the aOR values for primary school, junior high school, senior high school, and college or above were 1.690 (1.326–2.155), 3.467 (2.760–4.356), 7.033 (5.516–8.968), and 17.895 (13.948–22.959), respectively; compared with the age group of 65–69 years, the aOR values for the age groups 15–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54 and 55–64 years were 2.384 (1.774–3.202), 2.598 (2.049–3.294), 2.862 (2.267–3.615), 2.135 (1.697–2.685), and 1.468 (1.157–1.863), respectively; compared with farmers, the aOR values were 1.244 (95% CI, 1.081–1.432) for technical/professional, 1.121 (95% CI, 1.003–1.254) for commercial/service, and 1.329 (95% CI, 1.163–1.518) for other occupations.ConclusionResidents of Anhui Province exhibit relatively low levels of HL, with notable disparities observed among different education levels, age groups, genders, and marital statuses. It is essential for health policymakers and public health practitioners to develop targeted health education and promotion strategies tailored to distinct subpopulations of residents.

An Affective-Sexual Education Program for People With Moderate Intellectual Disabilities: Analysis of Its Effectiveness in the Spanish Context.

Affective-sexual education is essential for all people, regardless of their intellectual capacity. However, people with intellectual disabilities, and especially those with conceptual, social, and practical limitations, may face additional challenges. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the Saludiversex-M affective-sexual education program for people with moderate intellectual disabilities using a controlled trial design. A total of 99 Spanish participants with moderate intellectual disabilities completed a battery of instruments before and after the intervention. Overall, 30 support staff professionals hetero-evaluated participants before and after the program. Multilevel analyses showed that knowledge about sexuality significantly increased among those who received the intervention compared to those who did not. Support staff observed an increase in knowledge about sexuality and reported decreased concern about uninhibited behaviors among those who participated in the program. The Saludiversex-M program is effective in improving knowledge about sexuality, which is essential for promoting behavioral change. The program is a pioneering and effective educational strategy for sexual health promotion for people with moderate intellectual disabilities and empowers support staff working with these populations.

Critical Insights Into Public Health Interventions: Partnership, Cultural and Racial Tensions, and Vaccine Hesitancy Within Somali Communities in the Upper Midwest, USA, and Western Norway.

As the COVID-19 pandemic recedes, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for reducing transmission and severity, but vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge. The study explored community actions and initiatives addressing vaccine hesitancy among Somali immigrant communities in cities in the Upper Midwest, USA, and Western Norway, focusing on trust factors and comparing members of the Somali diaspora in two distinct social and cultural contexts. Qualitative collective case studies were conducted, involving 14 semi-structured interviews with key informants from the Upper Midwest and Western Norway knowledgeable about initiatives designed to address SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy. Data were coded in NVivo 12 and analyzed thematically, guided by the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning and the Socioecological Model to identify basic and organizational themes. The findings illustrate critical sociopolitical influences on vaccine hesitancy, like racial tensions following George Floyd's murder in Minneapolis and mistrust toward the government in Norway. Effective strategies in the Upper Midwest included maintaining long-term community relationships and culturally tailored outreach and communication to reduce hesitancy. Conversely, Western Norway's less community-centric approach, focusing on translation services without deeper engagement, faced challenges in trust-building. The study highlights the essential role of culturally affirming and community-centric approaches in addressing health challenges in immigrant communities. Trust, fostered through community involvement and understanding sociopolitical contexts, is pivotal in addressing vaccine hesitancy. This research offers insights into designing and implementing effective health promotion strategies tailored to immigrant populations' unique needs. It emphasizes the necessity of integrating socioecological perspectives and community-specific interventions in health promotion practice and policy.

Health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and their associated factors among pregnant women in Debre Markos, northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionPromoting healthy lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy is a crucial health promotion strategy that could reduce pregnancy-related complications that may harm women and their fetuses. However, very few studies have assessed the prevalence of health-promoting lifestyle behaviors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate the extent and associated factors of health-promoting lifestyle behaviors among pregnant women in public health institutions in Debre Markos, northwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 275 pregnant women who were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique from 19 April to 19 May 2021. A face-to-face interview-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the outcome variable. adjusted odds ratio (AOR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to measure the strength of the associations at a p-value <0.05.ResultsThe average mean score for health-promoting lifestyle behaviors was 2.68 (±0.38). Factors such as rural residency (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.10–0.82), family size (≥5) (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.08–0.79), being the decision-maker for economic expenses (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.14–0.84), and average monthly income (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.04–0.59) were found to be significantly associated with health-promoting lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy.ConclusionApproximately two-thirds of participants demonstrated better (healthier) health-promoting lifestyle behaviors during their pregnancy. To reduce unhealthy lifestyle-related maternal morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia, it is important to encourage health-promoting activities through health education and antenatal care follow-up with an emphasis on women who reside in rural areas, and who have a high family size, low income level, and have husbands who are the primary decision-makers for their economic expenses.

Evidence-Based Care Practices for Children Exposed to a Diabetes-Complicated Pregnancy

This study investigated the frequency with which nurse practitioners (NPs) incorporate evidence-based primary care practices for children exposed to diabetes-complicated pregnancies (DCPs). Using a cross-sectional design, a sample of 21 NPs participated in a web-based survey. Findings indicate considerable variability in NP care practices, suggesting that primary care NPs inconsistently implement evidence-based health promotion and care management strategies with these children. Continuing education tailored to the specific care needs of children exposed to hyperglycemia in utero could bridge current practice gaps. Further research is needed to explore this issue in a larger, more geographically diverse sample to enhance care consistency.

Longitudinal Associations Between Movement Behaviours and Development Among Infants Using Compositional Data Analysis.

The study examined the longitudinal associations of sleep time, restrained time, back time and tummy time with development in a sample of infants using compositional data analysis. Participants were a subsample of 93 parent-infant dyads from the Early Movers project in Edmonton, Canada. Parents completed a 3-day time-use diary at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. Time spent in four mutually exclusive movement behaviours were calculated representing sleep (i.e., sleep time), sedentary behaviour (i.e., restrained time and back time) and physical activity (i.e., tummy time). Communication, fine motor, gross motor, personal-social, problem solving and total development were measured at 2, 4 and 6 months of age with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). Gross motor development was also measured by a physiotherapist using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at 6 months. The age six major gross motor milestones (i.e., independent sitting, crawling, assisted standing, assisted walking, independent standing, independent walking) were achieved according to World Health Organization criteria, in the first 18 months of life, were calculated. The composition of movement behaviours across time points was significantly associated with: ASQ-3 gross motor, problem solving and total development scores over time, total and percentile AIMS scores at 6 months and independent standing and walking milestones (ilr model p-value: < 0.001-0.045; model R2: 0.02-0.15). More sleep time or tummy time relative to other movement behaviours was associated with more advanced development and earlier achievement of some milestones. The opposite was observed for back time. Associations with restrained time were mixed. The optimal movement behaviour durations (minutes/day) for AIMS and WHO milestone outcomes, were 38-43 of tummy time, 51-54 of back time, 43-96 of restrained time and 845-900 of sleep time. Targeting healthy movement behaviour patterns in infants may be a promising health promotion strategy.

Relationship between Sleep Quality and Physical Activity: A Crossectional Study in the Elderly Community of Sanden Health Center, Yogyakarta

The impact of successful development is the increase in Life Expectancy (UHH) and the elderly population. Aging is characterized by changes in anatomical structure, physiology, and changes in sleep quality. Decreased sleep quality is a frequent problem and can be the cause of cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's which affect the quality of life of the elderly. Sleep quality in the elderly is influenced by various factors, including physical health, psychological state, and socioeconomic status. Understanding these factors is crucial to improving the overall well-being of the elderly. This study aimed to identify factors associated with sleep quality in the elderly in Yogyakarta. The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sanden Health Center, Bantul Yogyakarta. From 269 total population, a sample of 120 elderly was obtained using purposive sampling. Socio-demographic data of the elderly were obtained from questions and answers with respondents, sleep quality, and physical activity, using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and the Physical Activities Scale For Elderly (PASE) questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of data were carried out to determine the BMI of the elderly who were divided into thin, normal, and obese. Data analysis with Chi-Square using SPSS version 24.0. Results: 57 elderly (47.5%) had poor sleep quality and there was a significant relationship between physical activity and sleep quality (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The low sleep quality of the elderly requires the development of community-based health promotion strategies where a supportive environment plays an important role in helping the elderly maintain physical activity levels. Cross-sectoral collaboration is needed; for the government, professionals, academia, media, and private sector to take joint action, to improve the health status of the elderly in the communities where they live.

Determinants of Tuberculosis Disease in the Coastal Area of Kulisusu Sub District, Indonesia

Background:Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant public health issue in the coastal area of Kulisusu Sub-District, North Buton Regency, Indonesia. The prevalence of TB in this region has been increasing steadily, with 294 reported cases in 2023, compared to 281 cases in 2022. As an infectious disease, tuberculosis requires effective control strategies, which necessitate identifying its key determinants. Objective:This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with tuberculosis in Kulisusu Sub-District, North Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Methods:This quantitative research employed a case-control study design. The study population consisted of 172 individuals, with a sample of 25 cases and 25 controls, selected through proportional random sampling and age matching. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analysis, with statistical significance tested using the Odds Ratio (OR). Results:The Odds Ratio (OR) analysis revealed the following risk factors for tuberculosis: knowledge (OR = 11.156), income (OR = 4.333), smoking habits (OR = 8.500), and residential density (OR = 5.630). These findings indicate that poor knowledge, low income, smoking habits, and high residential density are significant risk factors for tuberculosis in the Kulisusu Sub-District. Conclusion:The key determinants of tuberculosis in Kulisusu Sub-District include knowledge, income, smoking habits, and residential density. Health promotion strategies aimed at reducing TB prevalence should focus on these factors, with comprehensive and sustainable approaches to prevention. Keywords:knowledge; income; smoking habits; residential density; tuberculosis; Indonesia

Health promotion model in the utilization of health services for Indonesian social security agency for health participants

Health promotion models are essential for enhancing community health and facilitating access to quality health services. Understanding the effects of these models on the utilization of health services among participants of the Indonesian Social Security Agency for Health (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan/BPJS) provides valuable insights for developing effective health promotion strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of health promotion on the utilization of health services among BPJS health participants, focusing on the mediating roles of perception, self-efficacy, expected results, and social support, using structural equation modeling (SEM). A descriptive, quantitative research design was employed, involving 160 BPJS health participants at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto, Indonesia. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, with participants selected through purposive sampling. SEM analysis, performed using AMOS software, was utilized to examine the relationships among health promotion, perception, self-efficacy, social support, expected outcomes, and health service utilization behavior. The SEM analysis revealed that health promotion significantly influenced health service utilization behavior directly (critical ratio (CR)=2.741; p=0.011). Furthermore, health promotion had a significant effect on perception through self-efficacy (CR=2.500; p=0.012). Perception also significantly influenced behavior through self-efficacy (CR=3.789, p&lt;0.001), while its indirect effect on behavior through outcome expectations was not significant (CR=0.908; p=0.958). Social support directly affected behavior (CR=2.267; p=0.023) and exerted both direct and indirect effects on behavior through self-efficacy (CR=3.789; p&lt;0.001) and outcome expectations via self-efficacy (CR=6.267; p&lt;0.001). However, self-efficacy did not significantly influence the behavior of utilizing BPJS health services through outcome expectations (CR=0.237; p=0.185). The findings indicate that health promotion significantly enhances the utilization of health services among BPJS health participants by improving perceptions and self-efficacy. Social support emerges as a critical factor in influencing health service utilization behavior and shaping outcome expectations through perception. In conclusion, future health promotion strategies should prioritize strengthening perceptions, enhancing self-efficacy, and leveraging social support to improve health service outcomes effectively.

The importance of using interdental cleaning devices on prevention of tooth loss in an employee population: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundTooth loss can lead to an increased risk of physical disease and a reduced quality of life. The current study investigated the association of the use of interdental cleaning devices with oral health outcomes such as tooth loss among employees as a healthier population.MethodTooth loss was determined as the main outcome in 2017 in a company employee population (n = 845, average age = 47.76 years old, and 25.09% of female). Using the data of dental health examinations in the past 5-years from 2017, the years of use of interdental brushes (IDB) and dental floss (DF) were examined. The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) as of 5-years ago was also examined. The impact of years of use of IDB and DF on tooth loss was analyzed by a logistic regression model in stratifying the subjects into two groups by the maximum CPI (0–2 of CPI [< 4 mm] and 3–4 of CPI [≥ 4 mm]) in all periodontium.ResultsIn the group of maximum CPI < 3, a multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of the use of DF for 4–5 years on tooth loss was 0.42 versus for 0–1 year (reference). In the group of maximum CPI ≥ 3, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of the use of IDB for 4–5 years was 0.38 versus for 0–1 year (reference).ConclusionA longer-term use of interdental cleaning devices could improve oral health outcomes in this population, while the impact could differ depending on the basis of periodontal status. These findings would be useful for making strategies for oral health promotion in healthier people as employees.

A Critical Review on Advancing Preventive Health Research in Ayurveda: Strategic Approaches and Imperatives

Preventive health research in Ayurveda offers valuable strategies for disease prevention and health promotion, particularly in the context of modern health challenges such as non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and pandemics like COVID-19. This review critically examines strategic approaches for advancing preventive health research within Ayurveda, emphasizing the need for evidence-based validation, integration with modern scientific methodologies, and global collaboration. Key practices, including Rasayana therapy, Dinacharya, and Ritucharya, demonstrate significant potential in enhancing immunity, promoting longevity, and mitigating lifestyle-related ailments. However, challenges such as limited clinical evidence, standardization issues, and underutilization of advanced research tools hinder progress. Addressing these challenges through rigorous clinical trials, interdisciplinary research, and policy advocacy can ensure Ayurveda’s relevance in contemporary healthcare systems. The integration of traditional Ayurvedic knowledge with modern scientific approaches will enhance the global applicability of Ayurveda in preventive health.

What is the Current Knowledge and Experience on Preventive Pathway for Healthy Ageing in Italy? A Scoping Review.

Worldwide population is ageing rapidly. Lifestyle factors are essential targets for leading to behaviour change interventions that promote healthy aging. We performed a scoping review aimed to underline the current knowledge and experience on preventive interventions for healthy and active ageing in Italy. Secondly, it intended to study the manner in which this country will pursue the topic in this research area. The search was conducted on different databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus on July 25th, 2023, and search results were filtered to include only articles published from 2003. A total of 951 potentially relevant records were retrieved. After duplicates removal, 810 unique records were screened. Finally, four studies fulfilling established criteria were included. All the studies were conducted in the northern and central regions of Italy. The investigated populations were older adults, and all four studies were focused mainly on primary prevention and health promotion strategies based on self-efficacy and motivation of the participants, including physical activity, diet and cognitive training. In addition, two studies used mobile health technologies to deliver the preventive intervention for healthy ageing. Our scoping review underlines the limited knowledge and experience of preventive healthy aging interventions in the national setting. The new preventive pathway that promotes healthy ageing healthily should be based on tailored lifestyle interventions, managed by multidisciplinary teams with the use of digital tools, in order to improve older people's safety. The characteristics of the settings are still not clear.

Parental Responsibility and Health Lifestyle Behaviors among Young Mothers Who are Breast Cancer Survivors in China: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

This study aims to identify the role of parental responsibility as a central driver of health lifestyle behaviors among young mothers who are breast cancer survivors in China. The study also explores the mediating role of attitude and intention and the moderating effect of organizational culture. A cross-sectional survey of 399 young mothers who are breast cancer survivors aged 18–40 years was conducted in Liaoning, China. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. SEM was employed to analyze the relationships among constructs. The results indicate that parental responsibility significantly influences behavior through its effects on attitude (β = 0.156, p &lt; 0.001) and intention (β = 0.142, p = 0.009), with a substantial indirect impact on behavior via attitude and intention (VAF = 47.13%). perceived benefits positively influence attitude (β = 0.144, p = 0.001) and intention (β = 0.023, p = 0.012). Organizational culture was found to moderate the relationship between parental responsibility and behavior. The findings have important implications for the development of culturally sensitive health interventions tailored to young breast cancer survivors. Practical interventions are suggested to assist young breast cancer survivors in enhancing their health behaviors by integrating parental responsibility into health promotion strategies. This study emphasizes how health behaviors can be managed more effectively within the specific cultural context of China. The findings extend the literature on health behavior by integrating parental responsibility into the health behavioral model and theory of reasoned action, offering a framework that enhances the understanding of how culturally relevant factors influence health behaviors among young breast cancer survivors a non-Western context.

Feeling with the Victim: Empathy for Suffering as a Job Stressor in Internet Child Exploitation Investigation

AbstractInvestigating internet child exploitation cases poses unique stress for investigators routinely exposed to traumatic material. We posit that this stress arises not only from exposure but also from empathy for victims' suffering, which acts as a predominant job stressor. Drawing from the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, our study examines the relationship between empathy for suffering and burnout, as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among investigators in internet child exploitation cases. We further explore how social support from colleagues moderates these effects. In an online study of 168 investigators (90 women), our findings reveal that empathy for suffering is positively correlated with PTSD and burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion and cynicism), independent of exposure. While prolonged exposure to traumatic content contributes to PTSD, empathy significantly amplifies stress. Social support from colleagues partially moderates the relationship between stressors and adverse health outcomes, serving as a crucial job resource. Our results suggest that, while exposure to disturbing material is a job hazard, empathy for suffering emerges as the predominant stressor. These findings highlight the importance of addressing both exposure and empathy in risk assessment and health promotion strategies for internet child exploitation investigators, with a focus on enhancing social support within the workplace.

RISK FACTORS OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) continue to be the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. This study investigates the main risk factors for NCDs by systematically reviewing the latest literature and literature studies. The main focus is on the influence of genetic factors, life behavior, socio-economic conditions and environmental factors as the main determinants of this disease. Through critical analysis of multiple data sources, including medical textbooks and peer-reviewed journal articles, this study identified that poor diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and exposure to environmental pollutants significantly increase the risk of NCDs. This study also emphasizes the importance of interventions at the policy and individual levels to address these risk factors. It is hoped that the results of this study can become a basis for developing more effective preventive and health promotion strategies in the future.

Visceral adiposity index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and fasting plasma glucose associations in adolescents.

The global rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents is partly linked to the increasing rates of childhood obesity and physical inactivity. To explore the independent relationships of visceral adiposity index (VAI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in adolescents. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 403 adolescents (202 boys and 201 girls) aged 11-19 years. Participants were evaluated for VAI, CRF, and FPG. Regression models, adjusted for age and maturity status, were used to assess the associations between VAI, CRF, and FPG. The prevalence of T2DM risk was 15.3% (girls = 7.4%; boys = 7.9%). In boys, high VAI was positively associated with FPG (β = 0.190, P = 0.009), while low CRF was negatively associated with FPG (β = -0.206, P = 0.010). These associations persisted even after adjusting for CRF and VAI. However, no significant associations between VAI, CRF, and FPG were observed in girls (P > 0.05). Adolescents with high VAI and low fitness levels demonstrated poorer glycemic profiles. Among boys, both VAI and CRF were independently associated with T2DM risk, with CRF showing a stronger association. These associations were not observed in girls. Promoting regular aerobic exercise and healthy diets may serve as essential public health promotion strategies in preventing and managing T2DM risk in adolescents.