Straight-run Diesel Fraction Research Articles

Room Temperature Ultrafast Oxidative Desulfurization with Sodium Hypochlorite in the Presence of Silica-Supported Catalysts.

A series of silica-supported catalysts containing molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium oxides as the active phase was investigated in the process of oxidative desulfurization with sodium hypochlorite. It was shown for the first time that catalysts containing vanadium oxide as the active phase are more stable under oxidation conditions with sodium hypochlorite and retain their effectiveness at increased dosages of the oxidant and at high initial sulfur contents. The catalysts were characterized in detail by a complex of methods: Fourier transform infrared, X-ray spectral fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption. Key factors affecting the oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) were investigated: oxidant and catalyst amount, oxidation time, initial sulfur content, and acetonitrile amount. Under optimized conditions, the DBT conversion rate was 100% in 5 min at room temperature (25 °C), NaClO/S molar ratio 6:1, catalyst amount 2 wt %. In the real sample of the straight-run diesel fraction, the sulfur content was reduced from 10,100 to 3030 ppm. The V(10%)/SiO2 catalyst retains its activity for 5 oxidation-regeneration cycles.

Получение компонентов моторных топлив переработкой смесей прямогонной дизельной фракции и подсолнечного масла на цеолитном катализаторе

The development of processes for the co-processing of vegetable oils and petroleum hydrocarbons, the purpose of which is to production components of motor-fuels, is an important direction in the development of the fuel and energy industry. An important stage in the planning and implementation of such processes is the selection of a catalyst. Recently, zeolites of various structures and modifications have become very popular as catalysts. In this work, processing on a zeolite catalyst of the ZSM-5 type of a straight-run diesel fraction and a blend of a diesel fraction with 50% vol. sunflower oil, were implementation. Regularities of the effect of sunflower oil involvement in processing on a zeolite catalyst on the composition and properties of the obtained products are revealed. It has been established that the products of joint processing of sunflower oil and straight-run diesel fraction on a zeolite catalyst meet to the arctic brand of diesel fuel in terms of low-temperature properties. It is shown that the obtained product of processing on zeolite is a promising blending component for the production of low-freezing diesel fuels. The received results indicate the feasibility of joint processing of vegetable oils and straight-run diesel fractions on zeolite catalysts. The involvement of vegetable oils in processing will expand the pool of feedstock for the production of motor-fuel components.

INVESTIGATION OF ANTI-CORROSION PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FRACTION, CONTAINING 1,3-DIPHENYLTRIAZENE

The article considers the possibility of expanding the range of chemicals that exhibit their high anti-corrosion properties in hydrocarbons and can be used as additives to motor fuels through the use of 1,3-diphenyltriazene. This substance belongs to the class of diazocompounds and its anticorrosive properties are determined by the adsorption capacity in contact with the metal surface, due to the presence in the molecule of nitrogen-containing active groups that form a donor-acceptor (coordination) bond with the metal surface.
 Studies of anticorrosive properties were performed on metal plates (copper and steel, grade 3), located in the model environment, which consisted of straight-run diesel fraction (240-350 ° C) obtained from gas condensate with the addition of 1% of the mass. 1,3-diphenyltriazene in which was injected 0.1% of the mass. a solution of 97% acetic acid or 0.5% of the mass. aqueous solution of 10% NaCl. The anticorrosive properties of the specified model environment were studied both in static (soft) conditions at 20 ° C, periodic stirring at a speed of 100 rpm. for 90 days, and in dynamic (hard) conditions at 50 ° C, continuous stirring at a speed of 500 rpm, aeration 1.5 dm3 / min for 120 hours.
 It was found that in those samples where there was 1% of the mass. 1,3-diphenyltriazene on the surface of metal plates formed a protective film, as evidenced by the change in color of the metal plate, and the absence of signs of corrosion on the surface, as well as a slight increase in its mass (within 0.0002 ÷ 0.0003 g). In samples where there was no 1,3-diphenyltriazene corrosion rate (Km), for mild study conditions was 0.94 × 10-4 ÷ 5.16 × 10-4 g / (m2 × h), for harsh study conditions - 0.56 × 10-2 ÷ 1.07 × 10-2 g / (m2 × year).
 The approach proposed by the authors, which takes into account the complex action of several factors (temperature, mixing, aeration and the presence of corrosive agents), allows to adequately, close to the conditions that may arise during the actual operation of facilities, to assess the effectiveness of one or another chemical to protect against corrosion of metal surfaces.

Research of the residual content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the composition of diesel fuel after extraction cleaning

In paper the results of luminescent studies mixture of the straight-run diesel fraction with the product secondary oil refining — light gas oil coking at a mass ratio of components of 70:30% of the masses and raffinates obtained by extraction purification of the indicated feedstock with N-methylpyrrolidone and an ionic liquid - N-methylpyrrolidoneacetate synthesized based on N- methylpyrrolidone and acetic acid have been presented. A series of studies has established a relatively high extraction ability of the ionic liquid, compared with N-methylpyrrolidone. Since under similar conditions of selective purification using the specified ionic liquid as the extractant, bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are almost completely removed from the composition of the test mixture of the diesel fraction. Keywords: raffinate; luminescent studies; extraction purification; UV spectral analysis; ionic liquid; N-methylpyrrolidone.

Sulfur containing mixed wastes in anaerobic processing by new immobilized synthetic consortia

Methanogenic biotransformation of unusual substrates (sulfur (S)-containing wastes: non-purified vacuum gas oil, straight-run gasoline fraction (Naphtha), gas condensate, and straight-run diesel fraction) coming from oil industry after their oxidative desulfurization was investigated. Nitrogen-containing wastes (hydrolysates of chicken manure and Chlorella vulgaris biomass) were added as co-substrates to mixture with oil industry wastes. The 100 % conversion of S-organic compounds to inorganic sulfide accumulated in the reaction liquid medium was achieved with simultaneous production of biogas containing high methane percent (greater than 70 %). Polishing of effluents from methane tank was carried out by denitrifying oxidation of ammonium (DEAMOX). The high process efficiency was due to use of original immobilized artificial consortia at the stage of methanogenesis and DEAMOX. This study reveals the real potential in the processing of very complex mixtures of large-scale wastes, usually inhibiting methanogenesis, by developing biocatalysts based on synthetic biology approaches.

Investigation of Co-processing of the Straight-Run Diesel Fraction and Sunflower Oil over a Zeolite Catalyst of ZSM-5 Type

Investigation of Co-processing of the Straight-Run Diesel Fraction and Sunflower Oil over a Zeolite Catalyst of ZSM-5 Type

OBTAINING DIESEL FUEL WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIES

It is known that one of the ways to increase the level of operational properties of diesel fuels is the injection of special components – additives – into their composition. Today this way is a quite rational and economically feasible for Ukraine, especially in the absence of high-quality oil raw materials for the production of fuels, which in turn leads to a significant dependence on imports.
 The range of additives used in diesel fuels is very diverse, which makes it difficult to select a balanced package, especially considering their effectiveness and compatibility with each other. This procedure can be a bit simplified by adding poly-functional additives to diesel fuel, the use of which is devoted to a lot of periodical literature.
 Based on the relevance of the direction of scientific research related to improving the properties of diesel fuel, which is produced at the enterprises of the oil refining industry in Ukraine, we proposed to use a substance belonging to the class of aromatic diazocompounds and having polyfunctional properties in the composition of diesel fuels. Thus, this additive was added to a straight-run diesel fraction (240–350 °C) in an amount of up to 1.0%, followed by a study of the properties of the resulting mixture. Studies have shown that the additive significantly improves low-temperature properties (by -10 °C), contributes to an increase in fuel density and viscosity, and additionally gives diesel fuel a stable color (from yellow to orange). Consequently, it can be used in the composition of commercial diesel fuels with improved performance properties.

STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION OF DIESEL FUEL IN THE PRESENCE OF CO-CATALYSTS

Continuous growth in consumption of oil in the world, as well as ever-increasing quality requirements stimulate the search for new scientific and technological solutions to directionally affect the characteristics of petroleum products, including their chemical composition. The advantages of oxidative desulfurization before hydrotreating are the absence of the need to use hydrogen, as well as small capital and energy costs, since the method does not require high temperatures and pressures. The purpose of this work was to study the oxidation process of diesel fuel and to search for the optimal mode of oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel in the presence of transition metals salts with the addition of mineral acids. The object of the study is a straight-run diesel fraction of the Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant with boiling temperatures of 180-350°C. The oxidation process was carried out with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of salts of the transition metals molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten. The article defined the basic physico-chemical characteristics of straight-run and desulfurized diesel fractions. The optimal catalyst (Na2MoO4) was selected at a molar ratio of metal to sulfur of 1:100 for the oxidation process of straight-run diesel fractions. As a result of oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel in the presence of sodium molybdenum perox complexes, the total sulfur content decreased by 42.9%, and with the addition of sulfuric acid by 56.5%. An increase in the cetane index from 56.3 to 58.6 was revealed in the presence of sodium molybdate with the addition of sulfuric acid.

Study on Chemistry of Oxidative Desulfurization Process of High Sulfur Straight-Run Oil Fraction

In the article the chemistry of the noncatalytic oxidative desulfurization process of distillate oil fractions is analyzed. The study involves the characteristics of high-sulfur straight-run diesel fraction of narrow composition (593–623 K) before and after oxidation by air at 453–493 K and a pressure of 3.0 MPa. The composition of sulfur compounds in the raw material fraction was determined. It is shown that straight-run fractions of raw materials may also contain sulfoxides, which are products of oxidation of organosulfur compounds and are formed during storage of petroleum products. On the basis of IR spectroscopic studies of raw materials, oxidized products and model mixtures, the transformation depth of fr. 593–623 K sulfur compounds, which are distributed in the form of sulfones and sulfoxides in solid and liquid oxidation products, and partially remain in the purified fuel, was analyzed in the above-mentioned process.

Method for producing low-viscosity marine fuel oil

Low-viscosity marine fuel oil that is obtained from the products of residual raw materials and middle distillate fractions of oil is intended for use in ship engines instead of a diesel fuel. A real-world application of this new composition is of great importance A proposed new composition of low-viscosity marine fuel oil is created by compounding a mixture of oil distillates in accordance with the following parameters. The oil distillate mixture should contain a vacuum distillate fraction 420-490°C, a vacuum distillate fraction 350-420°C and a straight-run diesel fraction 180-350°C taken in certain ratios. This study presents the new fuel composition and its technical advantages over previous analogues. The benefits include improvements in the coking properties and storage stability due to the stability in the pour point indicator.

HYDROPROCESSING OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS OVER MODIFIED ALUMINIUM OXIDE CATALYSTS

The hydro processing of gasoline and diesel oil fractions over aluminum-nickel-molybdenum catalysts modified by additives HY, ZSM-5, phosphorus and rare earth elements were studied. At the hydro processing of straight-run gasoline over NiO-MoO3- Ce2О3-Р2О5–ZSM(30%)-Al2O3 the content of isoalkanes increases in comparison with the initial from 26.3 to 35.7- 38.3% at 320-400оС. The octane number of refined gasoline at 400оС is 83.7 (RON) and 69.7 (MON). The sulfur content decreases from 0.037% (initial gasoline) to 0.0022%. At hydro processing of straight-run gasoline over NiO-MoO3-La2О3-Р2О5-ZSM-Al2O3 in the range of 320–400 oC the content of isoalkanes is 30.7- 44.3%. The octane number of refined gasoline at 400oC is maximum and is equal to 91.8 (RON) and 72.4 (MON). Under these conditions the sulfur content decreases from 0.0092% to 0.0028%. The optimal conditions for the hydro processing of straight-run gasoline were revealed: T=400˚С, V=2 h-1, Р = 4.0MPa. The catalyst NiO-MoO3-La2О3-Р2О5-ZSM-HY-Al2O3 has the highest hydro desulfurizing activity, the residual sulfur content at 400oС is 0.0012%. The catalyst NiO-MoO3-La2О3-Р2О5-ZSM-Al2O3 has the highest hydro desulfurizing activity. At hydro processing of straight-run diesel fraction on this catalyst under optimal conditions the sulfur content decreases from 0.6400 % to 0.0740 % and during hydro processing of a straight-run diesel fraction with a higher sulfur content 0.8042% - up to 0.053%, which, apparently, is associated with the presence in the feedstock of various types of organosulfur compounds. The lowest pour point and cloud point under optimal conditions reaches minus 39.6oС and minus 30.5oС respectively. Thus, developed modified zeolite-containing catalysts for the hydro processing of gasoline and diesel fractions carry out hydro processing, hydro isomerization and hydrogenation in one stage. The developed catalysts make possible to obtain high-octane low-sulfur gasoline and low-solidification low-sulfur diesel fuel.

Identification of hydrocarbon compositions of diesel fractions and assessment of their effect on fuel operational characteristics

Using the chromatography-mass spectrometric method of analysis the group hydrocarbon compositions of straight-run and hydro-dewaxed diesel fractions have been determined. The effects of hydrocarbons on the physicochemical and operational properties of the fractions were analyzed and compared with the requirements of the standard for winter diesel fuels. The molecular-mass distribution of normal paraffin hydrocarbons was considered in detail, as well as their relationship with the low-temperature properties of the fractions. The aromatic compounds were analyzed in the two-dimensional chromatography method. It was found that naphthalene hydrocarbons predominated in the straight-run diesel fraction, and benzene and indan derivatives dominated in the hydro-dewaxed fraction. It was proved by chromatographic analysis. For the straight-run and hydro-dewaxed diesel fractions optimal concentrations of a cetane-raising additive have been determined, which enable to achieve the requirements of standards for diesel fuels.

Refining of Diesel and Ship Fuels by Extraction and Combined Methods. Part 2. Use of Organic Solvents as Extractants

The review deals with extraction refining of straight-run diesel fractions, atmospheric gasoil, gasoils from secondary oil refining processes (decelerated coking, visbreaking, catalytic cracking), and light and heavy vacuum gasoils to remove heteroatomic sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds, polycyclic arenes, and resins using selective organic solvents and extraction systems with a nonpolar solvent. Possible methods for extraction regeneration and extract application fields are considered.

Influence of the Method of Boron Introduction on the Formation and Activity of Hydrotreatment Catalysts

Experimental data on the effect of the method of introducing boron and Ni(Co) and Mo compounds on the physicochemical properties and hydrodesulfurization activity of catalysts in the hydrotreatment of straight-run diesel fraction are presented. The dependence of the hardness of grains, their specific surface area, spectral and microstructural characteristics on the method of preparation of catalyst samples containing 0.7–0.8 wt % B2O3 was determined.

NiWS/Al2O3 Diesel Fraction Deep Hydrotreating Catalyst Synthesized Using Mesostructured Aluminum Hydroxide

On the basis of alumina synthesized via addition of mesostructured aluminum hydroxide gel, which is prepared by the hydrolysis of secondary aluminum butoxide in the presence of triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 to the AlOOH commercial powder, and the commercial reference sample, NiWS/Al2O3 catalysts are prepared using H3PW12O40 heteropolyacid and nickel citrate. The physicochemical properties of the supports and catalysts are studied by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic properties are investigated in the process of straight-run diesel fraction hydrotreating in a flow unit. It is shown that the use of the synthesized alumina as a catalyst support leads to an increase in the dispersity of nanosized particles of the NiWS active phase. The catalytic activity in targeted reactions also grows appreciably. The causes of these phenomena are discussed.

Functional influence of depressor and depressor-dispersant additives on marine fuels and their distillates components

The influence of depressant and depressant-dispersing additives injection in the amount of less than 0.75% on low-temperature properties of marine fuels and their distillate compounds is presented in this research paper. As tested components were used the following industry-derived components: hydrotreated straight-run diesel fraction (HSRDF), ultra-low sulfur content hydro-creaking diesel fuel (ULSDH), light gas oil delayed coking and light gas oil catalytic creaking (LGODC and LGOCC), light vacuum gas oil (LVGO) and visbreaker residue (VR). As marine fuels samples the compounds based on described above components were used. The influence of the following additives was studied: SEVILEN 11606-40, KOLTEK DN 3149, Dodiflow 5934 and DPN-172.

Hydrotreating of Mixtures of Straight-Run Diesel Fraction with Coker Gas Oil over Modified Co(Ni)-Mo/Al2O3Catalysts

The effect from the P2O5 introduction on the activity of Co(Ni)-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts in hydrotreating reactions of petroleum feedstock was examined. As support served γ-Al2O3, prepared from aluminum hydroxide AlOOH powder TH-60 (Sasol), with the following textural characteristics: SBET = 205 m2/g, Vpore = 0.682 cm3/g, Reff = 48 A. In order to optimize the amount of the modifier the catalyst samples were modified with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 wt % P2O5. The support was impregnated with an aqueous solution of H3PO4, and this was followed by drying and calcination. The modified supports were impregnated with an aqueous solution of the active phase precursors. The catalyst samples were examined by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia; they were sulfided before the tests. Their catalytic properties were studied in a micro-flow bench-scale reactor under hydrogen pressure in the hydrotreating reactions of mixtures of straight-run diesel fraction with light coker gas oil and of straight-run diesel fraction with catalytically cracked light gas oil. The activities of the catalysts were determined in hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation reactions. After the test the catalysts were subjected to differential thermal analysis in combination with thermogravimetry (DTA-TGA). The relationship between the acidity of the oxide form of the catalysts and the catalyst activity in hydrogenation reactions was demonstrated. The influence of the amount of the modifier introduced on the catalyst activity and the content of coke on the catalysts after the test was elucidated.

Oxidative Desulfurization of Straight-Run Diesel Fraction

Oxidative desulfurization of straight-run nonhydrotreated diesel fraction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Na2MoO4 or Na2WO4, dibenzyl peroxide, and potassium permanganate; by air bubbling; and in the presence of ionic liquids has been studied. The oxidation products have been recovered from the oxidized diesel fraction using alumina, silica gel, or activated charcoal or via extraction with acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, or acetone. The best results of the diesel desulfurization have been achieved in the case of dibenzyl peroxide as an oxidizing agent in the presence of Na2MoO4.

Use of a Dual-Bed System for Producing Diesel Fuel from a Mixture of Straight-Run Diesel and Rapeseed Oil over Sulfide Catalysts

A dual-bed catalytic system including MoS2/Al2O3 and Co–MoS2/Al2O3 catalysts is proposed for the process of production of diesel fuel with the sulfur content of less than 10 ppm from a straight-run diesel fraction containing 10–45 wt % rapeseed oil. The conversion of rapeseed oil to alkanes proceeds in the MoS2/Al2O3 catalyst bed via the route of “direct” hydrodeoxygenation without the formation of carbon oxides, and the hydrodesulfurization of the diesel fraction occurs in the bed of the Co–MoS2/Al2O3 hydrotreating catalyst. Using this system provides an increase in the yield of diesel fuel and a decrease in the formation of greenhouse gases in comparison with conventional Co(Ni)–MoS2/Al2O3 catalysts.

Immobilized ionic liquids based on molybdenum- and tungsten-containing heteropoly acids: Structure and catalytic properties in thiophene oxidation

Comparative analysis of heterogeneous catalysts for the peroxide oxidation of thiophene is conducted. The catalysts are imidazole ionic liquids (ILs) containing anions of phosphomolybdic and phosphotungstic acids immobilized on mineral supports. Immobilization is implemented by the covalent bonding of an IL fragment to a silica surface or by adsorption on alumina. The catalysts are active not only in the model oxidation of thiophene in isooctane, but also in the desulfurization of a straight-run diesel fraction and the “synthetic crude oil” derived from oil shale.