Formulation Of Strategic Plan Research Articles

STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION FOR EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT: LESSONS FROM HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

The researcher has observed that employees at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Southern Africa are aware of the importance of strategic planning, hence the formulation of strategic plans, but the concern arises at the implementation thereof. Therefore, the paper assesses the extent to which HEIs in Southern Africa utilise strategic communication for engagement of employees for implementation of their institutional strategy.Purposive sampling was used to identify HEIs in Southern Africa. In addition to this, an exploratory research design was used to establish if the strategic plan existed in each institution, and to find out strategies used to implement the strategic plan. The researcher used the explorative study because of the curiosity and desire to understand the influence strategic communication has on the implementation of the strategy.Strategic plans for the HEIs under study were assessed in order to find out if they indicate engagement of the employees and whether there are particular strategic measures proposed to solicit input of the employees in both the development and implementation of the strategic plan. Strategic plans were analysed to assess the degree to which strategies are implemented in the institutions.The study not only indicates the drivers, best practices and lessons of a communication strategy, but also suggests that when the organisation takes a strategic approach to communication, communication becomes integral to the formulation and implementation of strategy. It further suggests best ways to implement strategic plan using a communication strategy.

Enhancing the chimp optimization algorithm to evolve deep LSTMs for accounting profit prediction using adaptive pair reinforced technique

Accurately predicting accounting profit (PAP) plays a vital role in financial analysis and decision-making for businesses. The analysis of a business’s financial achievements offers significant insights and aids in the formulation of strategic plans. This research paper focuses on improving the chimp optimization algorithm (CHOA) to evolve deep long short-term memory (LSTM) models specifically for financial accounting profit prediction. The proposed hybrid approach combines CHOA’s global search capabilities with deep LSTMs’ sequential modeling abilities, considering both the global and temporal aspects of financial data to enhance prediction accuracy. To overcome CHOA’s tendency to get stuck in local minima, a novel updating technique called adaptive pair reinforced (APR) is introduced, resulting in APRCHOA. In addition to well-known conventional prediction models, this study develops five deep LSTM-based models, namely conventional deep LSTM, CHOA (deep LSTM-CHOA), adaptive reinforcement-based genetic algorithm (deep LSTM-ARGA), marine predator algorithm (deep LSTM-MPA), and adaptive reinforced whale optimization algorithm (deep LSTM-ARWOA). To comprehensively evaluate their effectiveness, the developed deep LSTM-APRCHOA models are assessed using statistical error metrics, namely root mean square error (RMSE), bias, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSEF). In the validation set, at a lead time of 1 h, the NSEF values for LSTM, LSTM-MPA, LSTM-CHOA, LSTM-ARGA, LSTM-ARWOA, and deep LSTM-APRCHOA were 0.9100, 0.9312, 0.9350, 0.9650, 0.9722, and 0.9801, respectively. The results indicate that among these models, deep LSTM-APRCHOA demonstrates the highest accuracy for financial profit prediction.

Effect of Leadership in Strategic Planning on Performance of Faith Based Health Care Institutions in Meru County, Kenya

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of strategic planning drivers on the performance of faith-based healthcare institutions in Meru County, Kenya. There were four specific objectives: to assess the influence of leadership in strategic planning, environmental scanning, stakeholder involvement, and the strategic planning formulation process on the performance of faith-based healthcare institutions in Meru County, Kenya. The research drew upon the Strategic Fit Theory, Porter's Competitive Advantage Theory, and Institutional Theory. Adopting a descriptive research design, the study targeted 421 employees across 23 faith-based healthcare institutions in Meru County. Using Yamane's formula for categorical data, the study focused on a sample size of 205 respondents. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents using a drop-and-pick method, while qualitative data was gathered from hospital administrators using an interview guide. The study employed frequencies, means, and standard deviation to present descriptive results. For inferential statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and analysis of variance were used. The study's results revealed a positive and significant correlation between leadership, environmental scanning, stakeholder involvement, the strategy formulation process, and the organizational performance of faith-based healthcare institutions in Meru County. Regression analysis indicated that strategic planning drivers accounted for 59.5% of the variance in organizational performance. The study found that stakeholder involvement did not exert a significant influence on the performance of faith-based healthcare institutions. As a recommendation, the study suggests that faith-based healthcare institutions should enhance their strategic planning by strengthening collaborations with stakeholders, improving resource mobilization, evaluating threats and opportunities, and involving employees in the strategic planning formulation process. Additionally, the study recommends further research to assess the impact of the internal organizational environment on the performance of faith-based healthcare institutions in other counties in Kenya. Policymakers in faith-based organizations are encouraged to support individual organizations in developing strategic management guidelines that promote regulation and control.

The Influence of Strategic Planning and Strategic Resources Base View on the Organization Performance Mediated by Strategic Coordination

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Strategic Planning and Strategic Resources Based View (RBV) on Strategic Organization Performance through mediating Strategic Coordination in Pushidrosal organizations which have two sides of tasks and functions that cannot be separated namely as Military Hydrographic Institutions and also The National Hydrographic Agency with the function of public services and carrying out the hydrographic data support function for military / defense purposes, also includes carrying out the public service function as the National Hydrographic Institution which is the uniqueness of the Pushidrosal organization. Where in the Pushidrosal organization the organizational structure is still underthe command chain ofthe IndonesianNavy Headquarters. Themethodology used in thisresearch istouse a quantitativeapproach and conductdata collection through a questionnaire to be further analyzed using the path analysis method. Respondents in this study were Pushidrosal personnel at officers' rank, in the Makid Pushidrosal environment, Mako Survey unit and Pushidrosal Survey Ship personnel.The population is 252 with a sample of 160 respondents. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and data analysis techniques using Path Analysis and calculations using SPSS version 20 software. The results of this study, found that: 1) Strategic Planning does not directly affect Organizational Performance, but indirectly affects through Strategic Coordination as mediation, 2) Strategic Resources Base View does not directly affect Organization Performance, but indirect effect through Strategic Coordination, and 3) Variable StrategicCoordination becomes a full mediation of the influence of Strategic Planning on Organization Performance and the influence of Strategic RBV on Organization Performance. This research provides a theoretical contribution to the study ofOrganizations with dual functions where it is found that the influence of the parent organization on the formulation of Strategic Planning, and Strategic Resources Base Viewand the mediating role of Strategic Coordination, which has a full mediating role on Organization Performance, makes theoretical contributions to research on Strategic Planning and Strategic Resources Base View on Organization Performance with mediation Strategic Coordination applied to an organization dual functions and still has influence from the parent organization.

Formulation of Strategic Plan for a Financial Technology Startup Company

This study formulated a strategic plan for a financial technology start-up company in the Philippines. The business model involves selling airtime prepaid loads and mobile top-ups, channel and medium for various remittance and financial institutions, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) capable system that gives assistance and basis to its users for granting of loans. The FinTech industry is a fast-emerging industry in the county. The Philippine government pushes and backing up the financial inclusion and digitization programs aiming to simplify and bring ease and convenience of doing business which brings stiff competition among FinTech companies. The emerging market and stiff competitors can bring disadvantage position, thus strengthening marketing initiative campaign will be the best strategy for the company. Based on the strategic management tools and gathered data, market penetration will be the best strategy for the FinTech company to sustain performance. The marketing campaigns and use online social media platforms must be utilized to do promotions and advertisements. Specific action plans to achieve the company’s objective is to create social media accounts and increase its presence on all social media platforms. The creation of short audio-visual presentations and videos will inform, and educate the targeted market about the company, and its product and services. The videos will be also used to inform the market about the importance and advantage of doing online transactions. The implementation of the strategies and program plans is expected to bring a FinTech company to a better position and can be the leading and most trusted financial solution providers in the country.

Investigation of West Lake Ecotourism Capabilities Using SWOT and TOPSIS Decision-Making Methods

Using SWOT and TOPSIS models, this study aimed to determine West Lake’s potential as a tourist destination. In terms of study methodology, the current research is a descriptive survey. The TOPSIS method was used to rank strengths, weaknesses, threats, opportunities, and preferred strategies after the SWOT analysis was completed. Using a questionnaire and the Delphi method, 30 regional specialists provided research data which was collected and analyzed. Thirteen internal elements and twelve external factors affecting the West Lake tourism were identified and evaluated. Additionally, fifteen strategies were presented to improve the lake’s tourism. On the basis of the matrix of internal–external components in the SWOT model, an aggressive approach was determined to be the optimal strategic stance for West Lake. The results of the TOPSIS technique also revealed that internal strengths have a bigger impact than other elements; hence, aggressive strategies are emphasized for the growth of ecotourism in this region. Based on the results of the TOPSIS technique, the “optimal utilization of the lake’s natural, cultural, and historical potential and attractions in order to develop and attract tourists and generate jobs and revenues“ and “formulation of strategic plans to maximize potential and opportunities in order to attract tourists in all seasons of the year“ strategies were identified as the most important strategies for enhancing the West Lake tourism scenario. Therefore, it is hoped that the relevant authorities would contribute to the expansion and enhancement of the region’s economy through a focus on the vision and goals of the tourist sector and careful foresight in the implementation of these projects.

The Adopted Strategic Management Practices on Governance of LGAs in Tanzania

Purpose: Local Government Authorities are constantly implementing activities directed from central government by means of decentralization to enhance governance in resource allocation and service deliverance. This has made councils to engage in SMPs in order to continue and achieve their targeted goals. This study aims to explore Strategic Management Practices adopted by Local Government Authorities in Tanzania.
 Methodology: The study adopted diagnostic survey design by taking into account all steps involved in survey studies to obtain important data concerning Strategic Management Practices adopted in Local Government Authorities. Both simple and purposive sampling were employed to determine the study sample of 351 staff council who participated in implementation of Strategic Management Practices. Questionnaire, interviews and Focus Group Discussions were used to collect the information from the respondents. Descriptive analysis was used to compute frequencies and percentage, while content analysis was used to analyze the main themes from key informants. The study selected Mufindi District Council as a case study to explore the Strategic Management Practices adopted.
 Findings: Finding of the study found councils undertaking situational analysis, formulation of strategic plan and performance review. Furthermore, finding revealed that councils are equipped with different strategic models in developing strategic plan particularly SWOT analysis and balanced scorecard. It was further found that management, institutional and resource factors have significantly influenced the councils’ decision to adopt SMPs through strategic models.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that successfully strategy implementation can be achieved when councils allocates all required resources with effective monitoring of the activities.

A Ridit Analysis of Formulation and Implementation Success of Strategic Planning for Sports Development Among the Universities of India

Purpose: The study's purpose was to analyze the formulation and implementation success of strategic planning for sports development in India's universities. Theoretical framework: The researcher considered the "competing values approach (CVA)," the work of organization theorists Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1981, 1983),' to measure organizational effectiveness. The researcher also considered the study of 'David Shilbury & Kathleen A. Moore (2006)' which is based on the "competing values approach (CVA)." Design/methodology/approach: This study was approached through a post-positivist paradigm with the concurrent design of mixed-method research. The 313 participants, who represented administrators, coaches, and players from India's three central universities, were surveyed using a structured questionnaire and interviewed using a semi-structured format. The three universities were Jamia Millia Islamia, Banaras Hindu University, and Aligarh Muslim University. The study used a multi-stage sampling method. At the onset, the three universities were selected purposively based on uniformity in their organizational structure, ordinances, academic calendar, and establishment age; finally, simple random sampling was utilized to determine the participants randomly from the selected universities. RIDIT analysis was used to analyze the questionnaire data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Findings: The study results revealed a dearth in the formulation of strategic planning and its successful implementation for sports development in the universities of India. Further research is needed to explore university sports in India. Research, Practical & Social implications: This study suggests that the university sports boards of the universities of India, particularly of the central universities, must recognize and consider the formulation of strategic planning along with its effective implementation procedure for the development of sports, which includes the formulation of the long-term strategic planning with clear and attainable objectives and the viability of how the formulated strategic planning can be resourced. The formulation of strategic planning must include the vision for the future development of sports, along with regular reviews based on its performance. The university sports boards will have to consult the administrators, coaches, experts, and their players to effectively formulate strategic planning with its successful implementation criterion. Well-organized strategic planning with a practical implementation criterion is the need of the hour to develop sports in Indian universities. Originality/value: This is to certify, that the research paper submitted by us is an outcome of our independent and original work. We have duly acknowledged all the sources from which the ideas and extracts have been taken. The article is free from plagiarism and has not been submitted elsewhere for publication.

PERENCANAAN STRATEGIS SISTEM INFORMASI UNTUK BIRO JASA TEKNIK LISTRIK STUDI KASUS : PT TRIJAYA TEKNIKA MANDIRI

Abstract
 Currently, the business activities of an organization are inseparable from the role of Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT). Information Systems are a reliable tool to win competition in the industry, assist organizations in realizing efficient back office processes, improve service quality to consumers, help make decisions, plan ahead, expand markets, and market products.. In operational activities So far, the information system used at PT Trijaya Teknika Mandiri only uses administrative support applications, namely Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Autocad 2004, Photoshop CS where the use of these applications does not make a competitive strategic contribution to the company. In this study, John Ward's PSSI (Information System Strategic Design) concept became the basis for developing the IS/IT strategic planning formulation used in PT Trijaya Teknika Mandiri. IS/IT strategic planning is used to coordinate the needs of business strategy and IS/IT to obtain value from the organization in terms of competitive advantage. The process of identifying information needed for strategic planning of an information system begins with the organizational environment which includes the vision, mission and goals of the organization , identify the internal and external environment of the organization , as well as internal and external. The end result of the draft Information System Strategic Planning is an IS/IT Management Strategy, Information System Strategy (IS Strategy), and Information Technology (IT) Strategy..

Political determinants in the strategic planning formulation of smart initiatives

Governments increasingly promote the adoption of smart initiatives based on the intensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to face urban challenges and improve the quality of life of citizens. Multiple styles of smart initiatives have been developed, depending on the government leadership, the level of participation, collaboration, and involvement of stakeholders and institutions in public decision-taking processes. In this respect, this paper identifies patterns of public strategies in their strategic planning approaches focused on political attributes, analysing 1635 smart initiatives disclosed on internet by 12 Spanish Smart Cities. Findings reveals that formal strategic planning is mainly performed in Smart Cities with conservative and coalition governments and where the predominant scope of strategy is global.

The Nexus Between Strategic Planning and Service Delivery Among Agribusiness State Corporations in Kenya

In keeping with the New Public Management dispensation, state corporations in Kenya have taken up strategic planning with a view to effect reforms for improved service delivery. Despite this, service delivery in the Agribusiness sub-sector in the country is riddled with inadequacies highlighted by among other complaints, unpaid produce supplies, dwindling finances, slumped agricultural extension services, and low produce prices. The study sought to specifically establish the effect of strategic planning on service delivery among agribusiness state corporations in Kenya. Grounded on the new public management theory, the study adopted the positivism paradigm and the descriptive cross-sectional research design. The study targeted all institutional heads from the 73 state corporations in the agribusiness sub-sector in Kenya. The study mainly employed inferential analysis. It was established from a simple linear regression that strategic planning has a significant and positive influence on service delivery. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policymakers in the country set a minimum budgetary allocation for state corporations directed towards strategic planning. The study also recommends that administrations across state corporations in the country offer administrative support to the departments and staff tasked with the formulation of strategic plans.

DETERMINANTS OF STRATEGIC PLAN IMPLEMENTATION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KATULANI SUB-COUNTY, KITUI COUNTY

Purpose: This study sought to find out determinants of implementation of strategic plans in public secondary schools in Katulani sub-county, Kitui County. The focus was on resource allocation, government involvement, communication and motivation of employees in relation to implementation of strategic plans in public secondary schools in Katulani sub-county. The study was guided by four objectives based on the said determinants. This study was guided by four theories which include; resource-basedtheory,stakeholders’theory,hierarchyofneedstheoryandcontingencytheory.
 Methodology: Thestudyemployeddescriptivesurveydesigntoinvestigatethedeterminantsthatinfluenceimplementation of strategic plan. The research involved 105 respondents. Data wascollected through questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed using qualitativeand quantitative techniques with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences(SPSS 16.0 version). The data was presented by use of percentages, bar graphs, piechartsandfrequencydistributiontables.Qualitativedatawasanalyzedthroughcontent analysis and in the course of the research, ethical consideration was observed.
 Findings: The findings of the study indicated that resource allocation, government involvement, communication and motivation of employees among other factors play a very important role in the implementation of strategic plans in public secondary schools in Katulani sub-county. Therefore, the study concluded that more efforts are required to improve on resource allocation, government involvement, communication and motivation of employees in relation to implementation of strategic plans in public secondary schools in Katulani sub-county.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended the following:-the leadership or administration of pubic secondary schools should consider possible ways of ensuring optimum allocation of the resource available as well enhancing effective communication and motivation of employees. These should be considered in the formulation of strategic plans for best achievement of institutional goals and objectives. The study recommends use of the three theories used because they are still relevant hence applicable in similar studies in the future. The foundation provided by the three theories guided in the extraction of the concepts tested in this study. The study recommends further assessment of the influence of parental involvement and local political leaders on strategic plan implementation in public secondary schools. Other areas for further research include assessing the impact of strategic planning in public secondary schools in terms of performance at the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Sistem Pakar Kelayakan Perizinan pada Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining

Efforts to increase investment in the regions need to be carried out with intensification and extensification activities, improving the implementation of excellent services through the formulation of strategic planning. Policies in the investment sector are basically aimed at increasing the ability of the regions to invite investors to enter the city of Medan. So far, the process of granting permission is by registering by filling out the form and uploading the required files, then the team will verify the files manually, this kind of work is considered less effective because it takes quite a long time. Likewise, the central government often changes regulations related to financial management, licensing, investment-related aspects, so that the regions must immediately adapt to the new regulations. The system process that uses the forward chaining method is by solving problems that are tracked based on existing facts until conformity is found based on the Rules that are formed until conclusions are found. The research that has been done can be concluded that the Expert System using the forward chaining method which is applied to the system in determining the feasibility of licensing is good enough to be applied because it can help the community, the investment office in determining the feasibility of the proposed business through the system. This expert system also provides information on recommendations for improvement to people who submit but are not yet eligible, so that they can easily adjust the conditions, facilities, and other supports to the standards made by the government.

PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN RENCANA STRATEGIS, IMPLEMENTASI VISI MISI DAN EVALUASI KEGIATAN YANG EFEKTIF EFISIEN MENCAPAI SMK PUSAT KEUNGGULAN (SMK PK)

The Central Vocational School of Excellence (SMK PK) is one of the priority programs of the Directorate General of Vocational Education (Ditjen Vocational Education) of the Ministry of Education and Culture in 2021. This program is an effort to develop Vocational High Schools with certain expertise programs in order to improve quality and performance, as well as become a reference for other schools . The Center for Excellence Vocational School program carries the spirit of Independent Learning which focuses on strengthening human resources and bringing the world of education closer to the professional world. Formulation of strategic plans, implementation of vision and mission and evaluation of activities that are effective and efficient in achieving the Center of Excellence Vocational High School PK is one of the activities to achieve and meet the targets of a SMK became SMK PK. This community service activity is carried out in the form of vocational assistance by STMA Trisakti to Wahidin Cirebon Vocational School. This mentoring activity will be held on Thursday, August 19, 2021, until October 11, 2021, online and offline. Overall SMK Wahidin Cirebon has completed the preparation of the strategic plan, the implementation of the vision and mission and the evaluation of activities have been well structured and directed

DETERMINING KEY HUMAN CAPITAL COMPETENCIES FOR INDUSTRY 4.0: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In the present times, the great industrialists are convinced that the world is at the verge of a new Industrial Revolution 4.0 to happen. Therefore, on the global, national and organizational level, the issue of Industry 4.0 has attained an agenda status among the policy makers. Since the evolution of organizations depends on the evolution of workforce, therefore, the competency development of human capital has become a primary concern for the technology champions around the world to stay relevant in the I.4.0 era. By determining the key competencies of human capital in the I.4.0 environment, organizations can be best facilitated to develop their human resource so that they can sustain and grow as per the standards of I.4.0. This study explores the literature to find out the key human capital competencies required in I.4.0, under the categories of personal, social and technical competencies. Consequently, all the competencies are well-integrated to develop a conceptual framework of competencies for Smart HR. 4.0. The findings of this study contribute well in better decision making for agenda setting and strategic plan formulation for competency development of human capital in the organizations. Keywords: Industrial Revolution 4.0, Industry 4.0, Smart HR 4.0, Impact of I.4.0 on Human Capital, Human Capital Competency for I.4.0.

Implementation of Strategic Planning to Enhance Education Governance Quality

Strategic planning has been applied to social organizations, including in education. This study aimed to find and examine the process of preparing and implementing strategic plans and their impact on governance quality at Madrasah Aliyah Amanatullah, Banyuwangi Regency. This research is field research with a qualitative approach—information obtained through observation, interviews with primary data sources, and documentation. Data were analyzed by data reduction, presentation, and inference using domain analysis. The validity of the data uses intensive observation and triangulation criteria. The results of the study show that: (1) The process of preparing a strategic plan at MA Amanatullah Banyuwangi is: first formulating the vision, mission, and goals of the school by involving all stakeholders, followed by forming a strategic planning team; to the analysis process in the formulation of strategic planning and analysis of strategic options. (2) The implementation process is carried out through work assignments and cooperation in implementing strategic planning and evaluating the implementation of strategic planning. (3) The impact on improving school governance, namely; schools have guidelines in improving the quality of educators and education staff, schools can improve service governance to students, practical cooperation is established with all Madrasah Aliyah Amanatullah stakeholders.

Assessment of the Influence of Selected Procurement Practices on the Performance of Devolved Government Units in Kenya: A Case of Machakos County Government

In the devolved units in Kenya, despite the formulation of strategic plans, majority of the counties remain underdeveloped with the employees remaining reluctant thus citizens’ demand for better services remain un met. The devolved systems of governments in Kenya have also been experiencing major challenges in the execution of procurement practices. Counties continue to be criticized for corruption cases, stalled projects, under-development and massive wastage of public resources. All these aspects have been strongly linked to weak procurement management practices which raises concern. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of contract management practices and procurement policies practices, on performance of Machakos County government. The methodology was descriptive research design that guided the study. The study was carried out in County government offices. The target population and unit of observations was 77 employees in procurement department in Machakos County comprising of senior managers and procurement employees, head of other departments as well budget committee members who were selected using a purposeful sampling approach. Data for the study was collected using questionnaires which were self-administered. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis using SPSS version 24. Tables and figures were used in presenting the data. The study found out that Contract Monitoring and, Procurement policies had a positive influence on the performance of Machakos County. The study also concluded that for Machakos County to perform, the procurement department must be able to properly implement, monitor and evaluate these practices. The study recommends that the management of the county to improve on the level of compliance with procurement regulations compliance.

Stakeholder Participation in the Strategic Plan Developing Process: A Survey from the Hospital Setting

Background: One of the most important requirements for developing a strategic plan is the effective participation of various stakeholders in plan formulation. The aim of present study was the evaluation of stakeholder participation in the strategic plan developing process in selected hospitals in Tehran.
 Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in selected hospitals at Tehran in 2015. The data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire consisting of 3 parts: demographic data, stakeholder participation, and attention to the strategic plan's components. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha test (α = 0.8). The SPSS18 software was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, and percentages) were calculated.
 Results: The findings showed that the highest (42.9) and lowest (34.7) mean score of stakeholder participation in the strategic planning formulation was related to "provision required information for planning" and" presentation of gathering and documentation of the plan, "respectively. Hospital managers (91 percent) had the highest involvement, and external stakeholders had the least participation (1.7 percent) in the strategic planning formulation. The least attention is devoted to evaluating the proposed strategies' feasibility, identifying competitive and strategic differentiation, and identifying stakeholders' concerns and needs, respectively.
 Conclusion: Stakeholders' involvement in the formulation of the hospitals' strategic plan was not favorable, and hospitals were unable or unwilling to benefit from their participation in the program.

IMPLEMENTATION HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE of PT CSI

This researchXaims to analyzeXthe implementation of the integration process of the company's strategic plan and HRD strategic plan in increasing competitive advantage in PT CSI. The research dataXis collectedXfrom in-depth interviews and secondary data as well as primary data from HRD in 2019. Qualitative research methods with approaches case studies are used in this study. The results of the study found that the implementation of Human Resource Management has not been oriented towards comprehensive investment. It is proven that HRD is still considered a cost center, even though there has been an integration and adaptation of the entire process of increasing competitive advantage. HRD companies have been involved in the planning process. The day-to-day practice of Human Resource Management does not appear to fully describe the integration with the needs of organizational strategy. The results also show that at the practical level HRD has a two-way relationship with policy makers, meaning that the problems and impacts that arise in HR management are considered in the strategic plan formulation process.

Framing Sustainability. Evidence from Participatory Forums to Taylor the Regional 2030 Agenda to Local Contexts

The present article introduces an original theoretical framework to investigate how public participation reframes governmental sustainability topics along four dimensions: exploration, prioritization, embedding, and integration. The literature highlights public participation as a strategic sustainability governance tool that can help governments extract local communities’ knowledge to better design policy. In light of this, the article proposes the participatory assessment grid (PAG) to assessing participatory contribution to framing sustainability. The present study adopts a topic detection method to gauging and comparing qualitatively and quantitatively the seven Veneto region participatory forums’ output. In so doing, the article tests the PAG and highlights the bottom-up contribution to the sustainability strategic plan formulation within the regional 2030 Agenda design. As the analysis reveals, participatory forums’ communicative content gives several potential contributions to government policy formulation that are drivers both to enhance public engagement and improve sustainability policy design.