Equation Of Straight Line Research Articles

A highly selective and simple fluorescent probe for salbutamol detection based on thioglycolic acid-capped CdTe quantum dots.

In this paper, a highly fluorescent water-soluble CdTe quantum dots (CdTe QDs) stabilized with thioglycolic acid (TGA) were synthesized for the quantitative and selective determination of salbutamol (SAL). When ten different of 2.09×10-6 mol L-1 alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist were added to 4.38×10-4 mol L-1CdTe QDs solution, the fluorescence signal of the CdTe QDs quenched obviously by SAL with 57.32% and 0.815% - 7.00% for other nine kinds of veterinary medicine, such as tulobuterol, fenoterol, phenylethanamine A, simatero, penbutolol, clenbuterol, ractopamine, terbutaline and clorprenaline. The result shows that the CdTe QDs is highly sensitive sensor for SAL. The quenching mechanism has been investigated by absorption spectroscopy and KSV at different temperatures, and shew a static quenching process than dynamic quenching. Under the optimal conditions, respectively the straight line equation (F0/F=0.1491×106 C+1.3078) was found between the relative fluorescence intensity and the concentration of SAL was in the range of 6.27×10-8 to 2.09×10-7 mol L-1, and the limit of detection was 4.2×10-8 mol L-1. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of SAL in pig urine samples.

The abstraction process of junior high school students

The background of this study is in fact that students’ abstraction process still low in geometry. Straight-line equations are a prerequisite in understanding geometry material further. Therefore, the objective of this study is to measure the process of student abstraction in straight line equations. The population in this study are Eight Graders from one of the junior high schools in Cimahi City, with the selection of research subjects, namely schools in the medium cluster category in Cimahi City. and the samples in this study are 3 students that categorized on high, medium and low abilities. This research is a descriptive qualitative study. The instrument of the research is a test that is analysed to see and measure the student’s abstraction process which appears in straight line equations. The results of the analysis and observations show that the abstraction process from 3 students who categorized based on high, medium and low ability, shows different ability on abstraction process on the criteria of verbal reasoning, numerical ability, and abstract reasoning. Students with high ability category have high variable reasoning ability, high numerical ability and high abstract reasoning as well. While students with medium abilities have high variable reasoning abilities, moderate numerical abilities and medium abstract reasoning. For students with low ability categories have low variable reasoning ability, moderate numerical ability and low abstract reasoning. So this process of abstraction can be seen from students with high ability categories. As for students of medium and low ability, need more guidance so that their abstraction process can improve.

Determination of quifenadine by HPLC method in blood

Topicality. Quifenadine hydrochloride (phencarol) – quinuclidinyl-3-diphenyl carbinol hydrochloride – first generation H1-histamine receptor blocker. The drug reduces the content of histamine in tissues due to the activation of the enzyme diamine oxidase, which breaks down up to 30 % of tissue histamine. Quifenadine hydrochloride is superior to diphenhydramine in duration of antihistamine action. Unlike diphenhydramine and diprazine, quifenadine does not inhibit the CNS, is characterized by weak sedative properties. Quifenadine hydrochloride can be used in the development of tolerance to other sedative antihistamines. Quifenadine hydrochloride is used to treat anaphylactic shock, urticaria, hay fever, Quincke’s edema, dermatoses, allergic rhinitis, food and drug allergies. In case of overdose of quifenadine hydrochloride causes dryness of the mucous membranes, headache, vomiting, stomach pain and dyspepsia. At high doses, it can affect the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys. Detection and quantification of quifenadine hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals and biological matrices during treatment are based on the choice of highly sensitive and selective research methods, which is an urgent task for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment of the population with antihistamines and diagnosis of drug intoxication.Aim. To develop an algorithm for directed analysis of quifenadine in biological extracts from blood using a unified method of HPLC research.Materials and methods. The extraction of quifenadine was carried out with chloroform at pH 9.0. The extracts were purified from impurities by a combination of TLC and extraction with hexane. TLC purification and identification of quifenadine were carried out under optimal conditions: system of organic solvents – chloroform-n-butanol-25 % solution of ammonium hydroxide (70:40:5) and chromatographic plates – Sorbfil PTLC-AF-A. For the detection of quifenadine, the most sensitive location reagents were used – UV light (λ = 254 nm) and reagent Dragendorff in the modification of Mounier. Chromatographic analysis has been carried out on a microcolumn liquid chromatograph “Milichrome A-02” (EkoNova, Closed Joint-Stock Company, Novosibirsk, Russia) using standardized HPLC conditions: reversed-phase variant with the use of metal column with non-polar absorbent Prontosil 120-5C 18 AQ, 5 μm; mobile phase in the mode of linear gradient – from eluent А (5 % acetonitrile and 95 % buffer solution – 0.2 М solution of lithium perchlorate in 0.005 М solution acid perchloric) to eluent B (100 % acetonitrile) as during 40 min. Regeneration of column has been conducted during 2 min with mixture of solvents; the flow rate of the mobile phase has been formed 100 μl/min, injection volume – 4 μl. Multichannel detection of the substance was carried out using a two-beam multi-wave UV spectrophotometer at 8 wavelengths of 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 280, and 300 nm; the optimal value of column temperature – 37-40 °С and pressure of pump – 2.8-3.2 MPa.Results and discussion. Isolation of quifenadine from blood has been carried out according to the developed method, including extraction with chloroform at pH 9.0; extraction purification of extracts with hexane from impurities; TLC purification and identification of quifenadine. By using a unified HPLC method, quifenadine was identified by retention parameters and spectral ratios. For quantitative determination, a calibration graph or a straight line equation corresponding to this graph were used. The obtained results indicated the reliability and reproducibility of the method. It was found that the relative uncertainty of the average result in the analysis of quifenadine in blood was e = ± 6.65 %, the relative standard deviation of the average result was RSDx = 2.25%.Conclusions. Quifenadine was extracted with chloroform at pH 9,0 from blood. Purification of extracts from co-extractive compounds was performed by combining TLC and extraction with hexane. It was established that when isolating quifenadine from blood according to the developed methods it is possible to allocate 32.5-37.6 % of substance (e = ± 6.65 %, RSDx = 2.25 %). The method of TLC purification and identification of quifenadine in biogenic extracts was tested under optimal conditions: system of organic solvents – chloroform-n-butanol-25 % solution of ammonium hydroxide (70:40:5), location reagents – UV light, reagent Dragendorff in the modification of Mounier, Rf quifenadine = 0.25-0.30 (Sorbfil PTLC-AF-A). The unified HPLC method for identification and quantification of quifenadine has been tested in biogenic extracts from blood according to the developed algorithm of directed analysis. It was found that quifenadine can be identified by retention time – 20.27 ± 0.03 min; retention volume 2026.9 ± 0.34 μl; spectral ratios – 0.634; 0.255; 0.041; 0.022; 0.027; 0.001; 0.001. Equation was used to determine the quifenadine content S = 0.42·10-3 С + 0.94·10-3 the correlation coefficient was equal to 0.9985.Chromatographic techniques can be recommended for implementation in practice of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, poison control centers, clinical laboratories regarding the study of medicinal substances in biological objects.

Analysis of hydration kinetics and strength progress in cement–slag binary composites

Slag is an industry by-product of steel-making factories that is widely found in the concrete industry. This study shows a framework for evaluating the hydration heat, reaction amount, and strength progress of cement–slag binary composites. First, a test is conducted to measure the isothermal hydration heat of slag composite paste at various temperatures. Based on the experimental results with cumulative hydration heat, the coefficients of the kinetic reaction type of slag were determined. In addition, the reaction quantity of slag was calculated utilizing a slag reaction model. It is found that the reaction amount of slag is significantly improved at elevated temperatures. The reaction quantity of slag decreases with an increasing content of slag. Second, using the reaction quantity of slag and cement, a straight-line equation is created for evaluating the strength progress of binary composites. The strength progress model applies to a number of slag substitution ratios and curing temperatures. The hydration-based strength model shows better analysis results than maturity-based models.

Interactive learning media based on MySQL technology in mathematics

Interactive learning media is one of the factors supporting success in the learning process. This study aims to develop interactive learning media based on MySQL technology and to determine the feasibility of media developed for 8th-grade students on straight line equation material. This system works by using a web application. The population in this study were all 8B grade students at MTs Negeri 7 Kediri odd semester 2019/2020. The model used in this study is the ADDIE model which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The first step is analyzing students ‘difficulties, the second step is designing an appropriate learning program, the third step is developing learning media, the fourth step is implementing learning media for students, and the last step is evaluating students’ abilities by giving tests. The results showed that the interactive learning media had fulfilled the validity, practicality, and effectiveness aspects so that the media was appropriate to be used.

TINGKAT BERPIKIR KREATIF PESERTA DIDIK DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA OPEN ENDED BERDASARKAN GAYA KOGNITIF REFLEKTIF DAN IMPULSIF

This study aims to determine the level of creative thinking of students in solving math problems. This type of research is a verification qualitative research. The research subjects were eight people, the first grade students of Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh UIN. Subject selection was made based on the Matching Familiar Figure Test (MFFT), namely four reflective students and four impulsive students. The research data were obtained from the research subjects' written answers, namely the mathematics creative thinking test (TBKM) and the results of the interview. To test the credibility of the data the researcher triangulated. In this study, the triangulation used was the method triangulation by comparing TBKM and interviews. Students' creative thinking skills can be seen based on the achievement of mathematical creative thinking indicators. The results of the study are as follows, the reflective subject's creative thinking level 1 on compound interest calculation material is level 4, which meets four indicators of fluency, novelty, flexibility, and elaboration, the creative thinking level of reflective subject 1 on the straight-line equation related to supply and demand functions is the level 3 namely meeting the three indicators of fluency, flexibility, and elaboration. The reflective subject's creative thinking level 2 on compound interest calculation material is level 3, which is fulfilling three indicators of fluency, flexibility, and elaboration, the reflective subject's creative thinking level 2 on the straight-line equation related to supply and demand functions is level 4, which meets four indicators of fluency, novelty , flexibility and elaboration. The level of reflective subject creative thinking 3 on compound interest calculation material is level 3, which is fulfilling three indicators of fluency, novelty, and elaboration, the level of creative thinking reflective subject 3 on the material of straight-line equations related to supply and demand functions is level 1 namely meeting two indicators of fluency and elaboration. The reflexive subject's creative thinking level 4 on compounded calculation material is level 4, which is fulfilling four indicators of fluency, novelty, flexibility, and elaboration, the reflective subject's creative thinking level 4 on the straight-line equation material related to supply and demand functions is level 4, which is meeting four indicators fluency, novelty, flexibility and elaboration. The level of creative thinking of the subjects Impulsive 1, Impulsive 2, and Impulsive 4 on the compound interest calculation material and on the straight line equation material is level 1 which satisfies two indicators of fluency and elaboration. The level of creative thinking of the impulsive subject 3 on the compound interest calculation material and on the straight line equation material is level 3 which is to fulfill three indicators of fluency, flexibility, and elaboration.

PROSES INTERAKSI KOMUNIKASI SISWA SMP DALAM DISKUSI KELOMPOK MATERI PERSAMAAN GARIS LURUS DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN

This research aims to describe the process of communication interaction within group discussion based on gender in Mathematics’ study particularly straight-line equations. The research was carried out at 8th grade in SMP Negeri 1 Driyorejo The research involves two kind of subject namely the women's group and the men's group which each group consisted of three students and is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. There are three stages in collecting students’ data: interview before the class started, record each conversation during the group discussion, and interview after the learning process. In terms of validity of the research, those data are checked using time triangulation. The results show that women’s group are more active during discussion compare with man’s group. While all member in women’s group communicated actively in solving problem, some of men’s member contributed in solving problem in worksheet

The students’ mathematical reasoning ability based on problem based learning model

This research aimed to develop Mathematics instructional instruments by using problem based learning (PBL) on “straight line equation” Learning Material for the eightth grade of Secondary schools well as to know its effect on the students’ matematical reasoning ability. The method used is mixed methods with concurrent triangulation strategy model namely development research method with Thiagarajan model combined with quantitative method. The research subjects were the students of MTsN 5 Jember of Jember regency consisting of 31 students of trial class 31 of experimental class and 31 students of the control class. The instruments of this research are a observation, an test, and an interview. Quantitative method is applied to analyze the difference of student achievement result among two classes are experimental class and control class. while the qualitative method is applied to describe the process and results of problem-based learning development. The product of this study is the problem based learning teaching administrations. The validity of the average value of those teaching adsministrations (lesson plan, the students’ worksheet, THB) is 3,75. The research results showed that: (1) the instructional instruments resulted is valid, the implementa-tion of the instructional instruments is in practical and effective; (2) the significance value (2-tailed) is 0.000 (p < 0.05), which indicated that the application of learning by using PBL had a significant effect on the students’ matematical reasoning ability.

A Teaching Process of Fostering Students' Problem-solving Skills: A Case Study of Teaching the Equation of a Line

Teaching mathematics is typically designed to develop the skills of learners, including problem-solving skills. Practice requires teachers to use effective teaching processes to bring the necessary mathematical skills back to the students. In many teaching models, attention must be paid to the lesson study model, which originated in Japan, because it has many educational meanings. This research aims to deploy a teaching process that promotes students' problem-solving skills to solve two mathematical problems in writing straight-line equations. The study used the model of a lesson study to do this. Two classes, including 74 students, have been selected for the control and experimental groups. For the first time, a lesson plan was taught in the control class; then it was thoughtfully adapted and taught for the second time in the experimental class. The data was based on the students' worksheets in two classes and qualitatively analysed to show progress in the teaching process. The findings indicated that the teaching process of the teacher's straight-line equations has led to a positive change in the ability of students to solve problems in the experimental class. These results also revealed more about the effectiveness of a lesson study model. Besides, some implications related to the professional development of teachers in teaching experience have been drawn up, such as teaching practice, competence, assessment skills and the lesson study team.

Students’ mathematical communication skills of the straight line equation based on gender in junior high school

Communication is a way for someone to convey an idea or support for a particular purpose; this is very important in the field of education. Mathematical communication is one of the abilities recommended by the National Council of Teachers Mathematics (NCTM). Besides, gender also plays a role in a person’s mathematical communication skills. This research type was descriptive qualitative. Data were obtained from 26 students at MTs Al- Qomar Kepung with different student abilities. Data were taken using the test and interview methods. The results of mathematical communication skills showed that females to draw straight-line competency graphs at 64.58%, while the male has lower abilities at 47.32%. Symbols of the ability of students in math problems by 63.54%, while the ability of male students is 66.96%. The ability to make guesses in challenges to female students was 71.88%, while the ability of male students was lower at 66.07%. Female students improve mathematical communication skills higher than male in the straight line of equation material, to improve students’ communication skills, male students need help and often do math problem exercises.

PENERAPAN MODEL CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING PADA MATERI PERSAMAAN GARIS LURUS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMPN 1 GANGGA

This study aims to improve the activity and learning achievement of VIII-4 grade studentsof SMPN 1 Gangga in learning straight line equation material for the 2019/2020 school year. Activitiesand student achievement in mathematics are very low, especially in grades VIII-4. For this reason,learning requires a learning model that can increase student creativity in solving problems so that it hasan impact on increasing student activity and learning achievement. One such model is the CreativeProblem Solving learning model. This Creative Problem Solving model is applied in this study toachieve the expected goals. This research is a classroom action research conducted in three cycles. Thedata analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative. The results obtained after applying the CreativeProblem Solving model were in the first cycle students 'activity scores 12 and 14 with an average scoreof 56.03 and completeness learning 48.28%, in the second cycle students' activity scores 16, 17 and 17with an average score of 61.59 and mastery learning 65.52%, and in cycle III the score of studentactivity 16 and 18 with an average score of 69.89 and mastery learning 86.21%. An increase in studentactivity scores at each meeting for each cycle. While the average score of student learning evaluationresults also increased in each cycle. Thus the Creative Problem Solving model increases the activityand learning achievement of students in class VIII-4 of SMPN 1 Gangga in learning straight lineequation material for the 2019/2020 school year.

Use of bungee jumping with stem approach to improve science process skills

The purpose of this study is to make bungee jumping as a teaching aid or learning medium by using the STEM approach to the material of straight-line equations. The method used in this study is the experimental method using one post-test group design. In this study, students create projects, then students are guided to make bungee jumping. The process of making this bungee jumping goes through several stages which include the planning stage, the implementation phase, the report writing stage, and the presentation stage. The results of the project were assessed as feasibility of science process skills. The assessment is carried out at each stage of the process of making bungee jumping, starting from the planning to the presentation stage using a special assessment rubric. Learning using the STEM approach is expected to be able to build and develop students so that they not only memorize concepts, but are also guided to be able to integrate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics so as to improve students’ science process skills. The results show that making bungee jumping through the application of the STEM method can improve students’ science process skills in both categories by 79.13%.

Analysis Methods Verification of Boron in River Water Using the Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer with Curcumin Complex as Alternative Practical Educations

Boron is one of the industrial wastes included in the hazardous and toxic materials category. The purpose of this study was to determine river water sample levels and determine the value of linearity, RSD, and% recovery. The method used is under APHA - AWWA 4500 B. Some boron complexing compounds include curcumin in acetic acid, carminic acid, and quinalizarin, but in this study, curcumin complex are used because their sources in Indonesia are abundant. Curcumin gives a red complex color as an indication of the presence of boron in the sample. This phenomenon makes the learning process through practicum very interesting. Students can see the color change directly from orange to red. Students taught to produce reliable data and understand the importance of the chemist and analyst profession for the community through the practice of verification and validation methods, and the determination of the value of boron. Based on this study, it concluded that the Boron content in river water samples is 0.4766 mg / L. These results obtained from the straight-line equation that is y = 0.3446x - 0.0119 with R2 of 0.9976. The results of the RSD analysis are 0.028%, which states that the value is in the Horwitz TABLE range. Therefore, it can be accepted. Besides, the% Recovery is 86%; this value meets the analysis standard and is acceptable because it is in the range of 85% -115%. Finally, the measured boron levels in river water samples are still below the quality standard limits of the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning water quality treatment and water pollution control with a value of boron levels less than 1 mg / L. The boron content in a sample of river water in the Semarang area is still safe. Keywords: Boron, Practical Educations, Analytical Chemistry, Linearity, RSD, % Recovery.

The profile of students’ mathematical representation in constructing line equation concept

Mathematical representation is the way from students to express their ideas in understanding and solving mathematical problems in the form of images, words, and symbols. This research aimed to know the profile of students’ mathematical representation in constructing the straight-line equation concept. This research used a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The subjects were 36 junior high school students at Jember. Data were obtained from the test, observation, and interview. Data triangulation was done by comparing data from the analysis of the answer sheet with interview data. The results showed in the activity of defining the concept of slope and straight-line equation, students made a visual representation during the process of finding slope and made verbal representation when defining straight-line equation. In the activity of determining a straight line equation, students made a symbolic representation and carrying out visual representation with among of them doing unique guesses in making an overview of the requested line position. In solving problems related to the concept of the straight line equation, some students chose visual representation to solve the two different problems. Some of the other students chose symbolic representation with some inaccuracy, and errors in the algebraic concept. While students who have been identified in the previous process have low ability tend to choose to use verbal methods and made guesses about the number of patterns.

Re-evaluating and reinventing Bloom’s taxonomy using an internet-based application

The development of mathematics learning today requires students to improve their thinking skills. One of them is the Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS). HOTS in this study is based on the revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy, namely C4 (analysing), C5 (evaluating), and C6 (creating) with the indicators that are differentiating, attributing, checking, critiquing, planning and producing. This research is a quantitative descriptive study that aims to determine the ability of students to solve HOTS problems in the matter of straight-line equations. The research was conducted at SMPN 3 Surakarta, SMPN 16 Surakarta, and SMPN 20 Surakarta, each of which included high, medium, and low category schools with 77 students. Data obtained using HOTS questions on the topic of straight-line equations with the reliability of the item is 0.746 The conclusion obtained is that differentiating indicators are at a high level. Medium level indicators are attributing and producing. Indicators at low levels are checking, critiquing, and planning. In the differentiating indicator, from 77 students there are 36 students with differentiating abilities at a high level. Whereas in the other 5 HOTS indicators, the ability of students is mostly at medium and low levels.

Comparison of straight line curve fit approaches for determining parameter variances and covariances

Pressure balances are known to have a linear straight line equation of the formy = ax + bthat relates the applied pressurexto the effective areay, and recent work has investigated the use of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Weighted Least Squares (WLS), and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression schemes in order to quantify the expected values of the zero-pressure areaA0 = band distortion coefficientλ = a/bin pressure balance models of the formy = A0(1 + λx). The limitations with conventional OLS, WLS and GLS approaches is that whilst they may be used to quantify the uncertaintiesu(a) andu(b) and the covariancecov(a,b), it is technically challenging to analytically quantify the covariance termcov(A0,λ) without additional Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper, we revisit an earlier Weighted Total Least Squares with Correlation (WTLSC) algorithm to determine the variancesu2(a) andu2(b) along with the covariancecov(a,b), and develop a simple analytical approach to directly infer the corresponding covariancecov(A0,λ) for pressure metrology uncertainty analysis work. Results are compared to OLS, WLS and GLS approaches and indicate that the WTLSC approach may be preferable as it avoids the need for Monte Carlo simulations and additional numerical post-processing to fit and quantify the covariance term, and is thus simpler and more suitable for industrial metrology pressure calibration laboratories. Novel aspects is that a Gnu Octave/Matlab program for easily implementing the WTLSC algorithm to calculate parameter expected values, variances and covariances is also supplied and reported.

Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Persamaan Garis Lurus dengan Model Guided Discovery Learning Berbantuan Geogebra

This research aims to describe the results of the application of straight line equation learning with guided discovery learning model assisted by geogebra. This qualitative research took the subject is a class VIII student at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo. Data collection uses observation and documentation techniques. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. It was concluded that the application of straight line equation learning for students of class VIII of MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo with a guided discovery learning model assisted by geogebra was carried out with the beginning of the Stimulation step, then the Problem statement, then the Data collection, followed by Data Processing, then Verification, ending with Generalization. Geogebra help is given during the stimulation and verification steps. The results of the application of this learning are student participation, confidence, and understanding increase. However, the teacher's guidance and creativity largely determine the successful implementation of the guided discovery learning model assisted by geogebra.

Analisis Minat Belajar Matematika Siswa SMP Kelas VIII Pada Materi Persamaan Garis Lurus Berbantu Aplikasi Geogebra

This research was conducted to analyze the interest in learning of junior high school students when conducting learning aided by the application of geogebra in the material of straight line equatios. The method used in this study is a quasi experiment with percentage quantitative descriptive techniques. The population of this study is students at junior high school Pasundan 9 Bandung, by taking a sample is 33 students of class VIII-C at junior high school Pasundan 9 Bandung. The instrument used in this study was a non-test instrument in the form of a questionnaire about students interest in learning after learning to use a geogebra application consisting of 20 statements. The result of this study are learning straight line equations in whose learning is assisted by the geogebra application get a positive response and can increase student interest in learning. Which can be seen from the average percentage obtained for each indicator 70,74% which means that most students already have an interest in learning mathematics learning mathematics learning assisted by geogebra applications.

Students’ Activities in Learning with Problem Based Learning Based Module to Enhance Students’ HOTS on the Subject of Straight Line Equations

This research begins with the observation of researchers of the activities of students who are still passive when participating in learning in accordance with the 2013 curriculum and do not prioritize students' high order thinking skills. Passive student activities are seen in the core activities of learning because in the core activities students are required to develop existing knowledge in themselves. Thus, the purpose of this study is to produce learning that makes students active. The solution to this problem is the implementation Problem Based Learning (PBL) based module covering Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions. The research method used was descriptive qualitative research. The technique used to collect data is a non-test technique, namely the observation sheet of student activities. Observation material consists of 4 aspects, namely observation on preliminary activities, core activities, closing activities and time management. The results obtained are active students during the learning of the subject of straight line equationswith module based on PBL obtained from 7 meetings is 82%, which means that student activities during learning with the problem based learning mathematics learning module on the subject of straight line equations are in the very good category

Distortion correction method of a zoom lens based on the vanishing point geometric constraint

In order to solve the problem that the distortion parameter of the zoom lens varies with focal length changes, a correction method for a zoom lens based on the minimum fitting error of a vanishing point geometric constraint is proposed. In light of a calibrated image with parallel line clusters without knowing the metric, the method can quickly correct the distortion of zoom lens in full focal length by the regression fitting of parameters. Firstly, based on the radial distortion division model, the functional relationship between the vanishing point and the radial distortion coefficient is established according to the geometric constraint of the vanishing point, and the first-order radial distortion coefficient of the camera is estimated by the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. And then, in terms of the principle of the deviation error minimization, the least squares can be used to fit the equation of straight line of the corrected points to optimize the center-of-distortion. Finally, the variation of distortion parameters with focal length is analyzed, the distortion parameter corresponding table between distortion parameters and focal length and the empirical formula of fitting are established. The results show that the root mean square error corrected by the fitting empirical formulas and the least squares support vector regression parameter corresponding table method for three different focal lengths are 1.16 pixels and 0.83 pixels, respectively. Moreover, those two ways are about 13% and 19% faster than Zhang’s method, respectively. By mapping this method to FPGA, the application effect of photographic UAV, security monitoring and other equipment requiring rapid response can be greatly improved.