Strategic Devices Research Articles

Grounding lists

Abstract Drawing on findings from three distinct corpora encompassing interactions in Spanish, Portuguese, and German, this study investigates the role of lists as strategic devices employed by interlocutors in everyday storytellings and positioning activities to establish common ground (CG). Termed ‘grounding lists’, our research identifies them as a distinct communicative practice for dynamically co-building CG. We found three domains to be most relevant in our data: (a) Personal CG emerging from biographically shared experiences, (b) Communal CG emerging from shared cultural knowledge, and (c) Communal CG emerging from shared everyday knowledge. Our findings reveal the primary characteristics of grounding lists being stylized prosody, reduced itemization, general extenders, lexical elements or quotatives in the onset projecting generalizability, early affiliation, reported speech, as well as gestural depiction. Through empirical analysis, we demonstrate the extent to which each type of CG aligns with these identified features of grounding lists and highlight that it is particularly the dominant use of the list as an abstract gestalt, less as a sedimented practice in itself, that defines grounding lists. This kind of list is strongly marked by its gestalt projection, enabling intersubjectivity and co-building of CG through animated speech and gestural enactment.

MEDIA AND HATE SPEECH: A DISCURSIVE STUDY OF HATE SPEECH ON NAIRALAND FORUM

Digital communication has dominated a major space in our everyday discourses; reflecting how we create, organize, conduct, and express our identities in everyday activities. This study entails the discursive study of hate speech on the Nairaland forum. This study is hinged on Van Dijk's Socio-Cognitive theory (2016) and Ruth Wodak's (2009) Discursive Strategies. The data for this study comprises twenty-eight (28) participants' comments extracted from Nairaland. Findings revealed that commenters of hate discourse on Nairaland used five discursive strategies which include nominalization, predication, argumentation, perspectivization, and intensification to produce their hateful comments on the forum. Strategic devices used include nominals, appositions, relative clauses, pronouns, predicative adjectives, metaphors, giving reasons, questioning, and hyperbole. The study also revealed that ethnic, political party, and religious affinities are the major triggers of hate comments on Nairaland. Thus, the study recommended that technology experts should be engaged to design features, using information derived from language experts to block or filter hate comments on social media platforms. Also, standard laws should be established to curb the menace of hate speech on social media platforms in Nigeria.

Strategy Repertoire of Heritage Language Speakers in Narration and Conversation

The purpose of this corpus-based study is a bottom-up investigation of strategic devices used by heritage language speakers (HLSs) during narration and conversation. It offers a critical review of compensation/communication strategy definitions and classifications, and presents the results of an investigation into strategies employed by an under-researched target group, that of HLSs. The study is not based on any a priori classification scheme; rather it is data-driven. Conversation analysis used to analyze the data revealed, among other, that the 70 Greek HLSs, a heterogeneous group with diverse linguistic, cultural, and affective characteristics from the U.S. (Chicago) and Russia (Moscow and St. Petersburg), employed 14 strategic resources. All three communities used the same strategies, except for loanblends, which were used only by HLSs from Chicago. The latter also exhibited a more frequent use of strategies overall. We conclude that, in spite of their linguistic challenges, the HLSs were capable of achieving their interactional goals. HLSs generally have opportunities to use HL in the community/family, which enriches their strategic repertoires and facilitates language production. However, not all HL environments are language conductive and, as a result, HL learners’ curricula should provide explicit strategy instruction in order to increase their speaking skill.

A model for improving the relationship between integrity and work performance

Purpose Senior executives and leaders of public sector institutions (PSIs) are responsible for the development, preservation or restoration of employee integrity (EI). This conceptual paper aims to address the direct impact of EI on work performance (WP). It also explores the interceding effects of job satisfaction (JS) and employee organisational identification (OI) and the context-conditional impact of purposeful leadership (PL). Design/methodology/approach This research builds a research framework coupled with suppositions by integrating literature from both theoretical and empirical works in the fields of integrity management, human resource management, performance management and leadership using a systematic literature review approach. Firstly, the authors explicitly express the authors’ list of goals through replicable design. Secondly, the authors find all research papers that would satisfy the requirements for inclusion. Thirdly, the authors evaluate the truthfulness of the results from the incorporated research, and, finally, the authors offer a summary and synthesis of the features and outcomes of the incorporated research. Findings This study finds that EI will be favourably linked to WP, and this encouraging connection will be favourably interceded by JS and OI, both independently and together. Also, PL will favourably moderate the EI–JS connection as well as the EI–OI linkage. Research limitations/implications This study provides a novel framework for specialists and academics in four multidisciplinary fields for improving the EI and WP of employees using JS and OI as strategic devices. It also considers the conditional influence of PL, which has been underexploited in the academic sphere. Thus, this research sets the stage for forthcoming academics to investigate this research framework empirically in diverse PSIs worldwide. Practical implications To guarantee that PSIs draw, grow and preserve workers who symbolise the beliefs of the institution, their leadership must uphold a “values-grounded approach” to all facets of its human resource practises – comprising recruitment, performance appraisals, training, leadership development platforms and promotions. Social implications This study reveals the importance of improving integrity in PSIs and the diverse mechanisms through which EI translates into WP. It also highlights the possible benefits that purposeful leaders can offer as well as the problems that they can potentially help mitigate. Originality/value This research adds to the sparse literature on the construct of PL within PSIs’ settings and offers a new conceptual model for boosting employee WP through the facilitating roles of JS and OI, both separately and together.

Strategic Devises to Enhance Accounting Cash Journals Content Knowledge of Economic and Management Sciences Teachers

This paper investigated the strategic devices that can be used to enhance the accounting cash journals content knowledge (ACJCK) of Grade 9 economic and management sciences (EMS) teachers. The study was qualitative, with three participants selected from one rural school in the Thabo-Mofutsanyane education district. The interviews were used to gather information regarding the strategic devices that can be used to enhance the ACJCK of EMS teachers. The data were then analysed using thematic analysis. Finally, the study revealed the following findings: create professional learning communities to enhance cash journals content knowledge and ensuring collaborative lesson planning and preparation of cash journals. The findings suggest that collaborative team teaching must be used to accommodate novice teachers, and continuous training workshops and cluster workshops should also be used to increase teachers’ level of understanding to address the inherent cash journal content knowledge misconceptions.

Performing investigative identities: How print journalists establish authority through their texts

Faced with an increasingly challenging environment, journalists and news organizations are looking to investigative journalism as a symbolic resource to assert their professionalism. However, while the literature recognizes a strong link between authority and professionalism on the one hand, and investigative journalism and professionalism on the other, it has overlooked how investigative journalism itself can be used to establish authority. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring how investigative pieces contribute to the legitimization of journalists in French-speaking Switzerland. To answer this question, we conducted a thematic and discursive qualitative analysis of 186 investigative pieces to examine identity markers that present journalists as particularly legitimate knowledge producers. Our findings show how print journalists perform an investigative identity throughout their texts. This includes playing a watchdog role, demonstrating an “investigative mindset,” claiming specialized skills, and / or highlighting their thorough verification procedure. By employing these strategies, investigative journalists seek recognition based on their social role, their individual traits, their specialized skills, and / or their incontrovertible knowledge claims. We analyze these four identity markers as strategic devices for claiming special authority within the journalistic profession.

Influence of the rotation speed on the dynamic behaviour of a cracked rotating beam

Rotating beams are simplifications of more complex mechanical components, which are characteristics of strategic areas, such as energy and transportation industries. Wind turbine blades, helicopter blades, open rotors, are examples of this kind of mechanical elements that can be modelled as rotating beams. Due to manufacturing defects or to the work conditions together with the agressive enviroments in which they operate, cracks can appear and propagate affecting seriously their structural integrity. Different methods have been used to determine the presence of cracks in beams in general, and in rotating beam in particular. The most common are those regarding the characteristics of the dynamic behaviour: the natural frequencies. In this work, a methodology to accurately calculating the flapwise bending vibration natural frequencies of a rotating cracked beam is presented. First of all, a 3D dynamic numerical model has been developed and the accelerations resulting from it have been used to approach a frequency domain analysis. The model takes into account the breathing crack behaviour and the contacts that are produced between the crack faces. The validation of the model has been made comparing the dynamic results with that obtained from the literature. On the other hand, It is relevant that the presence of a crack reduces the stiffness of the beam (with the consequent reduction of the natural frequency) while centrifugal forces tend to increase the stiffness (increasing the natural frequencies). This study has also been carried out in this work. An analysis of the natural frequencies vibration, for a wide velocity range, has been carried out, in order to separate the influence of the rotation and crack presence. The validated 3D FEM model together with the frequency spectrum analysis, will help, in the near future, to establish virtual experimental tests of large energy and transportation equipments and to obtain virtual results to feed procedures to detect and identify defects in these strategic devices.

A Study on American KFL Learners’ Attitudes Toward Korean Pronunciation Learning and Their Use of Pronunciation Learning Strategies

ABSTRACT Learning language in a foreign context requires some degree of learner autonomy. It calls for even more autonomy when learning a target language pronunciation. One of the ways to foster learner autonomy is by training students in the use of strategic devices that help learners to learn different aspects of pronunciation because skillful use of strategies is key to growing autonomy (Wenden 1991). However, since Pronunciation learning strategies (PLS) have received relatively little attention, the studies on PLS are limited in terms of the target language with a near exclusive focus on English (Pawlak, 2018). In addition, although researchers seem to have come to an agreement on what a reasonable goal should be for pronunciation instruction, in the view of learner autonomy, learners can set their own goals. Therefore, this article has attempted to sketch out the American KFL learners’ attitudes towards Korean pronunciation learning and their overall pattern in PLS use. Noteworthy findings were that the KFL learners’ attitudes towards learning pronunciation was highly positive, they were confined to a very limited set of PLS relying mainly on affective and cognitive strategies, and there was a significant correlation between attitudes and the PLS use.

Leveraging A Lenient Category in Practicing Responsible Leadership: A Case Study

In this extended case study, we examine how business leaders translate a responsible leadership mindset into practice. By studying the leadership team and stakeholders of a large US college dining provider, we found that organization executives leverage the lenient market category of local food to successfully connect with and satisfy the interests of different stakeholder groups. We show that lenient categories, those with ambiguity and unclear boundaries, could be used by organizations as strategic devices to integrate the diverse needs of their stakeholders and foster positive stakeholder relationships. Based on our findings, we develop a theoretical model to illustrate how responsible leaders take advantage of meaning structures of the market category they have adopted to achieve both financial and social benefits for a broad range of stakeholders.

Compensation disclosures and strategic commitment: Evidence from revenue-based pay

A 2006 rule change in the United States mandated that publicly traded firms provide more detailed disclosures about executives’ compensation plans. In response to the new disclosure requirements, Cournot firms with large market shares add revenue-based pay to their CEOs’ pay packages. This change in pay practices coincides with a shift towards more aggressive product market equilibria, characterized by greater production expenditures and lower margins. Jointly, these patterns are consistent with predictions from the theory of “strategic delegation,” and suggest that the new disclosure requirements enhanced the viability of committing through executive incentives. After adopting the new disclosure requirements, many firms appear to restructure their executives’ pay packages as strategic devices designed to make rivals curtail their competitive actions.

What is agentic about the Spatial Agency Bias? How pragmatic relevance contributes to the spatial representations of actions

AbstractThe mental imagination of (social) actions has been shown to follow a left‐to‐right trajectory, with the thematic agent associated with the left position (Spatial Agency Bias, Suitner & Maass in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 53, 2016, p. 245–301). For example, individuals asked to choose a picture that visualizes the sentence “Tom kicks George” tend to choose an image where the agent, Tom, is positioned on the left‐hand side rather than on the right‐hand side. However, as an alternative to the thematic role of the agent, such findings may reflect a mental representation following pragmatic relevance. Specifically, a pragmatic perspective holds that word order and syntactic functions are strategic devices to communicate that the element is important for the sentence. Thus, positioning in the described picture‐matching task may actually reflect the agent's pragmatic relevance instead of agency per se. As a test, we vary whether sentences are written in the active versus the passive voice. Results from five studies indicate that the passive voice results in the tendency to place the agent on the right‐hand side rather than on the left‐hand side of a picture. Instead, the acted‐upon person is positioned on the left‐hand side of a picture. A sixth experiment reveals that for the passive voice, the agent is still seen as more agentic than the receiver, but is considered less relevant. The findings are congruent with the proposed pragmatic relevance account. Implications for the Spatial Agency Bias as well as for building mental representations in general are discussed.

Overview on development of metallic and superconducting photocathodes by the PLD technique for linear accelerator sources

In this paper, we report on the current status of the different configurations that have been suggested for the preparation of metallic and superconducting photocathodes (MPs and SCPs, respectively) by pulsed laser deposition . These strategic devices are used in the new generation of free-electron lasers and in research and development into plasma-based accelerators. To date, three different types of photocathodes have been used: conventional, hybrid and non-conventional configurations. In the case of the conventional configuration, the photocathode consists of a metallic bulk, typically Cu for normal conducting radio-frequency guns and Nb for superconducting radio-frequency guns. In the hybrid configuration, a thin emitting film with high photoemission performance, like Y or Mg, is located in the centre of the Cu flange of the photoinjector. For hybrid SCPs, the emitting material is a thin film of Pb, which has a quantum efficiency higher than that of Nb. Non-conventional configurations of MPs and SCPs have recently been engineered that consist respectively of a Y disc partially covered by a film of Cu and a Pb disc partially covered by a film of Nb. The central surfaces of the Y and Pb discs are not coated, thus providing an emitting area of the materials with higher quantum efficiency. These last devices inserted into a RF gun offer both the photoemission properties and work function of Y and the advantages of Cu in the case of MPs. In the case of SCPs, this new approach offers the relatively high photo-emissive properties of Pb and at the same time preserves all the advantages of Nb as a superconducting material.

Hypothetical Questions as Strategic Devices in Negotiation

In this article, we analyze the use of hypothetical questions in integrative negotiation. We argue that hypothetical questions are useful devices for advancing implicit proposals and can also provide strategic argumentative support for the acceptance of a particular solution. To explain why negotiators prefer to use hypothetical questions when putting forward implicit proposals and to demonstrate how these questions fulfill negotiators' argumentative purposes, our study uses the pragma‐dialectical concept of strategic maneuvering and applies it to the analysis of a number of real‐life negotiations. We conclude by demonstrating that hypothetical questions can be effective devices for strategic maneuvering and that negotiators can employ these kinds of questions to resolve some of the rhetorical predicaments imposed by the negotiator's dilemma as well as to gain a competitive edge over their counterparts.

Reflexiones sobre la economía colaborativa y el capitalismo de las emociones: nuevos retos en el análisis del conflicto Capital-Vida

La irrupción de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación (Castells, 2006) con los dispositivos estratégicos de los Smart phones e Internet, están transformando profundamente nuestros esquemas sociales, relaciones y modelos de producción. Transformaciones que han convergiendo y suscitado la diversa gama de empleos y servicios conocidos bajo el paraguas de la “Economía Colaborativa”, detonando el camino hacia la digitalización de las relaciones laborales, con su esperable traducción en la digitalización de las condiciones laborales. El presente texto nace bajo el objetivo de una revisión feminista de estas transformaciones, insinuando correlaciones entre la Economía Colaborativa y la noción de Capitalismo de las Emociones propuesto por Hochschild (1995). Se pretende aportar en la reflexionar colectiva sobre los retos generados en la coyuntura actual de conflicto entre el Capital y la Vida (Orozco, 2006) y reflexionar sobre qué es lo que sucede cuando las emociones, el ejercicio de colaborar y las experiencias pasan a ser parte esencial del producto y del proceso de producción de capitales.

Marie Lund, An Argument on Rhetorical Style. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, 2017. 220 pp. $39.98 (paper). ISBN: 978-8771842203.

Marie Lund, <i>An Argument on Rhetorical Style</i>. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, 2017. 220 pp. $39.98 (paper). ISBN: 978-8771842203.

Laughter and its functions in Japanese business communication

Laughter and humour, as has been amply documented in workplace settings in New Zealand culture, are typically used as strategic devices, both to diffuse tension and to enhance relationships with colleagues. As Holmes and Marra (2004: 386-387) observed, “a good deal of the discourse in some workplaces is oriented to avoiding conflict, to minimizing the chances of a breakdown in workplace relationships, and to negotiating agreement”. Although the use of laughter in workplaces to serve such relational and tension diffusing purposes is not unusual, it is not commonly associated with Japanese culture and its business practices, and perhaps for this reason, it remains a poorly explored domain to date. This paper aims to address this gap and add to our existing understanding of Japanese business communication by exploring the nature and functions of the use of laughter in a Japanese context and to shed light on current business practices and how they relate to past research insights.

BADANIE STRATEGII UCZENIA SIĘ W JĘZYKU DRUGIM I TRZECIM

Although language learning strategies are a well-researched topic, there are still some aspects which need further investigation and one of these is the application of strategic devices in the second and third language. The following article seeks to compare how learners of two foreign languages use strategies and shows both differences and similarities between the application of strategic devices by presenting the results of a research project in which a questionnaire and an interview were used as the research tools. Strategies were found to be used more often when learning the L2 than during the process of learning the L3. Dissimilarities were observed in the specific types of strategies used, especially in the case of metacognitive strategies, while similarities were noted in the use of affective strategies.

FUNDAMENTAL OF SYSTEMIC ECONOMY

Economy is a system, including a set of levers and regulatory mechanisms, methods and measures for support and development, evaluation methods, schemes and models of strategic devices and tools, current setting, etc. In this regard, system economics implies a whole set of measures and instruments in the appropriate system to achieve the target effect. Then the economy system can be represented as a scientifically ordered economy, where all structural components have their place and fulfill the role of functioning as a holistic system and allow you to get the programmed result. Such an economy eliminates the spontaneity of development and inconsistency of actions of a set of measures and instruments. However, in Belarus the subject of system of the economy has not yet developed, therefore all sections of the economy are presented separately, does not allow to achieve synergetic efficiency of economic entities in practice.Research shows that system economics has its well-established infrastructure. It has five main levels: nanoeconomics, microeconomics, mesoеconomics, macroeconomics and megaeconomics. System Economics goes back to the intelligence, persisted in innovation, it not only represents a balanced interaction of measures and levers, but “doing” is based on the latest ideas, innovations and high technologies.It is established that the first pattern is the system of Economics is based on intelligence. Regardless of the field generator for the reproduction and sustainability is a scientific-innovative potential. Another natural system of the economy should be the emphasis on real material production, although it is assumed the optimum balance of real (material) and intangible industries. The balance of industries in different spheres of employment – is an essential attribute of any modern economic infrastructure, driven by the mechanisms of the system of the economy.In this regard, the article emphasizes that systematizing ideas and innovations constitute the main value of human capital determines his level of competition, the ability to be proactive. Capital creative individuals, primarily scientists, should be considered as the fundamental base for generating new ideas, the ability to select personnel and to encourage them to develop new competitive solutions for the more significant results of economic activities.

From Electrojet to ITER: India's Journey in Experimental Plasma Physics

India has an international presence in Plasma Physics and its diverse applications such as thermonuclear fusion, material processing, strategic and environmental applications and plasma devices. From a modest start in the early 1970s, we have made great strides in the field of experimental plasma physics. Capacity building in techniques relevant to plasma production, manipulation and parameter control, pulsed power, creation of magnetic fields of complex geometries, clean vacuum and pumping systems, development and deployment of diagnostics to enable understanding of fundamental processes in plasmas and computer simulation to model plasma phenomena have been truly remarkable. Parallel to this, a community of physicists, engineers and computer experts has grown and matured. Funding mechanisms and financial support essential to broad base the research and development activity by drawing in Universities and education institutes have been nucleated. It is through these activities that the human resource and technology development essential to sustain India's ambitious forays into magnetic confinement fusion and industrial and strategic plasma applications has taken place. This paper is an attempt to give a historical perspective to this journey, which started at the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad and later, involved the Institute for Plasma Research at Gandhinagar, many DAE Institutions, IITs and Universities.

Staging the Silk Road Journey Abroad: The Case of Dunhuang Performative Arts

Staging the Silk Road Journey Abroad: The Case of Dunhuang Performative Arts