Related Strains Research Articles

Lentilactobacillus terminaliae sp. nov., isolated from tree bark (Terminalia ivorensis Chev.) and its antioxidant activity.

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped strain, designated SPB1-3T, was isolated from tree bark. This strain exhibited heterofermentative production of dl-lactic acid from glucose. Optimal growth was observed at 25-40 °C, pH 4.0-7.0, and in the presence of 3% (w/v) NaCl. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained lysine and aspartic acid. The predominant fatty acids identified were C16:0 and the Summed feature 7 (C19 :1 ω7c/C19:1 ω6c and/or C19:1 ω6c/ω7c/19cy). The polar lipid profile included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, along with two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified amino lipids and two unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences positioned strain SPB1-3T within the genus Lentilactobacillus, showing a close relation to Lentilactobacillus kosonis NBRC 111893T (99.86%) and Lentilactobacillus curieae CCTCC M 2011381T (98.65%). The whole genome of strain SPB1-3T comprised 1 932 998 base pairs with 1955 coding genes and a DNA G+C content of 37.8%. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strain SPB1-3T and closely related type strains ranged from 19.50 to 27.20%. The average nucleotide identity ranged from 84.21 to 85.56%, and the average amino acid identity ranged from 57.25 to 85.99%, both falling below the established thresholds for species delineation. Strain SPB1-3T was clearly distinguishable from related Lentilactobacillus species based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and whole genome analysis. Additionally, the strain exhibited radical scavenging activity at 66.92% and demonstrated 82.32% inhibition in the tyrosinase inhibitory assay. These findings support the classification of strain SPB1-3T as a novel species within the genus Lentilactobacillus, for which the name Lentilactobacillus terminaliae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SPB1-3T (=JCM 35081T=TISTR 10005T).

Assessing the speed of individual bacteria dispersing on mycelial networks

Abstract The movement of bacteria on the hyphae of fungi and other mycelial-forming organisms is an important process that determines their ability to actively disperse in water-unsaturated habitats. However, direct observation and characterization of bacterial cell movement on mycelial networks have been difficult to achieve. In this study, we developed a new method that uses high-speed video recording to track the dispersal of individual fluorescently tagged cells of two closely related strains of Pseudomonas putida (UWC1 and KT2440) over the mycelial network of the oomycete Pythium ultimum. We found high intra-population heterogeneity and between-population differences in dispersal speeds for the two bacterial strains. The fitting of the speed distribution functions led to the separation of speeds into two ranges (fast/slow) at an intersection of the fitted curves. In the lower speed range, the UWC1 strain dispersed faster, while the KT2440 strain moved faster in the higher speed range. This finding helps explain conflicting competition outcomes revealed in previous studies and suggests that population mean speed alone does not capture key aspects of bacterial dispersal in mycelial networks. Our new method opens the possibility of studying bacterial dispersal, competition, and other social interactions in spatially heterogeneous environments, such as soils.

Rapid detection assays for Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Brucella spp. via triplex-recombinase polymerase amplification.

Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis), Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis), and Brucella spp. are zoonotic bacteria that cause anthrax, plague, and brucellosis, respectively. Outbreaks typically occur in remote regions with poor transportation and limited laboratory testing. Therefore, a simple, sensitive, multiplex nucleic acid detection method is essential for effective disease management and control. Primers and probes for the three pathogens were designed to reduce interference from related strains. Three recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) reactions were conducted at 39°C for 10min to produce species-specific fluorescence signals for the three pathogens. These were integrated, and conditions were optimized for rapid, sensitive triplex-RPA assays without cross-reactivity. A triplex-RPA reaction with lateral flow dipsticks (LFDs) was developed and applied to blood samples, newly isolated strains, and simulated samples. Highly sensitive and specific primers and probes were developed, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 1 copy/µL in single-reaction RPA. The optimized triplex RPA detection technique, combined with fluorescence, effectively identified B. anthracis, Y. pestis, and Brucella spp. within 20min, whereas LFDs achieved detection in 10min. The assay also performed comparably to conventional polymerase chain reaction techniques when tested on blood samples, newly isolated strains, and simulated samples. This study offers reliable methods for detecting B. anthracis, Y. pestis, and Brucella spp. in rural hospitals and public health initiatives.

Dynamics of particle segregation and its impact on mechanical properties

Abstract Particle segregation is a widespread phenomenon in nature. Vertical vibration systems have been a focal point in studying particle segregation, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms and patterns that influence this process. However, despite extensive research on the mechanisms and patterns of particle separation, the consequences, particularly the mechanical properties of samples resulting from particle segregation, remain less understood. This study aims to investigate the segregation process of a binary mixture under vertical vibration and examine the consequences through monotonic and cyclic triaxial drained tests. The results reveal that large and small particles segregate nearly simultaneously, with more thorough separation observed for large particles. The segregation index, D s , effectively describes this evolution process, offering a quantitative metric for both mixing and segregation. Granular temperature analysis unveils three distinct states during segregation: solid-like, fluid-like, and solid–liquid transitional phase, corresponding to varying activity levels of particle segregation. Drained triaxial shear tests demonstrate the sensitivity of stress–strain relationships to the degree of segregation. Interestingly, ultimate strength is found to be essentially unrelated to the degree of segregation. When the segregation index approaches zero, signifying particles approaching a uniform distribution, the granular system reaches a harmonic state. This state exhibits optimal mechanical performance characterised by maximum peak stress, friction angle, and the highest elastic modulus. These findings underscore the potential impact of segregation on the mechanical response of granular mixtures and emphasise the necessity of a comprehensive understanding of particle segregation in soil mechanics.

Thermal and Mechanical Bifurcation Stability Analyses of Clamped Hybrid Dual-FG Composite Annular and Circular Plates

This research evaluates the thermal buckling of novel hybrid dual-functionally graded (dual-FG) composite annular and circular plates. This composite plate is made of FG polymeric matrix which is reinforced with graphene platelets (GPLs) fillers for better performance. The distribution of GPLs is assumed based on the various linear FG models. Modeling of this medium is conducted by means of a consecutive homogenization approach. In the first step, the Voigt micromechanical rule is employed to obtain the effective elasticity properties of the polymeric FG materials. In the next step, the homogenization of the medium comprised of polymeric FG materials as the matrix and GPLs as the reinforcements is performed using the Halpin–Tsai micromechanical rule. It should be mentioned that the distribution and orientation of fillers are assumed uniform and random within the composite medium. Moreover, the uniform temperature rise state within the immovable clamped plate is selected when the thermal stability is target. Besides, when the mechanical stability is considered, a movable clamped plate under uniform compressive loads is selected. The nonlinear equilibrium equations are derived by considering the exponential higher-order shear deformation theory and geometrically nonlinear von Kármán strain relations. Utilizing the adjacent-equilibrium criterion and appropriate linearization, the equations of pre-buckling path and bifurcation point are characterized. A semi-analytical method based on the generalized differential quadrature and trigonometric expansion approaches is implemented to solve them. After verifying the provided model and solution technique by comparing the present model with simpler studies, novel results are calculated. In obtaining the novel results, the effect of hybrid dual-FG composite characteristics in tuning the critical temperature or compressive loads of the system is completely examined.

New, Complete Circularized Genomes of Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae Produced from Short- and Long-Read Co-Assembly Shed Light on Strains that Emerged a Decade Ago on Mango and Cashew in Burkina Faso.

We report high-quality genomes of three strains of Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae, the causal agent of mango bacterial canker disease, including the pathotype strain of this pathovar and two strains from Burkina Faso that emerged a decade ago. These strains hosted two to three plasmids of sizes ranging from 19 to 86 kb. Genome mining revealed the presence of several secretion systems and effectors involved in the virulence of xanthomonads with (i) a type I secretion system of the hlyDB group; (ii) xps and xcs type II secretion systems; (iii) a type III secretion system with several type III effectors, including transcription activator-like effectors; (iv) several type IV secretion systems associated with plasmid or integrative conjugative elements mobility; (v) three type V secretion system subclasses (Va, Vb, and Vc); and (vi) a single i3* type VI secretion system. The two strains isolated in Burkina Faso from mango (Mangifera indica) and cashew (Anacardium occidentale) differed by only 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and shared identical secretion systems and type III effector repertoires. Several transcription activator-like effectors were identified in each strain, some of which may target plant genes previously found implicated in disease development in other xanthomonad-associated pathosystems. These results support the emergence in Burkina Faso a decade ago of very closely related strains that became epidemic on mango and cashew (i.e., two distinct host genera of a same plant family). These new genomic resources will contribute to better understanding the biology and evolution of this agriculturally major crop pathogen.

Preparation and Properties of Solid Propellant Adhesive System Based on Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Wax Thermoplastic Elastomer

ABSTRACTIn this study, an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/wax‐based thermoplastic propellant was prepared using a planetary mixer. High‐viscosity EVA was used as the thermoplastic elastomer, and either solid wax based on EVA oligomers or alternative liquid tributyl 2‐acetylcitrate (TBAC) were used as plasticizers to adjust its viscosity. This enhances the flow characteristics and reduces torque during the mixing process. Results: The addition of 30 wt.% wax significantly reduced the viscosity from 218.8 to 12.67 Pa s, whereas the addition of liquid TBAC did not lead to a significant reduction in the viscosity of EVA. Designed with different ratios of EVA/wax binder with a superior stress–strain relationship over polyurethane (PU). The EVA/wax‐based propellant has stable combustion characteristics at different combustion chamber pressures. St. Robert's Law provides an equation for the rate of combustion, and the performance parameters of the propellant derived from the internal ballistics simulation analysis are very valuable.

A constitutive model for coal gangue coarse-grained subgrade filler incorporating particle breakage

The accumulation and discharge amount of coal gangue are substantial, occupying significant land resources over time. Utilizing coal gangue as subgrade filler can generate notable economic and social benefits. Coal gangue coarse-grained soil (CGSF) was used to conduct a series of large-scale vibration compaction tests and large-scale triaxial tests. The results indicate that the maximum dry density of CGSF initially increases and then decreases with the increase in fractal dimension. The stress–strain curves of the samples exhibit a distinct nonlinear growth pattern. Analysis of the compaction effect suggests that the compaction degree of CGSF should not be lower than 93%. As the confining pressure increases, the extent of failure strength improvement due to increased compaction decreases. Additionally, the failure strength of samples initially increases and then decreases with the increase in coarse particle content. A modified quadratic polynomial fractal model gradation equation was proposed to describe the gradation of samples after particle breakage. Based on this, a new quantitative index for particle breakage was established. Analysis of particle breakage in samples revealed that higher confining pressure and greater coarse particle content lead to increased particle breakage. The breakage exhibited a significant size effect, and the impact of particle gradation on sample breakage was greater than that of confining pressure. The stress–strain relationship of CGSF was analyzed by using a logarithmic constitutive model, and the correlation between model parameters and the newly derived particle breakage index was generated. A constitutive model incorporating particle breakage for CGSF was established, and its accuracy was validated.

Genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related EHV-1 neuropathogenic 21P40 and abortigenic 97P70 strains.

Varicellovirus equidalpha 1, formerly known as Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), is highly prevalent and can lead to various problems, such as respiratory problems, abortion, neonatal foal death, and neurological disorders. The latter is known as equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Cases of EHM have significantly increased since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The genomic sequences of five isolates associated with the fatal neurological outbreak in Valencia, Spain, in 2021 were analyzed and documented. The genome and replication kinetics of the Belgian EHM isolate 21P40, associated with the Valencia outbreak, and the well-characterized abortigenic strain 97P70 were compared. Both strains exhibited a nucleotide identity of 99.96%, with only seven genetic mutations in ORFs 13, 24, 30, 32, 40, 65, and 71. Isoleucine and asparagine at loci 291 and 207 of ORF30 (DNA polymerase) and ORF65 (ICP22), respectively, were unique to isolates from the Valencia outbreak. The replication kinetics of these two genetically closely related strains were determined in rabbit kidney (RK-13), equine respiratory, and vaginal mucosal explant cells, as well as equine blood monocytes (CD172a+). Both strains replicated equally well in RK-13 cells. The neuropathogenic isolate 21P40 exhibited a more extensive infection in respiratory explants and blood monocytes, as demonstrated by more plaques and single infected leukocytes, and a higher percentage of infected monocytes. In contrast, vaginal explants infected with the abortigenic strain 97P70 demonstrated more plaques and single infected leukocytes. In conclusion, 21P40 replicated significantly different compared to 97P70 but shared similarities with the Belgian well-studied neuropathogenic EHV-1 strain 03P37.

Theoretical exploration of structural, electronic, elastic, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of MgCu4Sn intermetallic compound for engineering applications: first-principle calculations

The structural, electronic, elastic, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of the ternary MgCu4Sn intermetallic compound are investigated by means of first-principle calculations within density functional theory (DFT), in combination with the quasi-harmonic Debye model. Local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) are made for electronic exchange–correlation potential energy. The lattice constant is in good agreement with experimental data. We determine the elastic constant tensor of the compound from the calculated stress–strain relation in both approximations. Once the elastic constants are obtained, the bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young’s modulus E, Poisson’s ratio ν, anisotropy factor A, and the ratio B/G for MgCu4Sn compound were deduced using Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) approximation. The ground-state structure of MgCu4Sn is predicted to be thermodynamically and mechanically stable. The obtained band structure and density of states reveal metallic character of MgCu4Sn. The calculation results show also that this intermetallic crystal is a stiff, elastically anisotropic and ductile material. The Debye temperature is also determined from elastic constants. The temperature dependence of the constant volume heat capacity Cv, the entropy S, and the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient α in a quasi-harmonic approximation have been obtained from calculated energy E as a function of the volume V of a MgCu4Sn crystal and discussed for the first report.

Optimization and Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Crumb Rubber and Stainless-Steel Fibers Under Varying Temperatures

This research develops an equation to describe the relationship between stress (σ) and strain (ε) in concrete under different conditions. It includes important parameters from earlier studies to improve predictions of stress–strain behavior, especially for concrete with crumb rubber and stainless-steel fibers at various temperatures. The initial phase assessed three existing stress–strain formulas as a basis for optimization. Using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), a new equation was created to simulate the stress–strain relationship while considering temperature changes and material additions. Results showed that Formula (1), optimized with the WOA, performed much better than other polynomial and exponential formulas, proving the WOA’s effectiveness over the traditional GA. A comparison of the mechanical properties from experiments and those predicted by the new formula showed a high level of accuracy. Key properties like the maximum stress, strain at maximum stress, modulus of elasticity, and toughness were well captured. The findings highlight how temperature and material composition significantly affect concrete’s mechanical behavior. Overall, this research offers important insights into the factors influencing concrete performance, providing a solid framework for future studies and practical applications in engineering and construction. The proposed formula is a reliable tool for predicting concrete’s mechanical properties under various conditions, which aids in better modeling and optimization in concrete design.

Technostress, technosuffering, and relational strain: a multi-method qualitative study of how remote and digital work affects staff in UK general practice.

The introduction of remote and digital forms of working in UK general practice has driven the development of new routines and working styles. To explore and theorise how new forms of work have affected general practice staff. Multi-site, qualitative case study in UK general practice. Using longitudinal ethnography by researchers-in-residence, we followed 12 practices for 28 months (2021-2023). This core dataset was supplemented by workshops and stakeholder interviews. Data analysis applied theories from the sociology of work and socio-technical change. Staff made significant efforts to adapt to and embed digital services into their work. When technologies work well, they can offer improved convenience, efficiency, more comprehensive patient care, and workplace fulfilment for staff. However, for many clinical and administrative staff, compromises and frictions embedded in digitalised workplace routines and processes could also lead to job dissatisfaction, worsened wellbeing and misalignments with professional values and identities. We found that this workplace suffering caused relational strain between team members, impacting team cohesiveness and coordination. The digitalisation of working routines in UK general practice poses a unique challenge to the workforce, risking technostress, workplace suffering, and increased relational strain within and between teams. To embed the benefits of digitalisation, we must first improve practice teams' readiness for change, which includes strengthening practices' relational structures, which provide support during periods of adaptation. Practices must be empowered to determine a locally-appropriate configuration of digital tools and given the resources and time to adapt working routines.

Four novel nontuberculous mycobacteria species: Mycobacterium wendilense sp. nov., Mycobacterium burgundiense sp. nov., Mycobacterium kokjensenii sp. nov. and Mycobacterium holstebronense sp. nov. revived from a historical Danish strain collection.

Four novel nontuberculous mycobacteria were discovered from a historical strain collection at the International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology at Statens Serum Institut in Copenhagen, Denmark. Phylogenetic analysis combining the 16S rrs, internal transcribed spacer and 23S rrl elements, as well as a single-copy core-gene (hsp65, rpoB+C, secA and tuf) analysis of these freeze-dried mycobacteria, clinically isolated from gastric lavage samples between 1948 and 1955, showed to be associated with type strains grouping within the Terra and Fortuitum-Vaccae clade. Phenotypic characteristics, biochemical properties and fatty acid and mycolic acid profiles supported the classification as novel strains. A genomic comparison to the closest related type strain was done by calculating average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA:DNA hybridization values, which showed 87.9% and 33.0% for Mu0050, 85.2% and 27.4% for Mu0053, 85.3% and 27.6% for Mu0083 and 93.3% and 50.1% for Mu0102, respectively. The names proposed for the new species are Mycobacterium wendilense sp. nov. (Mu0050T=ITM 501390T=CCUG 77525T), Mycobacterium burgundiense sp. nov. (Mu0053T=ITM 501391T=CCUG 77526T), Mycobacterium kokjensenii sp. nov. (Mu0083T=ITM 501392T=CCUG 77527T) and Mycobacterium holstebronense sp. nov. (Mu0102T=ITM 501393T=CCUG 77528T).

Analysis of the Genomes and Adaptive Traits of Skermanella cutis sp. nov., a Human Skin Isolate, and the Type Strains Skermanella rosea and Skermanella mucosa.

The genus Skermanella comprises important soil bacteria that are often associated with the crop rhizospheres, but its physiological traits remain poorly understood. This study characterizes Skermanella sp. TT6T, isolated from human skin, with a focus on its metabolic and environmental adaptations. Genome sequencing and phylogenomic analyses revealed that the strain TT6T is most closely related to S. rosea M1T, with average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of 94.14% (±0.5%) and 64.7%, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis showed that the strains TT6T, S. rosea M1T and S. mucosa 8-14-6T share the Calvin cycle, and possess photosynthetic genes associated with the purple bacteria-type photosystem II. The strains TT6T and S. rosea M1T exhibited growth in a nitrogen-free medium under microaerobic conditions, which were generated in test tubes containing 0.1% soft agar. Under these conditions, with nitrate as a nitrogen source, S. rosea M1T formed gases, indicating denitrification. Strain TT6T also contains gene clusters involved in trehalose and carotenoid biosynthesis, along with salt-dependent colony morphology changes, highlighting its adaptive versatility. Genomic analyses further identified pathways related to hydrogenase and sulfur oxidation. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits of strain TT6T were also compared with closely related type strains, confirming its genotypic and phenotypic distinctiveness. The new species, Skermanella cutis sp. nov., is proposed, with TT6T (=KCTC 82306T = JCM 34945T) as the type strain. This study underscores the agricultural and ecological significance of the genus Skermanella.

Methylobacterium litchii sp. nov., Methylobacterium guangdongense sp. nov. and Methylorubrum subtropicum sp. nov., isolated from the phyllosphere of litchi.

Three aerobic, pink-pigmented, Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated SD21T, SI9T and SB2T, were isolated from the phyllosphere of healthy litchis collected from three main producing sites of Guangdong Province, PR China. The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that strains SD21T and SI9T belonged to the genus Methylobacterium (Mtb.) with the highest similarity to Mtb. komagatae DSM 19563T (98.7%) and Mtb. phyllosphaerae CBMB27T (99.8%), respectively, while strain SB2T belonged to the genus Methylorubrum (Mtr.) and showed the highest similarity to Mtr. suomiense DSM 14458T (98.6%). Phylogenomic analysis based on 92 core genes clearly showed that the most closely related type strains of SD21T, SI9T and SB2T were Mtb. komagatae DSM 19563T, Mtb. phyllostachyos ICMP 17619T and Mtr. salsuginis CGMCC 1.6474T, respectively. The ANI and dDDH values between the three isolates and their most closely related type strains were 85.6‒90.1% and 29.5‒40.4%, respectively, much below the threshold values for species delimitation. The isolates showed clear differences from their closely related type strains in terms of growth conditions, enzyme activities, substrates assimilation and contents of the major fatty acids. They all took summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) as the major fatty acid, ubiquinone 10 as the predominant respiratory quinone and phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine as the major polar lipids. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses with genome comparison strongly support that the isolates represent three distinct novel species within the genera of Methylobacterium and Methylorubrum, for which the names Methylobacterium litchii sp. nov., Methylobacterium guangdongense sp. nov. and Methylorubrum subtropicum sp. nov. are proposed, with SD21T (=GDMCC 1.4327T=KCTC 8300T), SI9T (=GDMCC 1.4329T=KCTC 8298T) and SB2T (=GDMCC 1.4328T=KCTC 8299T) as the type strains, respectively.

Reducing heat load density with asymmetric andinclined double-crystal monochromators: principles and requirements revisited.

xxxx Asymmetric double-crystal monochromators (aDCMs) and inclined DCMs (iDCMs) can significantly expand the X-ray beam footprint and consequently reduce the heat load density and gradient. Based on rigorous dynamical theory calculations, the major principles and properties of aDCMs and iDCMs are presented to guide their design and development, particularly for fourth-generation synchrotrons. In addition to the large beam footprint, aDCMs have very large bandwidths (up to ∼10 eV) and angular acceptance, but the narrow angular acceptance of the second crystal requires precise control of the relative orientations and strains. Based on Fourier coupled-wave diffraction theory calculations, it is rigorously proved that the iDCM has almost the same properties as the conventional symmetric DCM, including the efficiency, angular acceptance, bandwidth, tuning energy range and sensitivity to misalignment. The exception is that, for the extremely inclined geometry that can achieve very large footprint expansion, the iDCM has (beneficially) a larger bandwidth and wider angular acceptance. Inclined diffraction has the `rho-kick effect' that can be cancelled by the second reflection of the iDCM (even with misalignment), except that inhomogeneous strains may cause non-uniform rho-kick angles. At present, fabrication/mounting-induced strains pose low risk since they can be controlled to <0.5 µrad over large areas. The only uncertain challenge is the thermally induced strains, yet it is estimated that these strains are naturally lowered by the large footprint and may be further mitigated by optimized cryogenic cooling to the 1-2 µrad level. Overall, aDCMs and iDCMs have more stringent requirements than normal DCMs, but they are feasible schemes inpractice.

Jannaschia maritima sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium isolated from the biofilm of concrete breakwater structures.

Marine biofilms were newly revealed as a bank of hidden microbial diversity and functional potential. In this study, a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, oval and non-motile bacterium, designated LMIT008T, was isolated from the biofilm of concrete breakwater structures located in the coastal area of Shantou, PR China. Strain LMIT008T was found to grow at salinities of 1-7% NaCl, at pH 5-8 and at temperatures 10-40 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LMIT008T belonged to the genus Jannaschia and was closely related to the type strains Jannaschia aquimarina KCTC23555T (96.03%) and Jannaschia marina SHC-163T (95.31%). The draft genome size of the strain LMIT008T was 3.67 Mbp, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 69.83 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value between strain LMIT008T and the closely related type strain J. aquimarina KCTC23555T was 74.82%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c) and C18 : 0, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. Ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) is the sole respiratory quinone. Further, genomic analysis of strain LMIT008T showed that the strain harbours abundant genes associated with biofilm formation and environmental adaption, explaining the potential strategies for living on concrete breakwater structures. Based on the morphological, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization, the strain LMIT008T was considered to represent a novel species in the genus of Jannaschia, for which the name Jannaschia maritima sp. nov. was proposed, with LMIT008T (=MCCC 1K08854T=KCTC 8321T) as the type strain.

Characterization of a highly pathogenic porcine Teschoviruses 5 emerged in Western China.

Porcine teschovirus (PTV) is a devastating virus that targets the central nervous system and led to great economic losses in Europe between the 1920s and 1960s. Since 1973, PTV variants with lower pathogenicity have been prevalent globally, whereas highly pathogenic PTV strains have rarely emerged. In 2022, diarrhea with high mortality occurred on a pig farm in Gansu China. Virome analysis revealed that PTV was enriched among diarrheal samples. A PTV strain was then isolated and characterized by TEM, IFA, and growth kinetic features. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolate shared an identity of approximately 90% with the most related PTV strain and with various mutant clusters among VP1. Further animal tests demonstrated that the isolate can result in serious respiratory distress, watery diarrhea, paralysis and high mortality in challenged pigs. H&E staining revealed the presence of lymphocyte cells infiltration and hemorrhage in the tissues. Overall, a PTV variant with high mortality was identified in western China, which could result in interstitial pneumonia, hemorrhage, and diarrhea. Although most PTV strains are associated with asymptomatic infection now, the sporadic occurrence of highly pathogenic PTVs is worthy of alarm.

Multi-scale finite element analysis of the strengthening and damage behavior of carbides with different characteristics in nickel-based superalloys

This study proposes a novel multi-scale numerical approach to explore the mechanical behavior and damage evolution in nickel (Ni)-based superalloys containing various carbide particles. At the nanoscale, the elastic properties of two distinct carbides are determined using first-principles calculations. At the microscale, finite element simulations (FEM) in ABAQUS are used to analyze the stress–strain relationship and local stress distribution within a three-dimensional representative volume element, as well as damage and fracture behavior. The model integrates the elastic–plastic response of the Ni matrix, the elastic-brittle fracture of micro-scale carbides, and the interface behavior between carbide and matrix. FEM findings are consistent with tensile test data, indicating that skeletal carbide promotes plasticity while blocky carbide elevates strength. The interface between blocky carbide and matrix is susceptible to cracking. When the carbide is oriented at 45° to the load direction, offering a balance of strength and plasticity. Stress concentration is reduced when carbides are uniformly distributed and present in high-volume fractions. The numerical method is well-suited for a thorough analysis of the comprehensive behavior of reinforced phase/metal-matrix composites.

Description of Hyphococcus formosus sp. nov. and Hyphococcus lacteus sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment, and reclassification of Marinicaulis flavus as Hyphococcus luteus nom. nov. and Marinicaulis aureus as Hyphococcus aureus comb. nov.

During a study on sediment bacterial diversity in coastal China, three bacterial strains, DH-69T, EH-24, and ECK-19T, were isolated from coastal sediments off Xiaoshi Island, Weihai. These strains were Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, and coccoid to rod-shaped with prosthecae and flagella. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene showed that they shared the highest identity values with Hyphococcus flavus MCCC 1K03223T (96.2-97.6%), followed by Marinicaulis flavus SY-3-19T (95.2-96.8%) and Marinicaulis aureus HHTR114T (95.2-96.2%). Genome comparisons using average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) suggested that the three novel strains and the three related strains belonged to the same genus, with strains DH-69T, EH-24, and ECK-19T identified as two distinct novel species. Pan-genome analysis revealed that 995 core genes were shared among 23 Hyphococcus genomes/MAGs. Secondary metabolites analysis identified a biosynthesis gene cluster for microsclerodermin, a potent antifungal peptide, in the novel strains. Moreover, these newly isolated strains were detected in various ecosystems, with a particular prevalence in marine environments, based on analysis of 500,048 amplicon datasets, underscoring their ecological preference. Based on polyphasic characterizations, strains DH-69T and EH-24 represent a novel species of the genus Hyphococcus, for which the name Hyphococcus formosus sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain DH-69T (= MCCC 1H00436T=KCTC 8010T). Strain ECK-19T represents another novel Hyphococcus species, for which the name Hyphococcus lacteus sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain ECK-19T (= MCCC 1H00435T=KCTC 8009T). Furthermore, Marinicaulis flavus and Marinicaulis aureus are proposed to be reclassified as Hyphococcus luteus nom. nov. and Hyphococcus aureus comb. nov., respectively, accompanied by an emended description of the genus Hyphococcus.