Strategic Source Research Articles

Innovation and export performance: a meta-analytic review and theoretical integration

PurposeSince an accumulated body of research has examined the link between innovation and export performance and little attention has been paid to consolidate the existent fragmented findings in the pertinent literature, the purpose of this paper is to systematically integrate empirical findings based on a meta-analysis of relevant research investigating the association between innovation and export performance.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, correlations within individual studies were examined through performing a meta-analysis, which assists to synthesize the entire findings among past individual studies and helps to quantify the aggregated results. In total, 38 articles surveyed 554,227 exporting manufacturing companies were analyzed through a meta-analysis of 145 total effects.FindingsThis study demonstrates that innovation is a strategic source to achieve competitive advantage with intent to achieve superior performance in export markets. In this sense, the results reveal that while there is a significant relationship between innovation activities of companies and their export performance, export strategic performance dimension captures important facets in this relationship. Moreover, the results indicate that conceptualization of innovation and the development level of countries moderate the link between innovation and export performance. While output-oriented innovation is more influential on innovation-financial export performance association, the input-oriented innovation is more influential on strategic and market performance.Originality/valueThis present study attempted to synthesize fragmented results examining innovation–export performance link via revealing potential moderators on the association between innovation and export performance and providing important insights for both practitioners and scholars.

Strategic source evaluation: addressing the container conundrum

Purpose This paper argues that information containers provide valuable context clues that can help students make choices about how to engage with information content. The authors present a strategic approach to source evaluation rooted in format and authority threshold concepts. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed a source evaluation strategy with the objective of deciding whether to trust an information source. This strategy involves a set of cues to help readers mindfully engage with both the container and content of a given source. Findings When conducting research, non-experts are asked to evaluate content in the absence of relevant subject expertise. The cues presented in this paper offer practical tactics informed by the concepts of authority (to help make an accessible judgment of intellectual trust) and format (to help make more informed decisions about the content they find in a browser). Originality/value While librarians have produced many evaluative models and checklists to help students evaluate information, this paper contributes a unique strategic approach grounded in two information literacy threshold concepts – format and authority – and enacted through a series of actions drawn from website evaluation models, fact-checking, and metacognitive exercises.

Edible Flowers as Innovative Ingredients for Future Food Development: Anti-alzheimer, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Potential

Several flowers used as food, such as artichoke, cauliflower and broccoli have high nutritional value and huge gastronomic acceptance. However, they are only a few representatives of myriads of flowers recognized as strategic sources of bioactive natural antioxidants and anti-microbial compounds, which can be exploited as natural food preservatives and to decrease microbial spoilage. The potential of flowers as human food is still underestimated, although they have been lately utilized to bring flavor, color and visual appeal to food. Development of products containing edible ornamental flowers can be a sustainable solution to the industry of cut flowers, since tons of flowers are discarded every day regardless of their nutritional and functional value, because they lack ornamental quality. In this work, we evaluated anti-Alzheimer (acetylcholinesterase inhibition), antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of flowers from five plant species, orange hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa), carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), purple and pink violet (Saintpaulia ionantha), aiming at the future development of innovative foods or ingredients for food supplements industries. The flowers were dried at 40 °C and maintained good color quality. Both purple and pink violet species showed efficiency in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (57.00 e 55.00%, respectively); the latter was also active against S. aureus (46.82%). Orange hibiscus was the most active species, possessing high concentration of phenolic compounds (4.04 g/100 g), and an excellent overall antioxidant activity in ferric reducing power (67.40%), DPPH capture (IC 50% 739.60 µg.mL-1) and ABTS capture (IC 50% 96.21 µg.mL-1) assays, in addition to antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (45.82%). This species was also able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (42.37%). These results point out the potential of these edible flowers as innovative food for health and colorful diet or to be incorporated in new products as natural food preservatives and supplements. They can also be employed as a synergic resource for Alzheimer’s patients, already using prescription drugs, due to their antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition capacity.Keywords: flower, functional food, hibiscus, Alzheimer.

Milk fatty acid composition of Holstein x Gyr dairy cows fed sugarcane-based diets containing citrus pulp supplemented with sunflower oil

Sugarcane is a strategic roughage source for milk production in the tropics, and its supplementation with plant oils offers great potential for obtaining milk enriched with beneficial fatty acids, such as oleic (cis-9 C18:1), vaccenic (trans-11 C18:1), and rumenic (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the milk fatty acid composition of cows fed 60% chopped sugarcane-based diets containing citrus pulp and 0.0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% sunflower oil on a dry matter basis. Twelve multiparous Holstein x Gyr dairy cows with an average milk production of 17±5 kg day-1 and 96±25 days in milk were allocated in a triplicate 4 x 4 Latin square design. There was no effect of dietary treatment on milk production, but sunflower oil supplementation linearly reduced the milk fat content and yield. The milk fat contents of lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), and palmitic (C16:0) fatty acids were linearly reduced with increasing sunflower oil levels. There was a quadratic effect on the milk fat oleic, vaccenic, and rumenic acid contents, while the concentrations of elaidic acid (trans-9 C18:1), trans-10 C18:1 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA linearly increased in response to sunflower oil inclusion. Diet supplementation with sunflower oil linearly reduced both the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices and linearly increased the ratio between hypo- and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids in milk fat. The inclusion of up to 4.5% sunflower oil in 60% chopped sugarcane-based diets improved the nutritional quality of milk fat from Holstein x Gyr dairy cows as a result of the increased content of oleic, rumenic and vaccenic acids, which are beneficial to human health, and the concomitant reduction of hypercholesterolemic lauric, myristic and palmitic acids. However, there was an increase in the milk content of trans-10 C18:1 and elaidic acid, which are associated with deleterious effects on cardiovascular health.

Strategic sources of superprofit in a well-regulated fishery

This study is motivated by the ongoing debate on resource rent taxation in Norwegian fisheries. Drawing on strategy literature, this paper argues that resource rent is just one of several conceivable sources of above-normal profit (superprofit) for a firm in a natural resource-based industry. The financial statements of almost the whole population of the Norwegian purse seine fleet were analyzed (61 firms owning 65 vessels) for a 5-year period and the level of superprofit for each company was calculated. The findings show that the average firm made modest superprofit in 4 out of 5 years. One reason is that the firms have received a large portion of their quota portfolios gratis. Another reason is that the competition arena is favorably protected through institutionalized barriers to entry. Moreover, the study reveals large profitability variations among seemingly similar firms. Different sources of superprofit were therefore investigated. It was found that the most profitable firms were the most risk adverse. They invested in neither large quota shares nor large catch capacities; as a result, their balance sheets were not debt loaded. The paper concludes by discussing policy implications and limitations of the findings.

Strategic Decoupling in Korean Business Groups: Ambiguous Identity as a Strategy in Chaebol Groups

I examine how firms affiliated with Korean business groups utilize decoupling of the stated business area and actual business activities to maintain the economic sustainability of their organizations. In examining the strategic sources of decoupling, I focus on the idiosyncratic nature of Korean business groups, otherwise known as chaebols. I suggest that decoupling of the stated and actual business areas of a chaebol affiliate is affected positively by the number of regulations in the industry, positively by the relative resource endowment of the affiliate within the chaebol, and negatively by the affiliate’s niche overlap with other affiliates. However, the negative effect of niche overlap was moderated by the affiliate’s relative resource endowment.

Defence Planning in the Fog of Peace: The Transatlantic Currency Conversion Conundrum

Resource allocation to and within defense budgets is grand strategy. NATO and the EU coordinate defense planning and encourage fair burden-sharing among their members. We analyse the effect of agreed planning processes, namely the ‘NATO Defence Planning Process (NDPP)’ on the conversion of political will to resources and then to capabilities development across the transatlantic security community, adding to conversations on hierarchy and order in international politics. In a ‘fog of peace’ featuring diverse threats, and in which allies may disagree on strategic rivals and sources of risk, national and regional political economies shape strategy, not the other way around.

Ecosystem services provided by South African palmiet wetlands: A case for investment in strategic water source areas

Wetlands globally are highly threatened by agriculture, and damage associated with it, such as invasion by alien species and the impacts of fertilizers and pesticides. South African palmiet wetlands make an interesting case study to investigate this, as they are valuable valley-bottom, peat-forming systems, highly threatened by agricultural development. Currently most agriculture in these palmiet wetlands is marginal (low agricultural productivity) due to the challenges of farming a system that experiences severe floods and erodes rapidly, forming gullies, when wetland vegetation is disturbed. The current situation seems to be a lose-lose situation for nature and society. We aimed to assess this conflict between water-related services and agriculture objectively by comparing provision of fifteen ecosystem services by degraded and pristine sections of three palmiet wetlands using a rapid ecosystem service assessment tool (WET-Ecoservices). To validate this technique, we compared results to those obtained from examining three key ecosystem service complexes in slightly more detail. We found that pristine palmiet wetlands provide valuable ecosystem services to society, which are currently being compromised for private, marginal agricultural gain. These pristine wetlands sequester between 21 and 41 g.m−2 of carbon per year, have nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiencies of 62–85% and 16–89% respectively, and provide about 16 times more flood attenuation relative to degraded ones. The full impact of degradation on wetland ecosystem services was not entirely captured by the rapid ecosystem service assessment tool: WET-Ecoservices. We suggest some adaptations to this tool for the valley-bottom wetland hydro-geomorphic unit. Overall, these wetlands have high potential for incorporation into a Payments for Ecosystem Services scheme, due to the ecosystem services provided and their position above important municipal dams. We recommend collaboration between private landowners struggling with marginal agriculture, and decision makers in cities dealing with water shortages and debt to ensure the most efficient and judicious use of these palmiet wetland ecosystem services.

Examining strategic group membership and firm performance in the global hotel industry

The increasing complexity of global competitive environment requires a comprehensive approach that integrates business practices and strategic management theory to investigate firms' performance. Following strategic group and competitive advantage theory, content analysis is adopted as a fundamental tool to investigate and categorise the competitive methods employed by multinational hotel firms in the new millennium era. The resulted differentiation-based strategic groups are further examined to explore the strategic sources of intra-industry performance differences in the global hotel industry. The results suggest that strategic group membership is an important predictor of hotel firms' performance. The patterns of commitment to strategic group membership have significant impacts on multinational hotel firms' business performance. These findings advance the current research on strategic group-performance relationship through discovering the important role played by strategic group commitment in the context of a globalised service industry.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY AS A TOOL TO INCREASE ITS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

The research article is devoted to studying the university’s organizational culture. To survive and be competitive in the face of strong national and international competition, the university has to be unique as compared to other universities. One of the strategic sources for forming a university’s competitive advantages is to change its organizational culture. It is the university’s development that makes it possible to form new value attitudes, both among teachers and students. The article observes a study of the organizational culture in National Research Mordovia State University. To analyse the surface level of the organizational culture of the university, we have investigated the attitude of teachers and students to the key elements of the organizational environment of the university (tradition, corporate style, encouragement and punishment etc.). The analysis of the subsurface level of the organizational culture has been carried out with the help of adapted versions of K. Cameron and R. Quinn’s questionnaires. Basic value judgments are identified by means of G. Hofstede’s method. The respondents of the questionnaires have numbered 847, including 100 research and teaching staff and 747 students. The results of studying the teachers’ and students’ views on organizational culture provide the general idea of key values, culture orientations, which identify the whole of this culture. The study shows the fragmentary perception of culture elements by the representatives of different departments, which sometimes leads to a diametrically opposite assessment of the parameters of this culture. In this regard, it is necessary to implement a number of training programs aimed at developing the communication system, organizational values, psychological comfort, and corporate image. At the same time, it seems reasonable to consider the development process of the selected components through achieving certain goals, which must ensure the quality of all organizational processes within the university, and, consequently, increase its competitive advantages.

Oiling the wheels of sub-national development: An overview of development plan implementation in the Western region of Ghana

Ghana’s Petroleum Revenue Management Law provides for equal and balanced national development anchored on extractive resource revenues and other strategic sources. However, the allocation and expenditure of petroleum revenues are centralized. This study applied a desk review to examine the Development Plans of three district assemblies (Jomoro, Ellembele and Sekondi-Takoradi) around the petroleum producing area. The findings indicate that there is general pressure on social amenities such as electricity. In Sekondi-Takoradi metropolitan area-for instance, electricity access rate has declined from 97% in 2010 to 92% in 2013 and 96% by 2016, implying that population is outgrowing energy access. Again, about 70% of infrastructure projects were either not completed within time or are not started at all. Again, whilst youth unemployment was identified, not much has been done to address it. The study recommends that that district assemblies need to plan their infrastructure projects in phases to so that old projects are prioritized and completed before new ones are started. In addition, innovative youth skills development programmes should be developed for the youth as part of a national local content strategy.

A RESOURCE-BASED VIEW (RBV) OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF PT. LANGGENG MAKMUR INDUSTRI, TBK.

This study aims to discuss the implementation of Resource-Based View (RBV) modelin product development. This model is used as a basis to explore the application of four types of capabilities as a strategic source in product development based on process efficiency and product effectiveness.The research method uses case study that aims to reveal information factually, structured, and accurately about the object under study.The results show that RBV model approach to product development can be used by the company.This study shows the applied managerial implications of the RBV model in terms of (1) technological capability, only applies R&D and manufacturing in the process of innovation. If the company is determined to achieve the process efficiency, it needs to focus more on technology capability design and technological complementary. (2) In external integrative capability, the company only implements managerial process and managerial system, (3) in internal integrative capability, the company only applies managerial process and managerial system. If the company is determined to achieve product effectiveness, the company needs to focus more on external integrative capabilities in the form of absorptive structures and cultures and values for external absorption and internal integrative capabilities in the form of integrative structures and cultures and values for internal absorption. (4) In marketing capabilities, the company has implemented strategic marketing management. If the company is determined to produce product effectiveness, it should focus more on marketing capabilities in the form of market research tools, marketing-mix policies, and marketing complementary. Keywords: resource-based view model, product development

Characterisation of Mineralised Material from the Loki’s Castle Hydrothermal Vent on the Mohn’s Ridge

Loki’s Castle on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR) is an area of possible seafloor massive sulphide (SMS)-style mineralisation under Norwegian jurisdiction, which, due to mounting social pressure, may be a strategic future source of base and precious metals. The purpose of this study is to characterise mineralised material from a hydrothermal vent system on the AMOR in detail for the first time, and to discuss the suitability of methods used; reflected light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), whole rock geochemistry, electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), and QEMSCAN. The primary sulphide phases, identifiable by microscopy, are pyrite and marcasite with minor pyrrhotite and galena, but multiple samples from the Loki’s Castle contain economically interesting quantities of copper (hosted in isocubanite and chalcopyrite) and zinc (hosted in sphalerite), as well as silver and gold. This reinforces the notion that slow spreading ridges may host significant base metal deposits. Micro-textures (chalcopyrite inclusions and exsolutions in sphalerite and isocubanite respectively) are typically undefinable by QEMSCAN, and require quantitative measurement by EPMA. QEMSCAN can be used to efficiently generate average grain size and mineral association data, as well as composition data, and is likely to be a powerful tool in assessing the effectiveness of SMS mineral processing.

Risk assessment of forest landscape degradation using Bayesian network modeling in the Miyun Reservoir catchment (China) with emphasis on the Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source control program

AbstractAs the local strategic surface water source for Beijing City, the Miyun Reservoir catchment is suffering from the challenges of forest landscape degradation (FLD) under various natural and anthropogenic disturbances. This study developed a cause–effect Bayesian network model, consisting of three tiers of nodes, site indicators, external disturbance, and the outcome of FLD, to perform a regional ecological risk assessment to better understand the FLD risks (1998–2013) in the catchment. The effects of the Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source control (BTSSC) Phase I program, a typical forest landscape restoration program, on the FLD were further examined. Overall, the higher level of either current occurrence or risk probability for FLD suggests the urgency of the following restoration efforts. The dominance of soil erosion for FLD indicates that soil erosion control should be a priority in the following Phase II program. Meanwhile, the uneven spatial distribution of high‐risk areas suggests that the following efforts should be focused within the upstream Hebei Province. In addition, based on the comparison of site indicators between different risk areas, the study concluded that community livelihood activities and land degradation due to climate change have been the other two dominant driving forces contributing to FLD. Furthermore, the study found that the forest landscape has not been restored into the best state by the BTSSC program due to the multiple and complex challenges. Thus, the technical concept of nature‐based solutions, including close‐to‐nature forest management technology and a comprehensive community‐involvement governance model, was proposed for the following Phase II program.

Evaluation of Gas Hydrate Formation Temperature for Gas/Water/Salt/Alcohol Systems: Utilization of Extended UNIQUAC Model and PC-SAFT Equation of State

Naturally occurring gas hydrates are of great importance as a strategic energy source. Hydrates affect coastal sediment stability, global climate change, and ocean carbon cycling. It is vital to understand the thermodynamic conditions of gas hydrates to control/manage and inhibit hydrate formation. A variety of equations of state (EOSs) have been utilized to model the thermodynamic behaviors of gas hydrates. In this study, the perturbed chain statistical association fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state combined with van der Waals and Platteuw model is employed to determine the clathrate hydrate formation temperature of pure gases (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide) and binary and ternary systems of hydrate gases. In addition, the gas hydrate formation conditions are investigated where methanol, ethanol, glycerol, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 as inhibitors are present. The UNIQUAC model is utilized in this work to obtain the hydrate formation conditions in s...

KONTRIBUSI PAJAK TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (Kajian Pada Pajak Hotel, Restoran, dan Hiburan di DKI Jakarta Periode 2010-2013)

The target of local taxes supports the a better local development. DKI Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia has its own strategic taxes sources. Some of them are hotel tax, restaurant tax, and entertainment tax. This aims to find out the taxes effectiveness and the taxes contribution of hotel tax, restaurant tax, and entertainment tax. Using the descriptive-quantitative, the period of the local real earning of DKI Jakarta is 2010-2013. The result explained that the hotel tax and restaurant tax in 2010-2013 were very effective. Meanwhile tha entertainment tax was slowing down to be ineffectve in 2013. The level of taxes contribution of hotel tax, restaurant tax, and entertainment tax are relatively small as it showed under 10% of each period. It is important to recalculate the number of hotels, restaurants, and types of enterntainment in DKI Jakarta. Using three types of local taxes and short period of local real earning, next researchers can use more types and longer period of local real earning.

Short chain polyphosphates as a strategic colloidal source of phosphate for parenteral admixtures

Short chain sodium polyphosphates – (NaPO3)9 – PolyP – were added to 2-in-1 pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations as new alternative phosphate sources. Solutions of PolyP and Ca2+ in the presence of Mg2+, glucose, amino acids and trace elements were analyzed by electronic absorption and 31P NMR spectroscopies, as well as by pH measurements. Additionally, to verify the biocompatibility of short chain PolyP solutions, red blood cell (RBCs) units were evaluated by analyzing hemoglobin, hematocrit, and hemolysis. The blood clotting action of the PolyP was determined through Prothrombin time. We observed that the short chain PolyP anions did not interfere in the quality control parameters for RBCs units or in the blood extrinsic coagulation pathway. The spectral changes observed in the 31P NMR confirm the association of Mg2+ and Ca2+ with PolyP in the admixtures. Compatibility diagrams showed that the PolyP-Ca/Mg systems reflect a gel behavior based on the PolyP chains interaction with the incoming cations maintaining a supramolecular equilibrium until a limiting concentration. We observed that the greater the PolyP concentration, the greater the amount of Ca2+ that could be added to the admixture without phase separation and that the increased complexity of species (glucose, amino acid, trace elements and Mg2+) in the admixture favored a still higher final Ca2+ concentration. The overall colloidal behavior of short chain PolyPs shows that these polyanions function not only as alternative and safe phosphate sources in PN formulations but also as polyanions that increase the admixture stability against phase separation by efficiently sequestering metal cations present.

Respuestas macroinvertebrados acuáticos a la presión humana en una cuenca tropical volcánica alta: Río Birrís, Volcán Irazú (Costa Rica)

Background. Tropical mountain rivers are strategic sources of water for human development while biological communities are indicators of the status of these ecosystems. However, volcanic basins close to large urban areas are affected by increasing human pressures that threaten the future of these ecosystems and their benefits to society. Goals. This paper analyzes the evolution of the responses of the aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the face of increasing pressures in the Birris River basin, which is essential for providing food and energy for the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. The hypothesis that volcanic headwater communities are highly vulnerable to human impacts was tested. Methods. Composition and structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages were assessed along main river channels over two years. Results. The spatial variability of assemblages was related to organic pollution and the self-purification capacity of the river. Temporal variability was mainly explained by the intra-annual climate variability (seasonality). Macroinvertebrate assemblages were dominated by Chironomidae (Diptera), Simuliidae (Diptera), and Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) throughout the year. High flows during the rainy season (May to December) reduced density while diversity peaked at the end of that season. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera reached their maximum abundance during the dry season, while Diptera showed maximum richness at the end of the rainy season. Conclusions. Biological communities showed spatial and temporal adaptations to the main environmental stresses, including high levels of organic pollution. However, the high slope of river channels favors the self-purification processes, which offer an opportunity for the recovery of ecological integrity combined with control of the organic discharges. More information is needed on taxonomy and autoecology of aquatic fauna and flora in these fragile volcanic environments that are strategic for the protection of water resources in the tropics.

Estimation of surface flow speed and ice surface temperature from optical satellite imagery at Viedma glacier, Argentina

Abstract The Viedma glacier is the largest glacier in Argentina and one of the most dynamic in the Southern Patagonian Icefield. It is a strategic water source. This study analyzes the interactions of glaciological variables that help better explain the behavior of the Viedma glacier. This paper presents the study of surface flow speed and ice surface temperatures during the 2015–2016 warm season by using remote sensing data and includes the statistical correlation between those variables. In addition, a reconstruction of the front fluctuation between 1979 and 2016 through CORONA and LANDSAT images is included. Finally, the displacement modes dominating the Viedma glacier are suggested. Our results showed that the mean surface flow speed during the study period was of around 1.2 ± 0.3 md−1 and reached maximum values of 5.5 ± 0.3 md−1 and 3 ± 0.3 md−1 at middle basin and terminus respectively. Thermal data revealed minimum values of −2 °C in the uppermost section of the study area, whilst the glacier's terminus showed supraglacial melt (values above pressure melting point). Front fluctuation analysis revealed the largest front retraction of the last 40 years between 2010 and 2016: around 281 my−1. Statistical correlation analysis and glaciological data suggested that the middle and lower basins of the Viedma glacier are widely dominated by basal sliding.

Reverse Flotation Separation of Fluorite from Calcite: A Novel Reagent Scheme

Fluorite (CaF2), as an important strategic mineral source, is usually separated from calcite by the common froth flotation method, but this separation is still not selective enough. The development of a selective collector and/or depressant is the key to achieving high selective separation. 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP or H4L) is widely used as an environmentally friendly water treatment reagent due to its low cost and excellent anti-scaling performance in an aqueous solution. In this study, a novel reagent scheme was developed using HEDP as a fluorite depressant and sodium oleate (NaOL) as a calcite collector for the first time. When 3 × 10−5 mol/L of HEDP and 6 × 10−5 mol/L of NaOL were used at pH 6, the optimal selective separation for single minerals and mixed binary minerals was obtained. Zeta potential measurements indicated that HEDP possessed a stronger adsorption on fluorite than calcite, while NaOL did the opposite. This novel reagent scheme is of low cost, uses a small dosage, and is friendly to the environment, which makes it a promising reagent scheme for fluorite flotation in industrial application.